BA Business Management: Organisational Behaviour
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Transcript of BA Business Management: Organisational Behaviour
BA Hons.Business Management.Managing Organisations: Systems Theory and Scientific Management
Wm Morrison's Supermarkets PLC• Fourth Largest Supermarket
Retailer in the UK.• Focus of Fresh and Value.• Founded in 1898 in Bradford.• Acquisition of Safeway in 2004.• Joined the FTSE 100.
• Own supply chain.• Prepare fresh food in store• Visions and Values
TEST
Systems Theory• Firms are seen as living
organisms.• Adapting to their environments as
they change.• Components of the systems are
interdependent from one another, but cannot be understood unless examined as whole.
• Interaction-influence model.• Activities are a product of their
environments, not the other way around.
• Socio-technical perspective.
• A sum of a series of interactions involving organisation aspects, environmental aspects and business activities.
• Environmental inputs, internal process and eventual outputs.
Systems Theory DiagramInput Transformation Output
Raw Materials Manufacturing Finished Products & Customer Satisfaction
Customers Market Research Strategies (MRS)
MR Data
Stakeholders(Opinions, expectations)
Stakeholder engagement
Improved CSR objectives and practices
Labour Training and Development
Qualified trainees/ employees
FeedbackMeasurement of success
Environmental influences
PoliticalSocialEconomicTechnologicalLegalEnvironmental
Outputs from other systems
Environmental influences
PoliticalSocial
EconomicTechnological
LegalEnvironmental
Inputs into other Systems
Environmental influences
PoliticalSocial
EconomicTechnological
LegalEnvironmentalInputs and Outputs into and out
of other systems
5
Scientific Management• Founded by F.W.Taylor. (1856-
1917)• Often criticized but to remember
that he was studying this around time of major industrial changes
• ‘Father of Scientific Management’• Increasing levels of output by
monetary incentives as a motivator as well as formal organisation structures.
• ‘One Best Way’ to carry out a job. • Ford Motors Manufacturing Plant
and Pig Iron Experiment.
Hand Washing Procedure●
Counter Merchandising Procedures●
Special/Additional Merchandising Procedures●
Food Preparation●
Packaging Procedures
Change Management‘A structured process and a set of tools for leading the people side of change’
An organisation can perform effectively only through interactions of the external environment of which it is part. The structure and functioning of the organisation must therefore reflect the nature of the environment. Changes are normally implemented as a result of the recognised need to respond to the new challenges or opportunists presented by that environment. *
The two main roles here are;
• Modifying the behavioural patterns of members of the organisation and
• Improving the ability for the organisation to cope with changes in its environment
Why Resistance Exists?Change in ingrained habitsChange in behaviours
Fear of job securityInsufficient resourcesEmployee perceives more work with less reward
Feel they will suffer
Lack of communicationChange has poor introduction
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs*
...leading the people side of change’....
Kotter’s 8 Stages of Change Management
Change Management StagesIncrease Urgency
Build the Guiding Team
Get the Vision Right
Communicate the Buy-In
Empower the action
Create Short-Term Win’s
Don’t Let Up
Make Changes Stick
leading the people side of change...
Optimisation Plan●
Stakeholder Engagement●
Employee Engagement●
Corporate and Social Responsibility Practices
It is unusual for any change not to attract some resistance. Even with foresight, pre-planning all the apparent logic behind the need to change, you should expect some resistance as the norm. Recognise and welcome it as a healthy response and an opportunity to openly debate possibilities and treat resistance as a powerful ally in facilitating the learning processPhillip Atkinson - ’Managing resistance in change’
ConclusionThe System Approach is seen as a living organism whereby a business system interacts and adapts to its environment as it changes and the systems outputs are products of their environment.
Scientific management is derived from ‘one best way to do a job’ and that the people within the systems are seen as a part of the production process (or machines).
The Management of Change can be seen as an extension of the systems approach in that change management looks at the environmental influences, and adapts the business to those changes, but deals with the ‘people concerns’ of those changes internally.
Anglia Ruskin University
ReferencesMullins, L.J., 2007. Management and Organisational Behaviour: 8th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall.*
Class Notes
Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC, 2009. Annual Report and Financial Statements 2009.[Online]Available at: http://www.morrisons.co.uk/[Accessed 16th September 2009]
Wm Morison Supermarkets PLC, 2009. Corporate and Social Responsibility Report 2009. [Online] Available at: http://www.morrisons.co.uk[Accessed 16th September 2009]