B3/B5 Agricultural Structures in the Assif Ait Ahmed An ......Assif Ait Ahmed An interdisciplinary...
Transcript of B3/B5 Agricultural Structures in the Assif Ait Ahmed An ......Assif Ait Ahmed An interdisciplinary...
Agricultural Structures in the Assif Ait Ahmed
An interdisciplinary case study of Tichki in the High Atlas Mountains
Holger Kirscht, Frank Gresens and Abderrahim Choukri
University of Cologne University of BonnMSWF
B3/B5
Agricultural Structures in the Assif Ait Ahmed An interdisciplinary case study of Tichki in the High Atlas Mountains
In the palm oasis of the Draa-valley water requirement for agricultural purposes is rather well known
Water availability for the traditional seguia irrigation system is largely defined by the water outlets of the MansourEddahahbi-Dam
SKOURA
OuedDade
s
Oue
dM
goun
OUARZAZATE
QALAA'TMGOUNA
Barrage Mansour Eddahbi
Barrage Agdz
Barrage Tansikht
Barrage Azaghar
Barrage Bounou
MezguitaTinzouline
Ternata
Fezouata
Ktaoua
M'HamidM'Hamid
Tiraf
BlidaTAGOUNITE
ZAGORA
Tinzouline
AGDZ
Oued Draa
Tamgroute
OuladYaoub
OuladLagraier
Auriz
Tichki Ameskar
SKOURA
OuedDade
s
Oue
dM
goun
OUARZAZATE
QALAA'TMGOUNA
Barrage Mansour Eddahbi
Barrage Agdz
Barrage Tansikht
Barrage Azaghar
Barrage Bounou
MezguitaTinzouline
Ternata
Fezouata
Ktaoua
M'HamidM'Hamid
Tiraf
BlidaTAGOUNITE
ZAGORA
Tinzouline
AGDZ
Oued Draa
Tamgroute
OuladYaoub
OuladLagraier
Auriz
Tichki Ameskar
Working Area in theHigh Atlas Mountains
For the smaller oasis on the confluents of the Draa, like the Assif AitAhmed in the High Atlas Mountains, many of these information is still lacking.Our presentation is a first attempt of an ongoing interdisciplinary research work, combining anthropological and findings with those from agricultural sciencesIn addition, Hydrologists, Meteorologists, Geologists, and other scientists from the IMPETUS research project are working in the area
Tichki Ameskar
SKOURA
OuedDade
s
Oue
dM
goun
OUARZAZATE
QALAA'TMGOUNA
Barrage Mansour Eddahbi
Barrage Agdz
Barrage Tansikht
Barrage Azaghar
Barrage Bounou
MezguitaTinzouline
Ternata
Fezouata
Ktaoua
M'HamidM'Hamid
Tiraf
BlidaTAGOUNITE
ZAGORA
Tinzouline
AGDZ
Oued Draa
Tamgroute
OuladYaoub
OuladLagraier
Auriz
Tichki Ameskar
In this presentation we are concentrating on the village of Tichki in the upper part of the valley.
Working Area in theHigh Atlas Mountains
Five settlements are located in the working area. Two of them, the upper Tichki and the upper Ameskar have been closer investigated
Tichki Valley
Tichki is a small village with about 200 inhabitants living in 28 households
Households are rather small:Nine households have 5 or less members.Only 2 have 15 and 23 member respectivelyThe average household size is 7,5 P/H.Half of the households have between 4 and 6 members
The Families belong to four „Grande Families“, the “original” or first permanent settlers in the valley
Permanent settlement in Tichki in the present form seems to be a relatively young phenomenon. Up to the 70s some families still lived in the Tighimt.
Tichki Valley
People in Tichki not only rely on the main river for irrigation, but benefit from additional sources, which feed the river through a side valley.
Ait KhouiaAit LmâalemAit MohamedAit OkhaNon ResidentToughrza
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Fields at Tichki Valley
“Grande Familles” owning fields at river
“Grande Familles” owning fields at source
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Grande Familles deTichki
Fields at Tichki Valley
Area of source irrigation
Area of river irrigation
“Grande Familles” owning fields at river
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Ait Khouia Brahim Ou MouhAkhzoud Mohamed Ben LhsenKhalis Lhsen Ben LmkhtarLbahi MohamedLhsen Ait HmadLkbouj Lhsen Ben MouhLkhouia Mohmed Ben AdiLmoudid LhoussainLmziani MhmedMoudid BrahimNon ResidentOu Jamer Abd AllahOu Jamer Mhemed Ben MouhOu Kha Brahim Adi Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim brahim Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim Lhoussain Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim Lhsen Ben HamouOu Kha Brahim Mohamed Ben HamouOu Khouia Mouh LhsenOu Lmkhtar Adi Ben LmkhtarOu Lmkhtar MohamedSaber Adi Ben LhoussainSaber Brahim Ben LhoussainSaber Hamou Ben LhoussainSaber IchouSaber Mohamed Ben Lhoussain#
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Saber Mouh Ben Lhoussain
Menages de Tichki
Fields at Tichki Valley
Soils and production systems
Five different soil types in Tichki Valley:
1. Black soil (0,07 – 0,2% N, 5,7 – 6,7% C, C:N : 33 – 120)
2. Loamy soil (0,05 – 0,2% N, 5,2 – 9,1% C, C:N : 33 – 104)
3. Sandy soil (0,05 – 0,2% N, 1,9 – 5,2% C, C:N : 25 – 60)
4. Mixed soil (0,05 – 0,2% N, 7,4 – 8% C, C:N : 40 – 95)(mixture between 2. and 3.)
5. Stony soil (0,03 – 0,06% N, 2,6 – 4,3% C, C:N : 58 – 104)
Soils and production systems
Five different production systems in Tichki Valley
1. Barley – Fallow (1 year cycle)
2. Barley – Maize (1 year cycle)
3. Barley – Maize – Barley – Potato – Barley – Maize –Barley – Carrot / Turnip (4 years cycle)
4. Fruits (Apple, Apricot, Peach and Walnut) (permanent)
5. Wood combined with grass production (permanent)
Soil type 5
Soil type 2 - 4
Soil type 1
Soil type 2 - 4
Soil type 5
Maize, Barley, Potatoes, Carrots and Turnip are produced for domestic consumption only
Fruits and Wood are Cash Crops
Apples recently became the most important Cash Crop
Soils and production systems
Irrigation
Turnip gets twice as much water than maize
Irrigation of maize and turnip in Tichki Valley
0,0
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29.09.2003 29.09.2003 27.09.2003 29.09.2003
maize maize turnip turnip
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m3 m
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Biomass determination of maize in Tichki and Ameskar
Leaf area of maize in Tichki and Ameskar 2002 - 2003
0
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f ar
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Tichkiplants per ha leafs per plant leaf area per leaf (m2)
2002 19700 8 0,022003 47600 9,6 0,03
Ameskarplants per ha leafs per plant leaf area per leaf (m2)
2002 18200 8,2 0,032003 32400 8,4 0,02
Transpiration of maize in Tichki and Ameskar
Transpiration of maize in Tichki and Ameskar 2002 - 2003 (2-3 weeks bevor harverest)
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tran
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