B24 ppt heredity follows different rules
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Week 24Week 24 When Heredity When Heredity Follows Different Follows Different RulesRules
Ch. 12.2-3 pg 315Ch. 12.2-3 pg 315
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complete complete dominancedominance
When the offsping show When the offsping show traits intermediatetraits intermediate between dominant between dominant and recessive,and recessive,
ex Black (BB) X White ex Black (BB) X White (bb) = Gray (Bb)(bb) = Gray (Bb)
incomplete incomplete dominancedominance
the offspring will show only the dominant trait in its phenotype
ex Black (BB) X White (bb) = White (Bb)
Click here for a
Gene E in a bottle
phenotype
genotype
100%heterozygous
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allelealleleOne One form of a geneform of a gene, ,
Ex. there are three different Ex. there are three different ______s for blood – A, B, and O______s for blood – A, B, and O
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Allele that is expressed Allele that is expressed equally with another equally with another dominant alleledominant allele, , coco-starring-starring
Ex. White (WW) X Black (BB) = Black and White Ex. White (WW) X Black (BB) = Black and White Spotted(BW)Spotted(BW)
WW BB
W
W
BW BW
BWBW
codominant allelecodominant allele
All heterozygous
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multiple allelemultiple allele traittrait
Trait controlled Trait controlled by by more than more than two allelestwo alleles
Example: Example: Humans have three alleles for blood - A(IA), B(IB), and (IO)
See video
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autosomeautosome
Non-sexNon-sex
chromosomchromosomeses
This is a human karyotype
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sex chromosomesex chromosomeChromosomes that Chromosomes that
determine the determine the sexsex of an individual, of an individual, X and YX and Y
Male xy
Female xx
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sex-linked sex-linked traittrait
Traits controlled byTraits controlled by genes on sex genes on sex chromosomeschromosomes
ex. ex. Female carrier for Hemophilia (XFemale carrier for Hemophilia (XHHXXhh), ), Hemophiliac male (XHemophiliac male (XHHY)Y)
Hemophiliac female (XHemophiliac female (XHHXXHH))
Male pattern baldingColor blindness – X-linked
4 Sex-Linked Traits:
1. Normal Color Vision: A: 29, B: 45, C: , D: 26
2. 2. Red-Green Color-Blind: A: 70, B: , C: 5, D:
3. 3. Red Color-blind: A: 70, B: -, C: 5, D: 6
4. 4. Green Color-Blind: A: 70, B: , C: 5, D: 2Hairy earsFemale pattern balding
hemophilia
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polygenic inheritancepolygenic inheritanceInheritance pattern of a trait Inheritance pattern of a trait
that is that is controlled by two or more controlled by two or more genes genes
ex. height, skin color, eye colorex. height, skin color, eye color
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external external environmentenvironment
TemperatureTemperature, , nutrition, nutrition, light, light, chemicals, chemicals, infectious infectious agentsagents
internal internal environmentenvironmentSurvival based Survival based
on on gender, age,gender, age, interaction interaction with other with other organismsorganisms
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sickle cell sickle cell diseasediseaseCauses defective Causes defective
hemoglobin which hemoglobin which changes changes shape of shape of blood cell into a blood cell into a sicklesickle, or half-moon, , or half-moon, blocking blood flowblocking blood flow
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Name 4 Human blood types Name 4 Human blood types withwith their genotypes their genotypes
Phenotype Phenotype GenotypeGenotype
Type A Type A IIAAi or Ii or IAAIIAA
Type B Type B IIBBi or Ii or IBBIIBB
Type AB Type AB IIAAIIBB
Type O Type O iiii
Blood type animation
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red-green color blindnessred-green color blindness
Caused by recessive genes Caused by recessive genes on X chromosome, affects on X chromosome, affects green and red green and red receptors in receptors in eyeseyes
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hemophiliahemophilia
X-linked disorder X-linked disorder that causes that causes problem with the problem with the bloods ability to clotbloods ability to clot
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skin colorskin colorA polygenic trait, A polygenic trait,
indicated by indicated by three or three or four genesfour genes
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karyotypekaryotypeA chart showing A chart showing
chromosome pairschromosome pairs
Catfish
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Down SyndromeDown Syndrome Results from Results from trisomy of trisomy of
chromosome 21chromosome 21, tri = 3, tri = 3
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Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis TranscriptionTranscription
TranslationTranslation
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Here are some true/false Here are some true/false questions for youquestions for you
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The The DNA DNA moleculemolecule
What determines What determines structure and structure and function of cellsfunction of cells??
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OffspringOffspring receive receive genetic genetic information (DNA)information (DNA) from from theirtheir
parents.
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Chromosomal Chromosomal mutationsmutations may lead to may lead to
genetic genetic variationvariation
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Some Some mutationsmutations are good, and are good, and help an organism survive.help an organism survive. True or False?True or False? True, but not often
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Plants reproduce Plants reproduce sexually sexually and asexuallyand asexually.. True or false?True or false?True
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DNA in one organism (like a mouse) DNA in one organism (like a mouse) has many similarities with DNA in has many similarities with DNA in another organism (like you). True or another organism (like you). True or False? False?
HumanMouse
True
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Every cell Every cell within an within an organismorganism has same DNA. has same DNA. True or False?True or False?
Liver cell Brain cell
True
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www.scilinks.orgwww.scilinks.org www.go.hrw.comwww.go.hrw.com www.si.edu/hrwwww.si.edu/hrw
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And now the quizzzzzzAnd now the quizzzzzz
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_________ _________ dominancedominance
When the offsping show When the offsping show traits intermediatetraits intermediate between dominant between dominant and recessive,and recessive,
ex Black (BB) X White ex Black (BB) X White (bb) = Gray (Bb)(bb) = Gray (Bb)
_________ _________ dominancedominance
the offspring will show only the dominant trait in its phenotype
ex Black (BB) X White (bb) = White (Bb)
Click here for a
Gene E in a bottle
phenotype
genotype
100%heterozygous
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_________ _________ One One form of a geneform of a gene
Ex. there are three different ______s for Ex. there are three different ______s for blood blood
A, B, and iA, B, and i
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_________ allele_________ allele
Allele that is expressed Allele that is expressed equally with another equally with another dominant alleledominant allele, , coco-starring-starring
Ex. White (WW) X Black (BB) = Black and White Ex. White (WW) X Black (BB) = Black and White Spotted(BW)Spotted(BW)
WW BB
W
W
BW BW
BWBW
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_________ allele_________ allele traittrait
Trait controlled Trait controlled by by more than more than two allelestwo alleles
Example: Example: Humans have three alleles for blood - A(IA), B(IB), and (IO)
See video
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_________ _________
Non-sexNon-sex
chromosomchromosomeses
This is a human karyotype
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____ _________ ____ _________ Chromosomes that Chromosomes that
determine the determine the sexsex of an individual, of an individual, X and YX and Y
Male xy
Female xx
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_________ trait_________ traitTraits controlled byTraits controlled by genes on sex genes on sex
chromosomeschromosomes ex. ex. Female carrier for Hemophilia (XFemale carrier for Hemophilia (XHHXXhh), ),
Hemophiliac male (XHemophiliac male (XHHY)Y) Hemophiliac female (XHemophiliac female (XHHXXHH))
Male pattern baldingColor blindness – X-linked
4 Sex-Linked Traits:
1. Normal Color Vision: A: 29, B: 45, C: , D: 26
2. 2. Red-Green Color-Blind: A: 70, B: , C: 5, D:
3. 3. Red Color-blind: A: 70, B: -, C: 5, D: 6
4. 4. Green Color-Blind: A: 70, B: , C: 5, D: 2Hairy earsFemale pattern balding
hemophilia
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_________ _________ inheritanceinheritanceInheritance pattern of a trait Inheritance pattern of a trait
that is that is controlled by two or more controlled by two or more genes genes
ex. height, skin color, eye colorex. height, skin color, eye color
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_________ _________ environmentenvironment
TemperatureTemperature, , nutrition, nutrition, light, light, chemicals, chemicals, infectious infectious agentsagents
_________ _________ environmentenvironmentSurvival based Survival based
on on gender, age,gender, age, interaction interaction with other with other organismsorganisms
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________ ___ ________ ___ diseasediseaseCauses defective Causes defective
hemoglobin which hemoglobin which changes changes shape of shape of blood cell into a blood cell into a sicklesickle, or half-moon, , or half-moon, blocking blood flowblocking blood flow
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4 Human ________ _______ 4 Human ________ _______ withwith their genotypes their genotypes
Phenotype Phenotype GenotypeGenotype
Type A Type A IIAAi or Ii or IAAIIAA
Type B Type B IIBBi or Ii or IBBIIBB
Type AB Type AB IIAAIIBB
Type O Type O iiii
Blood type animation
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____ _____ _____ _________ ____ _____ _____ _________
Caused by recessive genes Caused by recessive genes on X chromosome, affects on X chromosome, affects green and red green and red receptors in receptors in eyeseyes
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_________ _________
X-linked disorder X-linked disorder that causes that causes problem with the problem with the bloods ability to clotbloods ability to clot
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_________ _________ A polygenic trait, A polygenic trait,
indicated by indicated by three or three or four genesfour genes
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_________ _________ A chart showing A chart showing
chromosome pairschromosome pairs
Catfish
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_________ Syndrome_________ Syndrome Results from Results from trisomy of trisomy of
chromosome 21chromosome 21, tri = 3, tri = 3
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For homework:For homework: Draw Protein SynthesisDraw Protein Synthesis
TranscriptionTranscription
TranslationTranslation