B. Pharm. Course - dhsgsu.ac.in€¦ · Proposed Curriculum for B. Pharm. Course: w.e.f. Session...

Proposed Curriculum

for

B. Pharm. Course

(Structure of courses)

2013-14

Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar (MP)

Proposed Curriculum for B. Pharm. Course: w.e.f. Session 2013 - 2014

(Structure of courses) Hints for Course Code : PHSC First Digit Second Digit Third Digit(s)

PHSC denotes Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Digit denotes Semester No.,

2nd

Digit denotes Course Level 1 for UG and 2 for PG, Third digit(s) denotes paper No.

Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences

Course B.Pharm. Code

Subject Pharmaceutical

Sciences

Subject

Code PHS-54 School EAT 50

B.PHARM. – I SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

SNo Course Code Course Name L* T* Credits

01 PHSC 1101 Professional

Communication 2 1 3

02 PHSC 1102 Computer Applications 2 0 2

03 PHSC 1103

Pharmaceutical

Chemistry I (Inorganic

Chemistry)

4 0 4

04 PHSC 1104

Pharmaceutical

Chemistry II

(Organic Chemistry-I)

4 0 4

05 PHSC 1105 Introduction to

Pharmaceutics 4 0 4

06 PHSC 1106# Remedial Mathematics 2 2 4

07 PHSC 1107# Remedial Biology 4 0 4

Total= 18/20 1/3 21/21

B.PHARM. – I SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

SNo Course Code Course Name P* Credits

01 PHSC 1108 Computer Applications 3 1

02 PHSC 1109 Pharmaceutical Chemistry I

(Inorganic Chemistry) 3 1

03 PHSC 1110 Pharmaceutical Chemistry II

(Organic Chemistry-I) 3 1

04 PHSC 1111 Introduction to

Pharmaceutics 3 1

05 PHSC 1112##

Remedial Biology 3 1

Total= 12/15 4/5**

Note:* L - Lecture T – Tutorial P – Practical C- Total Credit

# Students have to appear in either PHSC 1106 or PHSC 1107 Course

## Course applicable to only those students who opt for PHSC 1107

** Total Credits in particular 4 for students who opt PHSC 1106 and credits 5 for students

who opt PHSC 1107.

Dr. H. S. Gour Central University Sagar (MP)

Proposed Curriculum for B. Pharm. Course


Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences



Sciences

Subject


B.PHARM. – II SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

SNo Course Code Course Name L* T* Credits

01 PHSC 2101 Applied Mathematics

and Biostatistics 4 0 4

02 PHSC 2102

Human Anatomy,

Physiology and Health

Education

4 0 4

03 PHSC 2103 Pharmaceutical

Engineering 4 0 4

04 PHSC 2104

Pharmaceutical

Chemistry III (Organic

Chemistry-II)

3 0 3

05 PHSC 2105 Pharmacognosy and

Phytochemistry-I 4 0 4

06 PHSC- 2110 Environmental Studies 3 0 3

Total 22 0 22

B.PHARM. – II SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

SNo Course Code Course Name P* Credits

01 PHSC 2106

Human Anatomy,

Physiology and Health

Education

3 1


Engineering 3 1

03 PHSC 2108

Pharmaceutical

Chemistry III (Organic

Chemistry-II)

3 1


Phytochemistry-I 3 1

Total 12 04

Note: * - L - Lecture T – Tutorial P – Practical C- Total Credit




Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences



Sciences

Subject


B.PHARM. – III SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

SNo

Course

Code Course Name L* T* Credits

01 PHSC 3101 Physical Pharmaceutics 4 0 4

02 PHSC 3102 Cell and Molecular Biology 2 0 2

03 PHSC 3103

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

IV (Chemistry of Natural

Products)

4 0 4


Microbiology 4 0 4


Phytochemistry- II 4 0 4

Total= 18 0 18

B.PHARM. – III SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

SNo

Course

Code Course Name P* Credits

01 PHSC 3106 Physical Pharmaceutics 3 1

02 PHSC 3107

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

IV (Chemistry of Natural

Products)

3 1


Microbiology 3 1


Phytochemistry- II 3 1

Total 12 04

Note: * - L - Lecture T -Tutorial P- Practical C- Total Credit




Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences



Sciences

Subject


B.PHARM. IV SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

S. No.

Course


01 PHSC 4101

Human Physiology and

Pathophysiology of Common

Diseases

4 0 4

02 PHSC 4102 Dosage Form Design 4 0 4


Biotechnology 4 0 4

04 PHSC 4104 Pharmaceutical Analysis I 4 0 4

05 PHSC 4105

Pharmacy Practice

(Dispensing and Community

Pharmacy)

4 0 4

Total 20 0 20

B.PHARM. IV SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

S. No.

Course


01 PHSC 4106



Diseases

3 1

02 PHSC 4107 Dosage Form Design 3 1


Biotechnology 3 1

04 PHSC 4109 Pharmaceutical Analysis I 3 1

05 PHSC 4110

Pharmacy Practice


Pharmacy)

3 1

Total 15 05





Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences



Sciences

Subject


B. PHARM. – V SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

S. No.

Course


01 PHSC 5101 Cosmetic Technology 4 0 4

02 PHSC 5102 Biochemistry 4 0 4

03 PHSC 5103 Medicinal Chemistry I 3 0 3

04 PHSC 5104 Pharmacology I 3 0 3


Phytochemistry III 3 0 3

Total 17 0 17

B. PHARM. – V SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

S. No

Course


01 PHSC 5106 Cosmetic Technology 3 1

02 PHSC 5107 Biochemistry 6 2

03 PHSC 5108 Medicinal Chemistry I 3 1

04 PHSC 5109 Pharmacology I 3 1


Phytochemistry III 3 1

Total 18 6





Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences



Sciences

Subject


B.PHARM. – VI SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

S. No

Course


01 PHSC 6101 Pharmaceutical Industrial

Management 3 0 3

02 PHSC 6102 Pharmaceutical Analysis II 4 0 4

03 PHSC 6103 Medicinal Chemistry II 3 0 3

04 PHSC 6104 Pharmacology II 3 0 3


Manufacturing Technology 4 0 4

Total= 17 0 17

B.PHARM. – VI SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

S. No

Course


01 PHSC 6106 Pharmaceutical Analysis II 6 2

02 PHSC 6107 Medicinal Chemistry II 3 1

03 PHSC 6108 Pharmacology II 3 1


Manufacturing Technology 6 2

05 PHSC 6110 Industrial Tour/Project 0 2

Total= 18 8





Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences



Sciences

Subject


B.PHARM. – VII SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

S. No

Course


01 PHSC 7101 Medicinal Chemistry III 3 0 3

02 PHSC 7102 Pharmaceutical Analysis III 4 0 4

03 PHSC 7103 Pharmacology III 3 0 3

04 PHSC 7104 Drug Legislation and

Regulatory Affairs 4 0 4

05 PHSC 7105 Clinical & Hospital

Pharmacy 4 0 4

Total= 18 0 18

B.PHARM. – VII SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

S. No

Course


01 PHSC 7106 Medicinal Chemistry III 3 1

02 PHSC 7107 Pharmaceutical Analysis III 3 1

03 PHSC 7108 Pharmacology III 6 2

04 PHSC 7109 Clinical & Hospital

Pharmacy 3 1

Total= 15 5





Department

Dept. of

Pharmaceutical

Sciences



Sciences

Subject


B.PHARM. – VIII SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course

S. No

Course


01 PHSC 8101 Novel and Controlled

Drug Delivery Systems 4 0 4

02 PHSC 8102 Biopharmaceutics &

Pharmacokinetics 4 0 4


Phytochemistry -IV 3 0 3

04 PHSE 8104 Elective 4 0 4

Total 15 0 15

B.PHARM. – VIII SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course

S. No

Course


01 PHSC 8105 Novel and Controlled Drug

Delivery Systems 3 1

02 PHSC 8106 Biopharmaceutics &

Pharmacokinetics 3 1


Phytochemistry -IV 3 1

04 PHSC 8108 Project on elective 6 2

Total 15 05


PHSC 8104 Electives (T) 1. GMP, Quality Assurance

2. Packaging Technology

3. Drug Design

4. Drug Interactions

5. Neutraceuticals

6. Herbal Drug Technology

B.PHARM. – I SEMESTER

Course Code Course L T Credits PHSC 1101 Professional Communication 2 1 3

Hours Per Week

Professional Communication

Theory: 2h/week

Unit – I ( 09 Hrs.):

English grammar- Parts of speech, articles, preposition, tenses, active and passive speech, direct and indirect

speech.

Presentation techniques- Tips, Dos and don’ts of presentation, notice and placard presentations.

Unit – II ( 09 Hrs.):

Written skills: Proposal, writing formats, report writing business letters, applications, covering letters, curriculum

vitae designing, summary writing.

Listening- Phonetics and pronunciations (with the help of phonetics dictionary and with tapes from language

laboratory).

Unit – III ( 09 Hrs.):

Etiquettes and grooming.

Group discussion and extempore communication.

Interviews- Tips and model interviews (video shooting and display).

Tutorial: 1h/week

Unit – IV ( 09 Hrs.):

English grammar- Parts of speech, articles, preposition, tenses, active and passive speech, direct and indirect

speech.

Unit – V ( 09 Hrs.):

Presentation techniques- Tips, Dos and don’ts of presentation, notice and placard presentations. (3)

Written skills: Proposal, writing formats, report writing business letters, applications, covering letters, curriculum

vitae designing, summary writing.

Books Recommended:

1. Wren and Martin, English Grammar.

2. Tapes from language laboratory, Hyderabad.

Course Code Course L T Credits PHSC 1102 Computer Applications 2 0 2

Hours Per Week

Computer Applications

Theory: 2 h/week(Total 40 Hours)

Unit – I (06 Hrs):

Elements of Computer System: Development of Computers through generation, classification and applications.

Basic Schematic Diagram of Digital Computer, Functions of its various components (I/P, O/P, CPU, ALU, Memory),

Types of memory, concept of RAM, ROM and Virtual memory. Problem solving, algorithm, flowchart, SDLC, data

structure, list, stack, queue, DBMS.

Unit – II (06 Hrs):

Concept of System Software: Evolution of operating system, type and need of Translators, Compare MS-DOS vs.

UNIX, Elements of LINUX, Internal and External commands of MS-DOS. Advantages, limitation and features of

various Windows versions like Windows95/98/2000/XP/2003.

Unit – III (06 Hrs):

Application Software & packages: MS Office 2003: Features, advantages and limitations of its tools.

Word Processing (MS Word): Basic operation and tools of MS Word with special emphasis to Webpage conversion,

mail merge.

Spreadsheet (MS Excel): Elementary functions and tools of MS Excel with special emphasis using statistical and

analytical parameters.

Presentation (MS Power point): Slide preparation, insertion of template, file, tables, picture, chart, movies, sound

animation and other special effects.

Unit – IV (06 Hrs):

Computer Programming Languages: Features & Comparison of various types of computer languages -

machine/low level languages, high level, and assembly languages.

Understanding ‘C’ Languages: Features of C, data types, Character Set, Tokens, expressions, operations, Simple

programs using; getchar and putchas, exposure to scanf and printf, conditional statements (if else, switch and break

statements), loops (for, while, do while, continue statement), arrays, functions, Strings etc.

Unit – V (06 Hrs):

Internet & Computer Applications: Introduction to Computer Networks, Internet (browsing, www, URL, HTTP, FTP,

IP Address, E-Mail. Webpage designing). Computer applications in Pharmaceutical and clinical studies, Uses of

networking in Pharmaceutical Industries.

Books Recommended:

1. “Computers Today” by Senders D. H., McGrawHill.

2. “Computer fundamentals” by P. K. Sinha. Third edition, BPB Publication.

3. “Information technology”, Jaiswal, S., Galgotia Pub.

4. Manuals for MS DOS, MS Office, MS Windows, UNIX.

5. “Office 2000/2003 Complete”, BPB Publication.

6. “Internet basic reference A to Z”, by Falk B., BPB, Delhi

7. “Operating Systems” by Stallings,PHI.

8. “Computers in Pharmacy” by Thakur P.S.,Manchanda R.Nand P; Birla Pub.Pvt Ltd.

9. “Programming in ANSI-C by E. Balaguruswamy –Tata Mc. Graw Hill.

10. “Computer Networks” by Tenenbaum A.S., Prentice Hall of India.

11. “Programming with C” by Byron Gottfield.

Course Code Course L T Credits

PHSC 1103 Pharmaceutical Chemistry I

(Inorganic Chemistry) 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry I (Inorganic Chemistry) Theory: 4h/week:

Unit –I (12 Hrs.):

Sources of impurities and their control, limit test for iron, arsenic, lead, heavy metals, chloride and sulphate.

An outline of methods of preparation, uses, sources of impurities, tests of purity and identification and special

tests, if any, of the following classes of inorganic pharmaceuticals included in IP 96.

Gases and vapours –inhalants(oxygen),anaesthetics(nitrous oxide)

Unit –II (12 Hrs.):

Topical agents-protective (calamine, titanium dioxide, talc, kaolin), astringent (zinc oxide, zinc sulphate) and anti-

infective (boric acid, H2O2, iodine, povidone iodine, potassium permanganate, silver nitrate.)

Preservatives:

Pharmaceutical accepted glass-chemistry of glass, types of test employed for glass.

Waters: official water (water, purified water, water for injection, bacteriostatic water for injection, sterile water for

injection)

Unit –III (12 Hrs.):

Pharmaceutical aids and necessities

• Acids and bases-acid base theory ,specification of acidity and basicity, official inorganic acid(boric acid

HCl, HNO3, H3PO4), nonofficial inorganic acids(H2SO4), official inorganic bases(strong ammonia solution,

calcium hydroxide, KOH, Na2CO3,NaOH,soda lime)

• Buffers-theory and mechanism, pharmaceutical buffer selection, pharmaceutical buffer system

• Antioxidant-theory, the selection of antioxidants, official antioxidants (hypophosphorous acid, sodium

bisulphite, sodium thiosulphate, sodium nitrite, nitrogen).

Unit –IV (12 Hrs.):

Nuclear chemistry-nuclear composition ,forces and stability, isotope ,radioactive emission, measurement of

radioactivity, modes of decay, half life period, artificial radioactivity, application in pharmacy.

Radiopharmaceuticals and contrast media- Radiopharmaceuticals, Radiopharmaceuticals preparation and radio

opaque contrast media., Diagnostic drugs.

Unit –V (12 Hrs.)

Co-ordination compounds and comlexation-theoratical consideration and official products(calcium diacetate

edetate, disodium edetate, dimercaprol, and penicillamine).

Pharmaceutical necessities –preservatives.

Complexation and chelation -application in pharmacy

Books Recommended:

1. Block, J.H., Roche, E., Soine, T. and Wilson, C., “Inorganic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Lea and Febiger.

2. Discher, C.A. et al., Modern inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry, Waveland press. 3. Pharmacopoeia of India, 1996 4. Atherden, L.M., Bentley and Drivers “Text book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry” Oxford University press,

London.


PHSC 1104 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II

(Organic Chemistry-I) 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Organic Chemistry-I)

Theory: 4h/week Unit –I (12 Hrs.):

Organic chemistry-the structural theory, chemical bond, quantum mechanics, atomic orbitals, electronic

configuration, molecular orbitals, intramolecular forces, bond dissociation energy, polarity of bonds, polarity of

molecules, atomic structure , hybridization, sigma and pi bond, covalent ,electrovalent and co-ordinate bond,

inductive effect, resonance effect, tautomerism, conjugation, hyperconjugation, type of bond fission.

Relations of structure with properties like density, melting point, boiling point, solubility, etc.


Structure ,nomenclature, preparation and reaction of- Alkane, alkene ,alkyne ,cycloalkane and dienes, Alkyl

halides , alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids and their functional derivatives, aldehydes and ketones, amines,


Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation and reaction of :-

Dicarboxylic acids, malonic acid ester and its importance, acetoacetic acid ester and its importance, Saytzeff’s

rule, peroxide effect, Ozonolysis, Bayer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, addition reactions of

conjugated dienes.


Stereo chemistry-optical activity optical isomer, geometrical isomers, racemic modification, meso structure,

enantiomer, configuration, chiral centre, reaction involving stereoisomers, stereoselective and stereospecific

reactions.

Unit –IV (12 Hrs.)

Role of solvent-secondary bonding, solubility of non-ionic and ionic solutes, protic, and aprotic solvents, ion pairs,

role of solvent in substitution reaction, phase transfer catalysis.

Books Recommended:

1. Morrison, B.T., and Boyd, R.N., “Organic Chemistry”, Prentics Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Vogel A.I., “Textbook of Practical Organic chemistry”, ELBS/Longman. 3. Mann, F.G. and Saunders, B.C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”, ELBS/Longman 4. Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry, Vol.-I and II, ELBS/Longman 5. Hendrikson, Organic Chemistry.


PHSC 1105 Introduction to Pharmaceutics

4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Introduction to Pharmaceutics Theory: 4h/week Unit – I (12 Hrs): History of Pharmacy and background of Pharmacy profession Development of Pharmacopoeia and National formulary Code of ethics for Pharmacist Unit – II (12 Hrs): Pharmaceutical calculations and posology: Pharmaceutical calculations, significant figures, different systems of weights and measures; calculation of dosages for children; reducing and enlarging of formulae;; percentage solutions; allegation; proof spirit; thermometry; isotonic solutions; electrolyte solutions; displacement value Classification of dosages forms. Routes of administration Unit – III (12 Hrs): A. Pharmaceutical additives: Source, chemical profile, application and interaction B. Formulation considerations of aromatic waters, solutions, syrups, elixirs, infusions, decoctions, tinctures, spirits, extracts, jellies, mucilage, lotion and liniments, collodions, douches, gargles, enemas, eye drops, ear drops and nasal drops Unit – IV (12 Hrs): Size Reduction: Mechanism of size reduction, factors influencing size reduction, pharmaceutical applications, energy requirements, roller mill, and edge runner mill, ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill, colloid mill, closed circuit grinding. Size Separation: Standard screens, oscillating tray sifter, grating sifters, cyclone separators. Sedimentation, elutriation. Unit – V (12 Hrs): Filtration and clarification: Filtration, Mechanism of filtration, factors affecting filter selection, Kozney's equation, filter media, filter aids, Classification of filters - filter press, leaf filters, rotary continuous filters, metafilters, membrane filters. Extraction: Leaching process, factors affecting the efficiency of leaching process; diffusion batteries, continuous diffusion batteries, Dorr agitator, continuous counter current extraction, Cragg's apparatus.

Books Recommended: 1. Ansel: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosages Forms 2. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 3. Indian Pharmacopeia. 4. British Pharmacopeia. 5. Jain & Sharma: The theory and practice of Professional Pharmacy 6. Jain : Pharmaceutical Arithmetic. 7. An introduction to Chemical Engineering - Badger and Banchero. 8. Chemical Engineering - Richardson and Coulson. 9. Introduction to Unit Operation - McCabe and Smith. 10. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy-Lachman,Lieberman and Kanig 11. Bentley's Text Book of Pharmaceutics - Rowlin.

Course Code Course L T Credits PHSC 1106 Remedial Mathematics 2 2 4

Hours Per Week

Remedial Mathematics Theory: 2h/week

Unit- I ( 12 Hrs):

Algebra: Laws of indices, Surds, pure and mixed Surds, Rationalization of surds, Equivalent fraction with a

rational denominator of a surd, Square root, Cube root of surds. Modulus and arguments of a complex number,

square root of a complex number. Solution of quadratic equations, theory of quadratic equations, solution of

simultaneous equations and miscellaneous equations. Logarithms, Properties of logarithms, Arithmetical

Geometrical and Hormonical progressions, permutation and combination.

Unit- II ( 12 Hrs):

Binomial theorem with positive index. Matrices, types of matrices, addition, subtraction, multiplication and

transpose of matrices, adjoint and inverse of a matrix. Application of matrices in solving equations. Determinants

and their properties, applications of determinants in the solution of linear equation.

Unit- III ( 12 Hrs):

Co-ordinate Geometry: Distance formula, area of a triangle and quadrilateral, Equations of a straight line, angle

between straight lines, point o intersection of two straight lines, perpendicular distance of a point from the straight

lines, Second degree equation representing two lines, Equation of circle.

Unit- IV ( 12 Hrs):

Trigonometry: Measurement of angles relation between trigonometric ratio of an angle of a right angle triangle,

complementary and supplementary angle, multiple and submultiple angles, product formulae sum and difference

formulae of trigonometric ratios, identities of trigonometric ratios, relation between sides and angles of any

triangle, area of a triangle, radius of circumscribed, inscribed circles.

Unit- V ( 12 Hrs):

Calculus: Limit of a function, limit at infinity, Differentiation of some function, product rule, quotient rile of

differentiation, differentiation of inverse trigonometric function, implicit function, logarithmic from, parametric form,

successive differentiation, tangent and normal, maxima and minima.

Integration as inverse of differentiation, simple integration formulae, integration by substitution and by parts.

Books Recommended:

1. Algebra by Hall and Knight

2. Coordinate geometry by S. L. Loney.

3. Trigonometry by S. L. Loney.

4. Differential Calculus by Gorakh Prasad.

5. Integral Calculus by Gorakh Prasad.


PHSC 1107 Remedial Biology 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Remedial Biology

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Origin and evolution of life: an outline.

Classification and general treatment of Plant Kingdom.

Study of the following families of medicinal and aromatic plants- Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Labiatae,

Papaveraceae, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae and Scrofulariceae.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.):

Physiology of plants- photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.

Fundamental laws of inheritance- Mendel’s law. Life cycle of a common angiosperm plant.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.):

Morphology, histology and structural organization of root, stem, bark, wood, leaf, flower, fruit and seed.

Classification and general treatment of animal kingdom.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.):

Structure of plant cell, cell organelles, types of plant tissues and their functions.

Study of structure and life cycle of amoeba, plasmodium and diseases caused by systemic helminths and

parasites.

Unit-V(12 Hrs.): General treatment of digestive, circulatory system and reproductive cycles of amphibian and mammals.

Course Code Course P Credits PHSC 1108 Computer Applications 3 1

Hours per week

Computer Applications

Practicals: 3 h/week

Solving a problem using Algorithm, Flowchart and SDLC.

Study of Operating System; Windows and MS DOS commands

WebPage designing in MS Front Page

Prepare a document using MS Word.

Prepare a Spreadsheet/worksheet using MS Excel.

Prepare a presentation using MS Power point.

Simple Programe in ‘C’ language.

Books Recommended:

1. “Computers Today” by Senders D. H., McGrawHill.

2. “Computer fundamentals” by P. K. Sinha. Third edition, BPB Publication.

3. “Information technology”, Jaiswal, S., Galgotia Pub.

4. Manuals for MS DOS, MS Office, MS Windows, UNIX.

5. “Office 2000/2003 Complete”, BPB Publication.

6. “Internet basic reference A to Z”, by Falk B., BPB, Delhi

7. “Operating Systems” by Stallings,PHI.

8. “Computers in Pharmacy” by Thakur P.S.,Manchanda R.Nand P; Birla Pub.Pvt Ltd.

9. “Programming in ANSI-C by E. Balaguruswamy –Tata Mc. Graw Hill.

10. “Computer Networks” by Tenenbaum A.S., Prentice Hall of India.

11. “Programming with C” by Byron Gottfield.

Course Code Course P Credits

PHSC 1109 Pharmaceutical Chemistry- I

(Inorganic Chemistry) 3 1

Hours per week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry I (Inorganic Chemistry) Practicals: 3h/week

Preparation of inorganic medicinal and pharmaceutical compounds.

Limit test of Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Lead, Arsenic in the given sample.

Detection of inorganic salts including interfering radicals

Books Recommended:

1. Block, J.H., Roche, E., Soine, T. and Wilson, C., “Inorganic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry”,

Lea and Febiger.

2. Discher, C.A. et al., Modern inorganic pharmaceutical chemistry, Waveland press.

3. Pharmacopoeia of India, 1996

4. Atherden, L.M., Bentley and Drivers “Text book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry” Oxford University press,

London


PHSC 1110 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II

(Organic Chemistry-I) 3 1

Hours per week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Organic Chemistry-I) Practicals: 3h/week Identification of elements and organic compounds in the given sample.

Synthesis of compounds involving acetylation, benzoylation, bromination, reduction, diazotisation and oxidation.

Books Recommended: 1. Morrison, B.T., and Boyd, R.N., “Organic Chemistry”, Prentics Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Vogel A.I., “Textbook of Practical Organic chemistry”, ELBS/Longman.

3. Mann, F.G. and Saunders, B.C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”, ELBS/Longman

4. Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry, Vol.-I and II, ELBS/Longman

5. Hendrikson, Organic Chemistry.


PHSC 1111 Introduction to Pharmaceutics

3 1

Hours per week

Introduction to Pharmaceutics

Practicals: 3h/week

Experiments based on theory i.e., Preparation of Waters, Solutions, Syrups, Elixirs, Infusions, Decoctions,

Spirits, Jellies, Mucilages, Lotions, Liniments, Gargles, Enemas, Eye, Ear & Nasal Drops,

Practice in Pharmaceutical Calculations. Experiments based on Size Reduction, Size Separation, Filtration,

Extraction.

Books Recommended:

1. Ansel: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosages Forms

2. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.

3. Indian Pharmacopeia.

4. British Pharmacopeia.

5. Jain & Sharma: The theory and practice of Professional Pharmacy

6. Jain : Pharmaceutical Arithmetic.

7. An introduction to Chemical Engineering - Badger and Banchero.

8. Chemical Engineering - Richardson and Coulson.

9. Introduction to Unit Operation - McCabe and Smith.

10. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy-Lachman,Lieberman and Kanig

11. Bentley's Text Book of Pharmaceutics - Rowlin.

Course Code Course P Credits PHSC 1112 Remedial Biology 3 1

Hours per week

Remedial Biology

Practical: 3h/week

Morphology of different plant parts.

Microscopy: Type of microscopes, staining procedures, use of microscope in the identification of different plant

and animal part.

Gross identification of slides for structure and life cycle of lower plants and animals mentioned in theory

B.PHARM. – II SEMESTER


PHSC 2101 Applied Mathematics And

Biostatistics 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Applied Mathematics and Biostatistics Theory: 4h/week

Unit- I ( 12 Hrs):

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Definition and formation of differential equations, differential equations of first

order and first degree in which variables are separable, homogeneous, reducible to homogeneous equations,

linear equation form or equation reducible to linear equation form. Linear differential equations with constant

coefficients: Auxiliary equations having different roots, equal roots, imaginary roots. Particular integrals

Unit- II ( 12 Hrs):

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Definition, transforms of elementary functions, properties of linearity and shifting,

Inverse laplace transforms, transforms of derivatives, solution of ordinary and simultaneous differential

equations.

Unit- III ( 12 Hrs):

STATISTICS: No derivation of formula (application part), condensation of data collected, various forms of

frequency distribution, tabular presentation of data, structure of a table, simple table, complex table. Bar

diagram, graphical representation of frequency distribution, histogram, frequency polygon, cumulative frequency

curve, some common types of frequency distribution. Measure of central tendency : Calculation of arithmetic

mean, geometric mean, median, quartiles and mode.

Unit- IV ( 12 Hrs):

Measure of dispersion : Range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.

Fitting of curves using least square principle. Interpolation : Graphical method, curve fitting, Newton’s Gregory

method, Newton-Binomal method, Largranges method. Probability : Simple and compound events, mutually

exclusive events, independent events. Additive and multiplicative law of probability, use of binomial theorem,

characteristics of binomial distribution, fitting of binomial distribution and testing of goodness of fit. Normal

distribution, characteristics of normal distribution, fitting chi-square distribution – application of chi-square test of

goodness of fit. Comparison of a number of frequency distribution, finding association and relationship between

attributes.

Unit- V ( 12 Hrs):

Calculation of coefficient of correlation (Karl Pearson’s formula), rank correlation coefficient, calculation of

regression coefficient, regression lines, test of significance of large samples. Significance test of sample mean,

comparison of large samples. Significance test for proportions. Significance test of difference between means of

two samples – samples from same population (Universe), sample from different population. Fiducial limits for

unknown mean. Test of significance of small samples : t-distribution, use of t-distribution to test the significance

of the mean of the sample testing, the significance of the difference between the two sample mean, paired

samples when the size of sample same.

Books Recommended:

1. Integral Calculus by Gorakh Prasad, Pothishala Prakashan, Pvt. Ltd, Allahabad.

2. Laplace and Fourier Transforms by Goyal and Gupta, pragati prakashan, Meerut.

3. Fundamental of Mathematical statistics by ray and Sharma.

4. Fundamental of Mathematical statistics by Gupta and Kapoor.


PHSC 2102 Human Anatomy, Physiology and

Health Education 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Human Anatomy, Physiology And Health Education (Theory) Theory: 04 Hours/week:

Unit –I (12 Hrs.) : Scope of anatomy and physiology and basic terminology used in these subjects, Structure of cell, its components and their functions:

Elementary Tissues of the Human Body: Epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues; their sub-types and characteristics.

Unit –II (12 Hrs.) :

Skeletal Muscles: Their gross anatomy, physiology of muscle contraction, physiological properties of skeletal muscle and their disorders.

Haemopoietic System: Composition and functions of blood and its elements, their disorders, blood groups and their significance, mechanism of coagulation, disorders of platelets and coagulation.

Unit –III (12 Hrs.) :

Lymph and Lymphatic System: Composition, formation and circulation of lymph; disorders of lymph and lymphatic system. Basic physiology and functions of spleen.


Cardiovascular System: Basic anatomy of heart, physiology of heart, blood vessels and circulation. Basic understanding of cardiac cycle, heart sounds and electrocardiogram. Blood pressure and its regulation. Brief outline of cardiovascular disorders like; hypertension, hypotension, arteriosclerosis, angina, myocardial infraction, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.

Unit –V (12 Hrs.):

Health Education:

Concepts of health and diseases, disease agents and prevention of diseases.

Classification of food requirements balanced diet, nutritional deficiency disorders, their treatments and prevention.

Demography and family planning: Demography cycle, family planning, various contraceptive methods. Medical termination of pregnancy.

First Aid: Emergency treatment of shock, snake bites, burns, poisoning, fractures and resuscitation methods.

Books Recommended:

1. Drake R.L. , Vogel W. , Mitchell AWM, “Anatomy for students” , Elsevier Publication 2. Tortora G.J. Derrockson B., “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology”, John Willey & Sons 3. Guyton A.C., Halt J.E. “Text Book of Medical Physiology” , Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd. 4. Ross and Wilson “Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness” , Churchil Living Stone 5. C.C. Chaterjee, “ Human Physiology, Vol. – I , Medical Allied Agencies, Calcutta

Course Code Course L T Credits PHSC 2103 Pharmaceutical Engineering 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Engineering

Theory: 4h/week:


Introduction, elements of industrial stoichiometry

Flow of fluids: Manometers, mechanism of fluid flow, Bernoulli's theorem, friction losses, enlargement

and contraction losses, measurement of flow of fluids.

Transportation of fluids: Pipe joints, pipe fittings, pumps, transportation of gases, ejectors, compressors,

blowers.


Flow of heat: Classification of heat flow processes, compound resistances in series, flow through

cylinder, conduction through fluids. Overall coefficients, fluids in turbulent flow in clean pipes forced and

natural convection, condensing vapours. Radiation, rate of radiation, heat transfer by radiation and

convection. Tubular heaters, heat interchangers, inductive heating.

Evaporation: Types of evaporators, jacketed kettles, tube evaporators, forced circulation evaporators

and evaporator accessories. Evaporator capacity-heat and material balances, multiple effect

evaporation, capacity of multiple effect evaporators.


Distillation: Theory of distillation of mixtures (a) binary mixtures of miscible liquids, (b) binary mixtures of

immiscible liquids, (c) Rectification, rectifying columns, fractionating column and simple calculations.

McCabe Thiele method for calculation of theoretical plates, Plate efficiency. Industrial equipments for

vacuum, steam, reflux and molecular distillation.


Drying: Classification of dryers, compartment, tunnel, rotary, cylindrical, vacuum, spray and fluidized

bed dryers. Theory of drying, loss on drying and moisture content, equilibrium moisture content.

Principles of freeze drying, freeze dryers.

Safety Measures: Safety methods in pharmaceutical laboratories and works, mechanical, chemical,

electrical and fire hazards including inflammable gases and dusts.


Centrifugation: Centrifuges, Theoretical consideration, laboratory equipments, large scale equipments,

low temperature centrifuge for biological work.

Conveying: Types of conveyers, belt conveyers, chain conveyers, screw conveyers, pneumatic

conveyers. Conveyance of manufactured materials

Books Recommended: 1. An introduction to Chemical Engineering - Badger and Banchero. 2. Chemical Engineering - Richardson and Coulson. 3. Introduction to Unit 0peration - McCabe and Smith. 4. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy-Lachman,Lieberman and Kanig 5. Bentley's Text Book of Pharmaceutics - Rowlin.


PHSC 2104 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III

(Organic Chemistry-II) 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Organic Chemistry-II)

Theory: 4h/week:


Benzene Kekule structure, heat of hydrogenation and stability, C-C bond length in benzene, orbital

picture, aromatic character, Huckel‘s rule, mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic

substitution, theory of effect of substituent on reactivity and orientation.


Miscellaneous methods: diazotisation, Kjeldahl’c method of nitrogen estimation, Oxygen flask

combustion, gasometry, analysis of oils, fats and waxes.

(Hint for Unit III-V)The following topics should cover method of preparation, properties with special

emphasis wherever known:


� Relation of structures and properties like density , b.p., m.p., solubility etc.

� Arenes and its derivatives

� Phenols


� Aryl halides

� Sulphonic acids

� Poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalene, phenanthrenes


� Hetrocyclic compounds nomenclature, properties and reactions of pyridine, pyrrole and furan.

� Polymers and polymerization-Copolymerization, ionic polymerization, coordination polymerization.

Books Recommended: 1. R.T. Morrison and R.N. Boyd: Organic Chemistry, Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston (USA). 2. I.L. Finar: Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, ELBS and Longman Group Ltd., London. 3. L.M. Atherden: Bentley and Driver's-Textbookof Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Oxford University Press,

Delhi 4. F.G. Mann & B.C. Saunders: Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London and New York. 5. S.N. Pandeya: A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Heterocyclics & Biomolecules) Vol-II,

S.G.Publishers, Varanasi.


PHSC 2105 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I

Theory: 4 Hours/Week:

Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Definition, historical background, present status and future scope of Pharmacognosy, Definition of

selected Botanical terms and nomenclature used in Pharmacognosy.

Plant cell: cell organelles, their morphology and functions, Cell differentiation .

Introduction to Biosynthetic pathways and bimolecules.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.):

Sources of Drugs: Terrestrial, marine and microbes as source of medicine. Introduction to families such

as Apocynaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Gramineae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Pinaceae,

Ginziberaceae, Liliaceae, Solanaceae etc. as source of important phytopharmaceuticals.

Unit-III (12 Hrs):

Classification of crude drugs: Alphabetical, Morphological, Taxonomical, Pharmacological, Chemical

and Biogenetic classifications. Organized and unorganized drugs.

General Treatment with regard to occurrence, distribution, classification, chemistry and analysis of

carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

Study of following miscellaneous substances: Surgical fibers, Inorganic Pharmaceutical aids: Talc,

Kaolin, Bentonite, shilajit and common edible salts.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.):

Lipids and other constituents of following: Castor , Sesame, Olive, Almond, corn Cotton seed,

Linseed, Neem, Chaulmoogra , Fish products, Theobroma, Lard, Lanolin, Beeswax and Spermaceti.

Unit-V (12 Hrs):

Detailed study on unorganized drugs with source, collection, preparation, storage, diagnostic

characters, constituents, chemical tests, substitutes, adulterants and uses of the following:

Carbohydrate and related drugs: Agar, Isabgol, Starch, Honey, Bael, Pectin, Cellulose and Cellulose

derivatives, Alginates , Gum Acacia, Gum Tragacanth and other gums and mucilages of pharmaceutical

importance.

Proteins and protein products.

Books Recommended: 1. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry

2. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis

3. Pharmacognosy – Trease & Evans

4. Pharmacognosy – Brady & Taylor

5. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – V. K. Kapoor & S.S. Handa

6. Pharmacognosy – C. K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale

Course Code

Course P Credits

PHSC 2106 Human Anatomy, Physiology

And Health Education 3 1

Hours per week

Human Anatomy, Physiology and Health Education Practicals: 3 Hours/Week

Study of human skeleton

Study of different systems with the help of charts and models.

Microscopic study of different tissues.

Estimation of hemoglobin in blood, Determination of bleeding time, clotting time, R.B.C., D.L.C.and E.S.R.

Recording of body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure, basic understanding of electrocardiogram PQRST waves and their significance.

Books Recommended:

1. Semulingam and Prema Semulingam, “ Essential of medical Physiology” , Jaypee brothers, Medical

Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi

2. Goyal and Patel, “Practical Anatomy and Physiology”, B. S. Sah [Prakashan, Ahmedabad

Course Code

Course P Credits

PHSC 2107 Pharmaceutical Engineering 3 1 Hours per week

Pharmaceutical Engineering Practical: 3 hrs/week:

Experiments based on flow of fluids

Experiments based on flow of heat

Experiments based on distillation

Experiments based on drying

Experiments based on centrifugation

Experiments based on conveying.

Books Recommended: 1. An introduction to Chemical Engineering - Badger and Banchero.


3. Introduction to Unit O0peration - McCabe and Smith.




PHSC 2108 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III

(Organic Chemistry) 3 1

Hours per week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Organic Chemistry-II) Practicals: 3 Hours/week:

Synthesis, Purification, Characterisation (by using solubility, melting point, and percentage purity) of organic

compounds based on the theory like 2,4,6-trinitrophenol from phenol, Iodoform from ethyl alcohol,

Phthalidimide from phthalic anhydride, Aspirin, Phenyl urea, Flourescein, Methyl orange etc..

Books Recommended:

1. Vogel’s Text Book of practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. New York. 2. A.A. Siddiqui & Mohd. Ali: Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Delhi.

Course Code Course P Credits PHSC 2109 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I 3 1

Hours per week

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I Practicals: 3 Hours/week:

Studies on drugs of different morphology.

Experiments including techniques in microscopy covering section cutting, use of clearing agents, Staining agents,

mountants etc.

Use, care and focusing practices of microscope, microscopic examination of tissues and cells of herbal drugs in

section and powder form.

Histological examination and Tissue system study of at least one representative drug of each category e.g. leaf,

bark, root, rhizome, stem, fruit and seed.

Experiments on study of microscopic diagnostic ergastic characters in drugs belonging to various morphological

parts with reference to trichomes, epidermal cells, stomata, palisade, Sclerides, Vascular bundles, Secretory

glands , Starch grains and Calcium oxalate crystals.

Extraction of Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

Phyto-chemical study of unorganized drugs with reference to Chemical tests, Saponification Value, Acid value ,

Iodine value, Viscosity, Congealing points, Swelling capacity.

Study of Museum drugs.

Visit to Medicinal Plant Garden and preparation of report of the same.

Preparation of Herbarium sheet of at least one medicinal plant.

Books Recommended:

1. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry 2. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis 3. Pharmacognosy – Trease & Evans 4. Pharmacognosy – Brady & Taylor 5. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – V. K. Kapoor & S.S. Handa 6. Pharmacognosy – C. K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale


PHSC 2110 Environmental Studies 3 3

Hours per week

Environmental Studies

Unit 1 : Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies Definition, scope and importance. Need for public awareness

(2 lectures)

Unit 2 : Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources : Natural resources and associated problems.

a) Forest resources : Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and

their effects on forest and tribal people.

b) Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-

benefits and problems.

c) Mineral resources : Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case

studies.

d) Food resources : World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern

agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies.

e) Energy resources : Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy

sources. Case studies.

f) Land resources : Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification.

• Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources.

• Equitable use of resoureces for sustainable lifestyles. (8 lectures)

Unit 3 : Ecosystems

• Concept of an ecosystem. • Structure and function of an ecosystem.

• Producers, consumers and decomposers. • Energy flow in the ecosystem.

• Ecological succession. • Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.

• Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the

following ecosystem :-

a. Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem

d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) (6 lectures)

Unit 4 : Biodiversity and its conservation

• Introduction – Definition : genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.

• Biogeographical classification of India

• Value of biodiversity : consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values

• Biodiversity at global, National and local levels.

• India as a mega-diversity nation Hot-sports of biodiversity.

• Threats to biodiversity : habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts.

• Endangered and endemic species of India

• Conservation of biodiversity : In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. (8 lectures)

Unit 5 : Environmental Pollution: Definition

• Cause, effects and control measures of :- a. Air pollution

b. Water pollution

c. Soil pollution

d. Marine pollution

e. Noise pollution

f. Thermal pollution

g. Nuclear hazards

• Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and

industrial wastes.

• Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.

• Pollution case studies.

• Diaster management : floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. (8 lectures)

Unit 6 : Social Issues and the Environment

• From Unsustainable to Sustainable development

• Urban problems related to energy

• Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management

• Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies

• Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions.

• Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies.

• Wasteland reclamation.

• Consumerism and waste products.

• Environment Protection Act.

• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.

• Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act

• Wildlife Protection Act

• Forest Conservation Act

• Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation.

• Public awareness. (7 lectures)

Unit 7 : Human Population and the Environment

• Population growth, variation among nations.

• Population explosion – Family Welfare Programme. Unit 6 : Social Issues and the Environment

• From Unsustainable to Sustainable development

• Urban problems related to energy

• Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management

• Resettlement and rahabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies

• Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions.

• Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies. (7

lectures)

Book recommended

Text book for environmental studies by Erach Bharucha

B.PHARM. – III SEMESTER

Course Code

Course L T Credits

PHSC 3101 PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS 4 0 4 Hours Per Week

Physical Pharmaceutics

Theory: 4h/week

Unit – I (12 Hrs): State of matter: State of matter, gaseous state, liquid state, solid and crystalline state, liquid crystalline

state, phase equilibrium and phase rule (one component, two component system containing liquid phase

and solid & liquid phase), thermal analysis.

Kinetics and drug stability: Rate and order of reactions, factors affecting rate of reaction,

decomposition and stabilization of medicinal agents, kinetics in the solid state, accelerated stability

analysis Unit – II (12 Hrs): Diffusion and Dissolution: Steady state diffusion, procedures and apparatus, dissolution and drug

release, diffusion principles in biologic systems, vapour sorption and transmission, thermodynamics of

diffusion, diffusion and ecology.

Micromeritics: Particle size and size distribution, methods for determining particle size, particle shape

and surface area, methods for determining surface area, pore size, derived properties of powders. Unit – III (12 Hrs): Rheology: Introduction, newtonian system, Non Newtonian system, thixotropy, determination of

rheologic properties, viscoelasticity, psychorheology, applications to Pharmacy.

Surface and interfacial phenomena: Liquid interfaces, adsorption at liquid interfaces, adsorption at

solid interfaces, electrical properties of interfaces.

Colloids: Introduction, Types of colloidal systems, optical, kinetic and electric properties of colloids,

solubilization. Unit – IV (12 Hrs): Coarse Dispersions: Suspensions, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling in suspensions,

Emulsions, theories of emulsification, physical stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions,

rheologic properties of emulsions, phase equilibria and emulsion formulation, special emulsion

systems.

Complexation and Protein Binding: Metal complexes, organic molecular complexes, inclusion

compounds, methods of analysis, protein binding, complexation and drug action, crystalline structure of

complexes, thermodynamic treatment of stability constants. Unit – V (12 Hrs): Compaction and compression: Compression characteristics of powders and granules, physics of tablet

compression, measurement of punch forces, transmission of forces through powders, distribution of

forces in powder mass, factors affecting strength of tablets.

Crystallization: Introduction, Nucleation and crystal growth, crystal type, theory of crystallization,

batch crystallizers, simple vacuum crystallizers, prevention of crystals caking,

Books Recommended:

1. Physical Pharmacy - Martin, Swarbrick & Cammarata.

2. Physical Pharmaceutics - Schotton








Course Code

Course L T Credits

PHSC 3102 CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2 0 2 Hours Per Week

Cell and Molecular Biology Theory: 2h/week

Unit-I (6 Hrs.):

Cell theory: cell size and diversity.

Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Cellular organelles: plasma membrane, cell wall.

Transport of nutrients ions and drug substances across membranes, ion channels, endocytosis,

pinocytosis, potosis, diffusion and active transport systems.

Unit-II (6 Hrs.):

Mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, endosomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes their organization and

function.

Cellular energy transduction role of mitochondria and chloroplast systems.

Unit-III (6 Hrs.):

Cell cycle and cell division: meiosis, mitosis, molecular events in growth and cell death.

Cell receptors: role in signal transduction and cellular response.

Unit-IV (6 Hrs.):

Cytoskeleton: microtubules and their role in cell structural organization; intracellular trafficking and

cell motility.

DNA / RNA structure: Organization of genetic material, replication, DNA repair, chromosomal

morphology (condensation/decondensation).

Unit-IV (6Hrs.):

Transcription, RNA polymerase, transcription factors, regulatory element, mechanism of

transcription regulation, gene splicing, post transcriptional RNA modifications, 5’cap formation,

transcription formation, 3’endo polyadenylation, splicing, mRNA its stability and transportation,

translation, prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation machinery, initiation; elongation, regulation; co-

post translational modification of protein.

Books Recommended: 1. Molecular Biology by J.M. Walker & E.B. Gingold.

2. Molecular & Cell Biology by B. Albens.

3. Molecular Cell Biology by L. Lodish.

4. Molecular Cell Biology by David Freifelder.

5. Molecular & Cell Biology by Sheelar & Bianchi.

6. Cell & Molecular Biology by De Robertis & Robertis Jr. (VIII Edition).

7. Cell Biology by David E. Sadava.

8. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evoluation & Ecology by P.S. Varma. & V.K. Agrawal

9. Cell Biology by Satyesh Chandra Raoy, Kalyan.


Course Code

Course L T Credits

PHSC 3103 PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-IV

(CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCT)

4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry - IV (Chemistry of Natural Product)

Theory: 4h/week Unit –I (12 Hrs.)

Heterocyclic compounds: Nomenclature, structure and reaction of imidazoles, oxazoles, thiazoles,

pyrazole, pyran, pyrimidines, indole, purine, quinoline, isoquinoline, carbazole, acridine and phenothiazine.

Unit –II (12Hrs.)

Carbohydrates: Classification, monosaccharides, glucose, fructose and their reactions, configuration of

aldoses, cyclic structure of D-glucose, mutarotation and conformations, amino sugars, D-ribose, 2-deoxy D-

ribose, disaccharides, maltose, lactose, sucrose, polysaccharides, starch, cellulose, dextrin, glycogen, inulin,

dextrans.

Glycosides: Classification and methods of isolation alpha and beta D-methylglucoside, structure of salicin,

arbutin, amygdalin, sinigrin, anthraquinone glycosides, tannins, cardiac glycosides and saponins.

Unit –III (12 Hrs.)

Proteins and amino acids: Isolation and classification of proteins, hydrolysis, fibrous and globular

proteins, classification, methods of synthesis and properties of amino acids, nucleoproteins and nucleic acids

and general knowledge of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids, structure of nucleosides and nucleotides,

structure of nucleic acids.

Flavones & isoflavones, coumarines, porphyrines

Unit –IV (12 Hrs.)

Lipids fats oils and waxes,fatty acids: Characterization and their physico-chemical properties, general

knowledge of phospholipids ,lecithins, cephalines, sphingomyeline, glycolipids,lipoproteins.

Terpenes: Isolation, classification, general methods of determining structure with reference to citral,

carvone, thymol, menthol and camphor. An elementary treatment of rubber.

Unit –V (12 Hrs.)

Alkaloids: General methods of determining structure of alkaloids, classification with an acquaintance with

the structure of alkaloids of IP, structure elucidation of ephedrine, nicotine and xanthine derivatives like

caffeine, theobromine and theophylline.

Books Recommended:

1. Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry, Vol.-I and II, ELBS/Longman.

2. Acheson, “An introduction to heterocyclic compounds”

3. Indian Pharmacopoeia.

4. Hendrikson, Organic Chemistry


Course Code

Course L T Credits

PHSC 3104 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY 4 0 4

Hours Per

Week

Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Introduction to the scope of microbiology, Historical background, Scope of Microbiology

Classification of microbes and their taxonomy. Actinomycetes, bacteria, rickettsiae, spirochetes and

viruses.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.)

Identification of microbes: stain and types of staining techniques, electron microscopy.

Nutrition, cultivation, isolation and identification of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, viruses.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.):

Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods

A. Disinfection, factors influencing disinfectants, dynamics of disinfection, disinfectants,

antiseptics and their evaluation.

B. Sterilization: different methods, validation of sterilization methods and equipments.

C. Clean area classification

Sterlity testing of pharmaceutical products, preservative efficacy.

Microbial assay of antibiotics and vitamin B12.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.):

Immunology and immunological preparations: principles, antigens and haptens, immune system,

cellular and humoral immunity, immunological tolerance, antigen-antibody reactions and their

applications.

Hypersenstivity, active and passive immunization products, their preparation, standardization and

storage.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.):

Bacterial enzymes: Techniques of immobilization of enzymes, kinetics and factors affecting enzyme

kinetics. Study of enzymes such as hyaluronidase, penicillinase, streptokinase and streptodornase,

amylases and proteases. Immobilization of bacteria and plant cells.

Books Recommended:

1. G. Gunnz & S.J. Carter “Cooper & Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy”, 6th

ed., Pitman Medical Publishing Co.,

London 1972.

2. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russell “Pharmaceutical Microbiology”, 4th

ed., Blackwell Scientific Publication,

Oxford, 1987.

3. “Microbiology”- Davis, Dulbecco, Eisen.

4. “Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences” Gennaro A.R. Ed., 18th ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa, USA,

1990.

5. L.M. Prescott, G.P. Jarly, D.A. Klein, “Microbiology” 2nd

, ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Oxford, 1993.

6. S.P. Vyas, V.K. Dixit,”Pharmaceutical Biotechnology“1st ed. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi,

1998.

7. N.K. Jain,”Pharmaceutical Microbiology” Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.

8. K. Kieslich, Ed. “Biotechnology” vol. VI a, Verlag Chamie, Switzerland, 1984.

9. G. Reeves “Lecture Notes on Immunology” Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, 1987.

10. Laboratory Manual of Bacteriology- Salle


Course Code

Course L T Credits

PHSC 3105 PHARMACOGNOSY AND

PHYTOCHEMISTRY-II 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Unit-I (12Hrs.): Commerce in Crude Drugs: Collection, preparation, drying and storage of drugs with special emphasis on factors influencing

quality of drugs.

Volatile Oils: Chemistry and biogenesis of medicinally important monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenes.

Study of important drugs yielding essential oils like Mentha, Coriander, Cinnamon, Cassia, Lemon peel, Orange peel, Lemon

grass, Citronella, Caraway, Dill, Spearmint, Clove, Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Chenopodium, Cardamam, Valerian, Musk,

Palamarosa, Gaultheria, Sandalwood.

Unit-II (12Hrs.): Resins: classification and medicinal importance.

Study of some important resin containing drugs

Colophony, Podophyllum, Jalap, Canabis, Capsicum, Myrrh, Asafoetida, Balsam of Tolu,

Balsam of Peru, Benzoin, Turmeric, Ginger etc.

Tannins Classification, chemistry, uses and medicinal significance.

Important drugs of this category like Gambir, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu, Myrobalan etc.

Unit-III (12Hrs.): Proteins and enzymes: Sources, Preparation, Identification test, Chemical nature, and uses of papain, pepsin,

pancreatin, urokinase, diastase, trypsin, penicillinase, hyaluronidase.

Marine Pharmacognosy: Study of novel agents from marine sources

Unit-IV (12Hrs.): Quality Control and Standardization: Introduction, classification,and study of different chromatography methods and their methods and their applications in evaluation

of herbal drugs.

Extractive values, Ash values, Chromatographic techniques (TLC, HPTLC, HPLC), Concept of marker compounds

WHO Guidelines for rational use of herbal drugs

Unit V (12Hrs.): Herbal constituents as health foods and cosmetic ingredients, Natural allergens, photosensitizing agents, Fungal and mushroom

toxins, poisonous plants

Chemistry and biogenesis of medicinally important lignans, quassinoids and flavonoids

Concept of synergy in herbs

Radio Tracer Techniques and their utilization in elucidation of biosynthetic pathways in plants

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Pharmacognosy: Trease and Evans

2. Pharmacognosy: Tyler and Brady


4. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry

5. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis


7. Pharmacopoeia of India.


Course Code Course P Credits PHSC 3106 PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS 3 1

Hours per week

PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS

Practicals: 3 Hours/Week

1. Experiments based on phase rule,

2. Experiments based on dissolution and diffusion,

3. Experiments based on micromeritics,

4. Experiments based on rheology and thixotropy,

5. Experiments based on interfacial and surface tension,

6. Experiments based on colloids, suspensions, and emulsions,

7. Experiments based on complexation & drug protein binding,

8. Experiments based on compaction and compression,

9. Experiments based on crystallization.

Books Recommended:

1. Physical Pharmacy - Martin, Swarbrick & Cammarata.

2. Physical Pharmaceutics - Schotton









PHSC 3107 PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-IV

(CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCT)

3 1

Hours per week

Pharmaceutical Chemistry - IV (Chemistry of Natural Product)


1. Identification of organic compounds from a binary mixture.

2. Study the importance of different physicochemical properties to identify and establish the

purity of the natural products.

3. Analysis of oils.

Books Recommended:

1. Finar, I.L. Organic Chemistry, Vol.-I and II, ELBS/Longman.

2. Acheson, “An introduction to heterocyclic compounds”

3. Indian Pharmacopoeia.

4. Hendrikson, Organic Chemistry


Course Code Course P Credits PHSC 3108 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBILOGY 3 1

Hours per week

Pharmaceutical Microbiology


Experiments devised to prepare various types of culture media, sub-culturing of common aerobic and

anaerobic bacteria, fungus, and yeast, various staining methods, various methods of isolation and

identification of microbes, sterilization techniques and their validation evaluation of antiseptics and

disinfectants, testing the sterility of pharmaceutical products as per IP requirements, microbial assay of

antibiotics and vitamin B12.

Books Recommended:

1. G. Gunnz & S.J. Carter “Cooper & Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy”, 6

th ed., Pitman Medical

Publishing Co., London 1972.

2. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russell “Pharmaceutical Microbiology”, 4th

ed., Blackwell Scientific

Publication, Oxford, 1987.

3. “Microbiology”- Davis, Dulbecco, Eisen.

4. “Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences” Gennaro A.R. Ed., 18th

ed., Mack Publishing Co.,

Easton, Pa, USA, 1990.

5. L.M. Prescott, G.P. Jarly, D.A. Klein, “Microbiology” 2nd

, ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers,

Oxford, 1993.

6. S.P. Vyas, V.K. Dixit,”Pharmaceutical Biotechnology“1st ed. CBS Publishers & Distributors,

New Delhi, 1998.

7. N.K. Jain,”Pharmaceutical Microbiology” Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.

8. K. Kieslich, Ed. “Biotechnology” vol. 6a, Verlag Chamie, Switzerland, 1984.

9. G. Reeves “Lecture Notes on Immunology” Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, 1987.

10. Laboratory Manual of Bacteriology- Salle




PHYTOCHEMISTRY- II 3 1

Hours per week

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry- II

Practicals: 3 Hours/Week 1. Identification and Evaluation of Representative Pharmacopia Drugs belonging to categories mention in

theory in whole and powdered form by Morphology and Microscopy. 2. Phytochemical test for the crude drugs in mentioned in theory. 3. Extraction and isolation of important phytoconstituents including caffeine, piperine, solaneceous alkaloids,

podophyllotoxin,sennosides, glycyrrhizine. 4. Visit of Medicinal Plant Garden and preparation of report. 5. Study of Drugs of Herbal Museum.

Books Recommended:

1. Practical Pharmacognosy: C.K. Kokate and Purohit 2. Evaluation of Phytopharmaceuticals : Turner 3. Pharmacopia of India 4. Pharmacognosy: Trease and Evans 5. Pharmacognosy: Tyler and Brady 6. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry 7. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis 8. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – V. K. Kapoor & S.S. Handa

B.PHARM. IV SEMESTER


PHSC 4101 Human Physiology and

Pathophysiology of Common Diseases 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Human Physiology and Pathophysiology of Common Diseases

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Digestive system: Gross anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract, functions of its different parts including

those of liver, pancreas and gall bladder, various gastrointestinal secretions and their role in absorption

and digestion of food. Disorders of digestive system.

Respiratory system: Anatomy of respiratory organs and its functions, respiration, mechanism and

regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes and vital capacity.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.):

Central nervous system: Function of different parts of brain and spinal cord. Neurohumoral

transmission in the central nervous system, reflux action electroencephalopathy, specialized functions of

the brain, cranial nerves and their function.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.):

Autonomic nervous system: Physiology and functions of the autonomic nervous system. Mechanism of

neurohumoral transmission in the A.N.S.

Renal System: Various parts, structures and functions of the kidney and urinary tract. Physiology of

urine formation and acid base balance. Disease of the urinary system.

Sense organs: Basic physiology of the eye, ear, taste buds, nose and skin (superficial receptors).

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.):

Reproductive systems: Male and female reproductive systems, menstruation pathophysiology of

sexually transmitted disease, spermatogenesis, oogenesis and pregnancy.

Endocrine system: anatomy and physiology of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, control

of harmone secretion, pathophysiology of hypo and hyper secretion of endocrine glands and the

disorders e.g. diabetes mellitus.

Unit-V(12 Hrs.):

Phathophysiology of disorders related to digestive system peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, Crohns

disease, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, hepatic disorders- hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, pancreatitis.

Phathophysiology of arthritis, gout, myasthenia gravis, spasticity, tetany. Fatigue, Phathophysiology of

anemia, hypersensitivity, allergic conditions, psychosis, epilepsy, AIDS, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s

disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, Phathophysiology of cataract and glaucoma.

Books Recommended:

1. C.C. Chatterjee. Human Physiology.

2. J.W. Kathleen, Ross and Wilson. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness

3. G.J. Tortora and B. H. Derrickson. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th

edition. 2004. John

Wiley & Sons.

4. C. Arthur, M.D. Guyton, John E. Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology.

5. G. Pocock and C.D. Richards. Human Physiology: The Basis of Medicine. 3rd

edition. 2004.



PHSC 4102 Dosage Form Design 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Dosage Form Design

Unit – I (12 Hrs): 1. Preformulation study: (a) Study of physical properties of drug like physical form, particle size,

shape, density, wetting, dielectric constant, solubility, dissolution and organoleptic properties and

their effect on formulation, stability and bioavailability.

(b) Study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction, racemisation,

polymerization etc. and their influence on formulation and strength of products, stabilization and

stability testing protocol provision pharmaceutical products.

(c) Study of prodrugs in solving problems related to stability, bioavailability and elegancy of

formulation. Unit – II (12Hrs): 2. Polymer sciences: Introduction, classification and pharmaceutical applications of polymers,

Polymers as thickening agents, Preparing polymer solutions, Phase separation, Gel formation,

Mechanical properties of polymeric films, Future trends in pharmaceutical and other biomedical uses

of polymers. Unit – III (12 Hrs): 3. Process validation: Prospective, concurrent, ritroprospective and revalidation. Process capability

and statistical evaluation of process validation data. Process validation of following formulation:

Uncoated tablets, capsules, small volume injectables, oral liquids, ointment/cream. Regulatory

requirements for validation.

4. SOP for different dosage forms: Introduction and purpose of SOPs, benefits and types of SOPs,

SOP development and format. SOP of oral liquids, tablet and capsule manufacturing. Unit – IV (12 Hrs): 5. Optimization techniques in pharmaceutical operation and processes: Introduction, optimization

parameters, methods used for optimization, applications of optimization.

6. Good manufacturing practice for pharmaceuticals: Brief introduction of cGMP and GLP,

practice of GMP and WHO guidelines. Quality assurance and quality audit. Unit – V (12 Hrs): 7. Mixing: Mechanism of mixing, equipment and selection, solid-solid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid

mixers used in pharmaceutical industry.

8. Material for construction of Pharmaceutical Plant: The nature, properties and uses of important

materials employed in the construction of plants. Corrosion heat and corrosion resistant alloys and

other materials, methods of reducing corrosion, protective coating.

Books Recommended: 1. G. S. Banker and C. T. Rhodes. Modern Pharmaceutics. 4

th edition. 2002. Maecell Dekker.

2. Syad Imtiaz Haider. Pharmaceutical Master Validation Plan. Special Indian edition. 2001, CRC Press.

3. P.P. Sharma. How to Pracitise GMPs. A plan for total quality control. 2nd

edition, Vandana Publication.

4. Sidney H. Willig, Murray M. Tuckerman and William S. Hitchings IV. Good Manufacturing Practices for

Pharmaceutics: A Plan for Total Quality Control. 2nd

edition. Marcel Dekker.

5. A.R. Gennaro. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 18th

edition. Mack Publishing Co. Pennsylvania, USA 1990.

6. Gilbert S. Banker and Cristopher T. Rhodes. Modern Pharmaceutics Drugs and Pharmaceutical Science. Series vol. 7.

1979. M&D Inc. New York.

7. Leon Lachman. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. 2nd

edition, Indian Edition, 1976, K.M. Varghese Co.,

Bombay.

8. E.A. Rawlins. Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics,, 8th

edition, 1977, Bailliere Tindall, London, England

9. S.J. Carter-Cooper and Gun's Tutorial Pharmacy, VI Ed., 1072, Pitman Medical.

10. Pharmacopoeia of India, 1996, Controller of Publication. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India. Delhi,

11. British Pharmacopoeia, 1994.

12. A. Martin, J. Swarbrick and A. Cammarata. Physical Pharmacy. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia

13. D.H. Shah. SOP guidelines. 2004. Published by Business Horizones.



PHSC 4103 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Active, Passive immunization: Vaccines, types of Vaccines and principle involved, their preparations,

standardization and storage.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.):

Genetic Recombination, Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction, Protoplast fusion and gene cloning

and their applications. Development of hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies. Study of drugs produced

by biotechnology such as Activase, Humulin, Humatrope, HB etc.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.):

Antibiotics: Historical development of antibiotics. Antimicrobial spectrum and methods used for their

standardization. Screening of soil for organisms producing antibiotics, fermenter, its design, control of

different parameters. Isolation of mutants, factors influencing rate of mutation. Design of fermentation

process. Isolation of fermentation products with special reference to penicillins, streptomycins

tetracyclines and vitamin B12.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.):

Microbial Transformation: Introduction, types of reactions mediated by microorganisms, design of

biotransformation processes, selection of organisms, biotransformation process and its improvements

with special reference to steroids.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.):

Enzyme immobilization: Techniques of immobilization, factors affecting enzyme kinetics. Study of

enzymes such as hyaluronidase, penicillinase, streptokinase and streptodornase, amylases and proteases

etc. Immobilization of bacteria and plant cells.

6. Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of tissue cultures, their nutritional requirements,

growth and main features, Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacy.

Books Recommended:

1. S.P. Vyas and A. Mehta. Cell and Molecular Biology. CBS Publishers, New Delhi

2. S.P. Vyas and V.K. Dixit. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. CBS Publishers, New Delhi.

3. Elliott, W.C. & and Elliott, D.C. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd

edition, 2001. Oxford University Press

4. B.R. Glick and J.J. Pasternak. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA:

(1998) ASM Press Washington D.C.

5. S.B. Primrose. Molecular Biotechnology. 2nd

edition, 1999. Blackwell Scientific Publication.

6. Medical Immunology. 10th edition, International edition, Lange, McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN- New Delhi.

7. Oskar Zaborsky. Immobilized Enzymes. 1973. CRC Press, Degraland, Ohio.



PHSC 4104 Pharmaceutical Analysis I 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Analysis I

Theory: 4h/week


The course shall cover-computation of analytical results, Significant figures, Concept of error, Precision and

Accuracy, Standard deviations, Rejection of doubtful values with special reference to volumetric and

gravimetric analysis, Calibration of analytical equipments. Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, method of

expressing concentrations, primary and secondary standards.

Fundamentals of following volumetric analysis techniques-


Acid Base Titrations: Acid base concepts, Role of solvents, Relative strengths of acids and bases,

Ionization, Law of mass action, Common ion effect, Ionic product of water, pH, Hydrolysis of salt,

Henderson-Hesselbach equation, buffer solutions, Neutralization curve, Acid-base indicators, Choice of

indicators, mixed indicators, polyprotic systems, polyamine and amino acid systems, amino acid titration,

differential titration, Assay of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide etc.


Oxidation Reduction Titration: Concept of oxidation and reduction, Oxidation numbers, Half reactions,

Strength and equivalent weight of oxidizing and reducing agents, Theory of redox titrations, Redox

indicators. Redox titrations Principles and Techniques using potassium permanganate, potassium

dichromate, Cerric sulphate, Iodine-iodate, Bromide-bromate, Titanous chloride solutions.


Precipitation Titrations: General discussion, theory of indicators, argentimetric titrations, ammonium

thiocynate-silver salt titrations, Mohr’s method, Volhard’s method and Fajan’s method.

Gravimetric Analysis: Principle of gravimetric analysis, typical methods involving precipitation,

coagulation, incineration and digestion, procedures.


Group Estimations: Determination of aldehyde, ketones, hydroxyl, phenolic, carboxylic acid, methoxy

groups as applied to photochemicals.

Use of Polarimetry, Refractometry in analysis of drugs.

Books Recommended:

1. J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D. Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas. Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative

Chemical Analysis.

2. A.H. Beckett and I.B. Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Part I & II. The Athlone Press,

London

3. K.A. Connors. A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Johan Wiley & Sons.




PHSC 4105 Pharmacy Practice (Dispensing and

Community Pharmacy) 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmacy Practice (Dispensing and Community Pharmacy)

Theory: 4h/week


1. Prescription: Definition, parts, handling, sources of errors in prescriptions, knowledge of latin terms

commonly used in prescription writing and their translation into English. Modern concepts of dispensing

pharmacy.

1. Compounding of medication: Powders, Tablets, Capsules, Tablet triturates, Pills, Lozenges, Ointments,

Creams, Pastes, Jellies, Suppositories, Suspensions, Emulsions, Mixtures, Sprays, Inhalations, Paints.

Labeling of dispensed products.


2. Incompatibility: Physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities and their corrections.

3. Radiopharmaceuticals: Radioactivity and radionuclide, Production of radiopharmaceuticals, Radioactive

decay, Measurement of radiation, Radiopharmaceutical dosage forms, methods of radiation detection,

radiopharmaceutical having therapeutic/ diagnostic applications, storage and handling of radiopharmaceutical

products. Environmental control and protection against exposure to radiopharmaceuticals.


4. Community pharmacy: Introduction and management. Community Pharmacy Organization and structure of

retail and wholesale drug store- types of drug stores and design - Legal requirements for establishment,

maintenance of drug store, Dispensing of proprietary products, Maintenance of records of retail and whole

sale.

5. Inventory Control in community Pharmacy: Definition, various methods of inventory control. ABC, VED,

EOQ, Lead time, safety, stock.


6. Pharmaceutical care: Definition and principles of pharmaceutical care. Emergency treatment in shock,

snake-bite, burns, poisoning, heart diseases, fractures, resuscitation methods. Elements of minor surgery and

dressings.


7. Health education: WHO definition, health promotion care of child, pregnant & breast feeding women and

geriatric patient, role of pharmacist in family planning. Prevention of communicable diseases i.e.,

tuberculosis, hepatitis, leprosy, AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea.

Books Recommended:

1. Hoover ‘s Dispensing of medication. Mack Publishing.

2. Joseph Barnett Sprowls. Prescription Pharmacy.

3. S. J. Carter. Cooper and Gunn's Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students: Carter. 11th

edition. CBS Publishers.

4. N.K. Jain and S.N. Sharma. The Concise Pharmaceutical Dispensing. Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.

5. N.K. Jain. Health Education and Community Pharmacy. CBS Publishers.


Course Code Course P T Credits

PHSC 4106



Diseases (Practical)

3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Human Physiology and Pathophysiology of Common Diseases (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week

1. Study of different systems with the help of charts and models.

2. Microscopic study of different tissues.

3. Study of surgical instruments.

4. Recording of body temperature by various techniques.

Books Recommended:

1. Shukant R. Apte. Experimental Physiology.

2. Ramesh K. Goyal, Natyar M. Patel and Shailesh A. Shah. Practical Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry.

3. Sir John Y. Dacie and S. M. Lewis. Practical Haematology.



PHSC 4107 Dosage Form Design (Practical) 3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Dosage Form Design (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week

• Experiments on polymer science, mixing and standard operational procedure.

Books Recommended:

1. G. S. Banker and C. T. Rhodes. Modern Pharmaceutics. 4th

edition. 2002. Maecell Dekker.

2. P.P. Sharma. How to Pracitise GMPs. A plan for total quality control. 2nd

edition, Vandana

Publication.

3. A.R. Gennaro. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 18th

edition. Mack Publishing Co.

Pennsylvania, USA 1990.

4. Gilbert S. Banker and Cristopher T. Rhodes. Modern Pharmaceutics Drugs and Pharmaceutical

Science. Series vol. 7. 1979. M&D Inc. New York.

5. Leon Lachman. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. 2nd

edition, Indian Edition, 1976,

K.M. Varghese Co., Bombay.

6. E.A. Rawlins. Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics,, 8th

edition, 1977, Bailliere Tindall, London,

England

7. S.J. Carter-Cooper and Gun's Tutorial Pharmacy, VI Ed., 1072, Pitman Medical.

8. Pharmacopoeia of India, 1996, Controller of Publication. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,

Govt. of India. Delhi,

9. British Pharmacopoeia, 1994.

10.A. Martin, J. Swarbrick and A. Cammarata. Physical Pharmacy. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia



PHSC 4108 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

(Practical) 3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Practical)

Practicals: 3h/week

1. Estimation of the given protein sample by UV spectrophotometric method.

2. Preparation of standard curve of given protein by UV spectrophotomertic, Lowry and Bradford

method and determine the concentration of given protein sample by all the three methods.

3. Isolation and characterisation of DNA from cheek cell.

4. Preparation of standard curve of DNA by UV spectrophotomeric method and determine it

concentration and purity of given protein sample.

5. Isolation and characterization of DNA from onion.

6. Fermentation from yeast cell and determination of the concentration of ethanol produced.

7. Preparation and sterilization of nutrient broth and agar medium.

8. Aseptic transfer.

9. Extraction and estimation of tyrosin enzyme from yeast.

10. Immobilization of given enzymes in alginate beads.

11. Elucidate the effect of temperature pH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity.

12. Comparison of the activity of enzyme in its native and immobilized form.

13. Preparation of culture media its sterilization and performing plant tissue culture.

Books Recommended:

1. Methods in biotechnology and Bioengineering, By Vyas, S.P. and Kohli, D.V. CBS Publishers and

Distributors, New Delhi.

2. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry By Jayaraman, J. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.



PHSC 4109 Pharmaceutical Analysis I

(Practical) 3 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Analysis I (Practical)

Practicals: 3h/week

The students should have a clear understanding of the principle and working of a typical analytical

balance, the requirements of a good balance, precautions to be taken during handling of a balance,

methods of weighing and errors in weighing sensitivity of a two pan, one pan and a top pan balance.

The students should also be acquainted with the use of appropriate apparatus for various analytical

procedures.

� Study of balances and its parts (both mechanical & electrical).

� Calibration of glasswares and weights to be used narrating their importance.

� Preparation and standardization of acids and bases.

� Analysis of Mixtures of Carbonates.

� Preparation, standardization and storage of KMnO4, Iodine, Bromine, Cerric ammonium sulphate .

� Uses of the above mentioned chemicals for analysis of drugs.

Practicals involving:

1. Potassium permanganate, Iodine, Bromine, Cerric ammonium sulphate and Titanous chloride

(redox Titrations).

2. Argentimetric titration (Precipitation methods).

Books Recommended:

1. J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D. Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas. Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative

Chemical Analysis.

2. A.H. Beckett and I.B. Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Part I & II. The Athlone Press,

London

3. K.A. Connors. A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Johan Wiley & Sons.




PHSC 4110

Pharmacy Practice


Pharmacy) (Practical)

3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Pharmacy Practice (Dispensing and Community Pharmacy) (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week

Practice in Dispensing of not less then 100 prescriptions comprising of Solutions, Mixtures, Powders,

Tablets, Capsules, Lozenges, Ointments, Creams, Pastes, Jellies, Suppositories, Suspensions, Emulsions,

Sprays, Inhalations, Paints, Incompatibilities.

Books Recommended:

1. Hoover’s Dispensing of medication. Mack Publishing.

2. Joseph Barnett Sprowls. Prescription Pharmacy.

3. S.J. Carter. Cooper and Gunn's Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students: Carter. 11th

edition. CBS

Publishers.

4. N.K. Jain and S.N. Sharma. The Concise Pharmaceutical Dispensing. Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.

5. N.K. Jain. Health Education and Community Pharmacy. CBS Publishers.

B.PHARM. V SEMESTER Course Code Course L T Credits

PHSC 5101 Cosmetic Technology 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Cosmetic Technology

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.): 1. Introduction to cosmetics, their applications, origin and development of cosmetic sciences.

2. Basic knowledge of skin, role of hormones and vitamins in skin nutrition.

3. Dermatitis and allergy, primary irritants, photosensitization, allergy and antihistaminics in cosmetics.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): 4. Preservation, performance and evaluation of cosmetic materials.

5. Cosmetic colours: Natural and synthetic colours including plant and animal origin colours, lakes,

pigments and inorganic colours.

6. Perfumes in cosmetics: Synthetic, natural and artificial perfumes, classification of perfumes,

manufacturing and blending of perfumes.

(Hint for Unit – III to V ) Formulation, manufacturing and equipments used for the following types of

cosmetic preparations.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.): Skin creams and lotions, classification of skin creams, cold, vanishing, all purpose and emollient

creams, cleansing creams, foundation creams, hand creams, protective and barrier creams.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): Hair preparations: Shampoos, hair setting lotions, conditioners, hair tonics, hair bleaches, hair

colouring dyes, permanent waving, hair straightners, antidandruff preparations.

Face powders and makeup: Face powders, compact powder, cake make up, make up cream, Liquid

make up, stick make up and liquid powder, beauty masks.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): Coloured make up: Lipsticks, rouges and eye make up.

Manicure preparations: Cuticle remover, nail bleach, nail whites, nail creams, nail lacquer and

enamel remover.

Dental Products: Dentifrices and mouth washes.

Astringents and skin tonics.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED � J.C. Mac Chesney "Packaging of Cosmetics and Toiletries" Newness-Butterworth, London, 1974.

� M.S. Balsam & E. Sagarin "Cosmetics and Toiletries' 2nd ed. vol. 1-3, John Wiley and Sons, New York,

1974.

� E. Sagarin- Cosmetic Science and Technology, vol. 1-3, 2nd ed., 1974.

� J.S. Jellinek - Formulation and Function of Cosmetics, 1970.

� G. S. Banker and C. T. Rhodes: Modern Pharmaceutics, Second Edition, Volume 40, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,

New York, 1990.

� L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman and J. L. Kaing: The Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Vargheese

Publishing House, Mumbai, 1987.

� M. E. Aulton: Pharmaceutics, Science of Dosage Form Design.

� E.A. Rawlins: Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, University Printing House, Oxford, 1988.

� D.F. Williams and W.H. Schmitt: Chemistry and Technology of the cosmetics and Toileteries Industry.

� W.A. Poucher: Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps Vol. I, II and III Chapman and Hall London.

B. PHARM. V SEMESTER Course Code Course L T Credits

PHSC 5102 Biochemistry 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Biochemistry

Theory: 4h/week Unit-I (12 Hrs.): Biochemistry and its importance in Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Biochemical organization of the cell, production of cell energy, ATP and its biological significance.

biochemical importance of colloidal systems, Donnan effect.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): Enzymes: Classification, nomenclature, factors affecting enzyme action, enzyme kinetics, mode and

mechanism of enzyme action and inhibition, isozymes and their importance in diagnosis.

Vitamins as co-enzymes and their significance, metals as co-factors.

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Classification, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

hexose monophosphate shunt, uronic acid pathway, blood sugar and its regulation.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.): Lipid Metabolism: Oxidation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of fats, ketogenesis and ketosis. metabolism of

cholesterol. essential fatty acids and eicosanoids phospholipids, sphingolipids.

Biological oxidation and reduction, respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation. enzymes and co-enzymes

of Bioredox system.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): Metabolism of Amino Acids and Proteins: General biochemical reaction of amino acids like transamination,

deamination and decarboxylation. metabolism of sulphur containing amino acids, urea cycle, nitrogen

balance, biosynthesis of bile salts and bile pigments.

Metabolism of Nucleic Acids: Biosynthesis and catabolism of purines and pyrimidines containing

nucleotides.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): Biosynthesis of DNA and its replication, mutation and repair mechanism.

An introduction to genetic engineering, biosynthesis of RNA, genetic code and protein synthesis.

Liver and kidney function tests of biochemical importance.

Detoxification mechanisms like oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction & conjugation.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. D.W. Martin, P.A. Mays and V.M. Redwell, Harpers Review of Biochemistry, Lunge Medical

Publication.

2. Harpers Review of Biochemistry, Langue Medical Publication.

3. A.L.Lehninger, Biochemistry, Worth Publisher Inc.

4. A.L.Lehninger, Principle of Biochemistry, CBS publishers and Distributors.

5. L. Striae, Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman & Co. San Francisco.

6. B.Harrow and A.Mazur, Text Book of Biochemistry,W.B.Saunders Co.Philadelphia.

7. Text book of Biochemistry - West and Todd.

8. Elements of Biochemistry-O.P.Agrawal, Goel Publishing,House, Meerut


PHSC 5103 Medicinal Chemistry I 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Medicinal Chemistry I Theory: 3h/week


Introduction: General pathways of drug metabolism, phase I and phase II

Phase I- Oxidative reactions, cytochrome P-450 and flavin monoxygenases electron transport systems. The

oxidation reactions will be discussed giving suitable examples of xenobiotics, aromatic hydroxylation, alkene

epoxidation, oxidation of carbon adjacent to sp2 centers, oxidation of aliphatic and alicyclic carbon atoms,

oxidation of carbon nitrogen systems, oxidation of carbon sulphur systems, oxidation of halogenated compounds

having α hydrogen (halothane, chloroform, chloramphenicol etc), oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes.

Reductive reactions-reduction of carbonyl function, nitro group, tertiary amine oxides, reductive dehalogenation.

Hydrolytic reactions

Phase II- Glucoronic acid conjugation, sulphate conjugation, amino acid conjugation, glutathione conjugation,

acetyl and methyl conjugation.

Physicochemical and stereochemical aspects in relation to biological activity, drug receptor interactions.

(Hint For Unit-II to Unit-V : The following topics shall be treated covering chemical naming, structure activity

relationship, physicochemical and steric aspects, mode of action and uses. The emphasis would be mainly on BP

and IP drugs, synthesis of only those drugs given in parenthesis under each topic would be covered)

Unit –II (09Hrs.):

Adrenergic hormones and drugs including biosynthesis, storage, release and metabolism of catecholamines

(Adrenaline, isoprenaline, salbutamol, amphetamine and naphazoline)

Cholinergics and anticholinesterases including biosynthesis, storage, release and metabolism of Ach

(methacholine chloride, neostigmine bromide)

Unit –III (09Hrs.):

Antispasmodic & antiulcer drugs (cyclopentolate, propantheline bromide, benzhexol)

Antiparkinsonism drugs (apomorphine)

Neuromuscular blocking agents (gallamine triethiodide, succinylcholine chloride)

Unit –IV (09Hrs.):

Hypoglycaemic drugs (tolbutamide)

Thyroid hormones and antithyriod drugs (L-thyroxine, propylthiouracil)

Anticoagulants and haemostatic agents (warfarin, phenindione )

Unit –V (09Hrs.):

Oxytocics (including discussion on ergot alkaloids also) (ergometrine)

Antihistamines including discussion on sodium cromoglycate (mepyramine, diphenhydramine,

chlorpheniramine, promethazine)

NSAIDS includes anti-gout drugs also (Indomethacin, phenylbutazone, allopurinol, probenecid).

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

• Foye, W.C. “Principles of Medicinal Chemistry” Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia

• Wilson and Giswold’s “Textbook of Organic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry” J. Lippincott

Co., Philadelphia.

• Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Newyark

• Singh and Kapoor “A Text Book of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry” Vallabh Prakashan, New

Delhi.


PHSC 5104 Pharmacology-I 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Pharmacology-I Theory: 3h/week

Unit-I (09 Hrs.):

General Pharmacology: Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs. Dosage forms and different routes

of administration. Factors modifying drug action and dosage forms, pharmacodynamics – different types of

drug actions and their mechanisms. Adverse drug reactions.

Unit-II (09 Hrs.):

Pharmacokinetics: Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. Principles of basic and

clinical pharmacokinetics. ADME drug interactions. Bioassays of drugs and biological standardization

discovery and development of new drug (clinical and pre-clinical studies).

Unit-III (09 Hrs.):

Pharmacology of ANS: Neurohumoral transmission- autonomic and somatic, parasympathomimetic,

parasympatholytics, sympathomimetics, adrenergic receptors and neuron blocking agents, ganglion

stimulants and blocking agents.

Unit-IV (09 Hrs.):

Pharmacology of CNS: Neurohumoral transmission in CNS, general anesthetics, alcohol and disulfuram,

sedative and hypnotics, antianxiety agents and centrally acting muscle agents.

Unit-V (09 Hrs.):

Psychopharmacological agents (antipsychotics), antidepressants, antimaniacs, antiepileptic drugs,

antiparkinsonians. Narcotic analgesics and antagonists, drug addiction and drug abuse, local anaesthetics.

Drug for neurodegenerative disorders.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED � Barar F S K, Text Book of Pharmacology, Interprint, New Delhi.

� Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, William & Wilkins, Baltimore.

� Crossland J and Thomson J H., Essentials of Pharmacology, Harper and Row Publishers NY

� Craig C R and Stitzel R R, Modern Pharmacology, Little Brown and Company, 1994.

� Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, ELBS/Churchill Living Stone.

� DiFore Lea SHand Febiger, Atlas of Normal Histology, Philadelphia.

� Ghosh M N., Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta.

� Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics; Editors: J G Hardman, L E

� Guyton A C, Hall JE., Textbook of Medical Physiology,WB Sannders Company.

� Human Physiology, C C Chatterjee, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta.

� Human Physiology, Subhash Shalya, CBS Publishers & Distributors.

� Kulkarni S.K., Handbook of Experimentals Pharmacology, Vallabh Prakashan Delhi.

� Mycek M J, Gertner S Band Perper M M, Pharmacology Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews,

Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.

� Paul L., Principles of Pharmacology, Chapman and Hall.

� Rang MP, Dale MM, Riter lM., Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone.

� Tortora G J, and Anagnodokos N P, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Harper & Row

Publishers N. Y.

B.PHARM. –V SEMESTER Course Code Course L T Credits

PHSC 5105 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-

III 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-III Theory: 3h/week

Unit-I (9 Hrs.): Systematic Study of Crude Drugs: Including synonyms, biological / geographical sources, identification, chemical constituents, chemical tests, uses, adulteration and evaluation of glycosidal drugs of following groups: Anthraquinone glycosidal drugs: Senna, Aloe, Rhubarb, Cascara etc. Saponin glycosidal drugs: especially, Dioscorea, Solanum, Licorice, Senega, Ginseng. Cyanogenetic glycosidal drugs: Wild Cherry. Coumarins and Furanocoumarin glycosidal drugs including Psoralea. Miscellaneous glycosidal drugs: Gentian, Quassia, and Saffron etc.

Unit-II (9 Hrs.): Systematic Study of Crude Drugs: Including synonyms, biological / geographical sources, identification, chemical

constituents, chemical tests, uses, adulteration and evaluation of Alkaloidal drugs of following groups:

Indole alkaloidal drugs : especially Ergot, Nux-vomica, Rauwolfia, Catharanthus.

Isoquinoline alkaloidal drugs: including Ipecac, Opium, Curare.

Tropane alkaloidal drugs: Stramonium, Hyoscyamus, Datura, Belladonna, Duboisia etc.

Quinoline alkaloidal drugs: including Cinchona.

Pyridine alkaloidal drugs: especially Areca, Lobelia, Nicotiana.

Imidazole alkaloidal drugs: including Pilocarpus.

Quinazoline alkaloidal drugs: including Vasaka.

Steroidal alkaloidal drugs: especially Ashwagandha, Kurchi, Veratrum, Solanum.

Proto-alkaloidal drugs: Ephedra, Colchicum etc.

Terpenoid alkaloidal drugs: including Aconite.

Unit-III (9 Hrs.): Phytochemical Screening: Preparation of extracts, Phytochemical tests for detection of common plant constituents, Biosynthetic pathways for secondary

plant constituents, General principles of formation of primary and secondary plant metabolites. Biogenesis of medicinally

important glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, volatile oils and steroids.

Unit-IV (9 Hrs.): Utilization and production of phytoconstituents from aromatic and medicinal plants: Isolation of the following phyto-

constituents (including industrial methods):

Morphine, Quinine, Reserpine, Sennosides, Digitalis glycosides, Diosgenin, Menthol, Thymol, Rutin, Psoralen.

Unit-V (9 Hrs.): Classification and general treatment of alkaloids and glycosides of different categories including methods of isolations physico

chemical properties and chemical tests for identification.

Books Recommended:

1. Pharmacognosy: Trease and Evans 2. Pharmacognosy: Tyler and Brady 3. Pharmacognosy – C. K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale 4. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry 5. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis 6. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – V. K. Kapoor & S.S. Handa 7. Pharmacopia of India


PHSC 5106 Cosmetic Technology 3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Cosmetic Technology (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week Preparation of following types of cosmetic preparation based on the theory :

1) Creams:

i) Cold cream ii) Vanishing cream iii) Cleansing cream iv) Emollient cream v) All purpose cream vi)

Foundation cream

2. Face powders and make-up:

i) Face powder ii) Dusting powder iii) Compact powder iv) Liquid make up v) Stick make up vi)

Cake make up vii) Face mask viii) All purpose mask

3. Body Cosmetics:

Hand & Body lotion, Hand protective cream, Peeling lotion, Corn callus preparation, Foot cream,

Sunscreen Lotion

4. Baby Cosmetics:

Baby lotion, Baby cream, baby powder

5. Hair Preparation:

Liquid Shampoo, Cream Shampoo, Gel Shampoo, Brilliantine

6. Shaving Preparations:

i) Lather shaving cream ii) Brushes shaving cream iii) After shave powder

7. Coloured make up:

i) Lipstick ii) Lipslave iii) Pressed rouge iv) Wax based rouge v) Cake mascara vi) Cream mascara

vii) Eye shadow stick viii) Cream eye shadow ix) Liquid liner

8. Manicure Preparations:

i) Nail Lacquer ii) Nail enamel remover

9. Dental Product:

i) Mouth wash ii) tooth paste

10. Astringent and skin tonics:

Astringent stick astringent cream skin toner

11. Miscellanous:

Insectrepellant cream BOOKS RECOMMENDED

� E. Sagarin- Cosmetic Science and Technology, vol. 1-3, 2nd ed., 1974.

� B. M. Mittal. Textbook of Pharmaceutical formulation.

� W. A. Poucher: Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps Vol. I, II and III Chapman and Hall, London.

� L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman and J. L. Kaing: The Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy,

Vargheese Publishing House, Mumbai, 1987.


PHSC 5107 Biochemistry 6 0 2

Hours Per Week

Biochemistry (Practical)

Practical: 6h/week 1. Identification of carbohydrates (Scheme and identification) (glucose, fructose, lactos, mallose,

sucrose)

2. Identification of proteins (Scheme and identification) (casein, albumin, gelatin, peptone)

3. Quantitative estimation of carbohydrates (any one method) DNA reagent, anthrone reagent

4. Quantitative estimation of proteins (any one method): biuret reagent, Lowry’s Reagent.

5. Quantitative analysis of Urine for

a) Normal Constituent

b) Abnormal constituents

6. Isolation and purification of enzymes.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

� Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Vyas & Kohli

� Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry by J. Jayaraman, New Age Int. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

� Comprehensive Viva and Practical Biochemistry by A.C. Deb, New Central Book Agency, Calcutta.


PHSC 5108 Medicinal Chemistry I 3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Medicinal Chemistry I (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week Synthesis of compounds by the following name reaction:-

1) Friedel-crafts alkylation and acylation

2) Grignard reaction

3) Benzilic acid Rearrangement

4) Hoffmann-Bromamide reaction

Synthesis of selected drugs from the course content

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

• A.A. Siddiqui & Mohd. Ali: Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Delhi.

• Vogel’s Text Book of practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. New York.

• F.G. Mann & B.C. Saunders: Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London and New York.


PHSC 5109 Pharmacology-I 3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Pharmacology-I (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week 1. Use of computer simulated CD’s or videocassettes for pharmacology practicals whenever possible.

2. Preparation of different solutions for experiments. Drug dilution, use of molar and w/v solutions in

experimental pharmacology. Common laboratory animals and anesthetics used in animal studies.

Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology.

3. Study of different routes of administrations in mice and rats. To study the effect of hepatic microsomal

enzymes inhibitors and induction on the pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice.

4. Effect of autonomic drugs on the gastrointestinal tract of rats or guinea pig.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

� Kulkarni S.K., Handbook of Experimentals Pharmacology, Vallabh Prakashan Delhi.

� Ghosh M N., Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta.

� Mycek M J, Gertner S Band Perper M M, Pharmacology Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews,

Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.

B.PHARM. – V SEMESTER Course Code Course P Credits

PHSC 5110 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry- III 3 1

Hours per week

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry- III

Practicals: 3h/week Evaluation of drugs mentioned in theory using morphologic, microscopic and chemical methods.

Pharmacognostic study of some important drugs covered in theory.

Extraction of volatile oils and chromatographic studies.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. V.E. Tyler, L.R. Brady & J.E. Robbers, Pharmacognosy (9

th Edition), K.M. Varghese Company,

Bombay, India, 1988.

2. T.E. Wallis, Text Book of Pharmacognosy, J. & A. Churchill Ltd., London, 1967.

3.W.C. Evans, Trease and Evans, Pharmacognosy (14th

Ed.), Gopsons Papers Limited, Noida, India, 1997.

4. Egon Stahl, Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2nd Ed., Springer Verlag, New York, 1969.

5. E.J. Shellard, Quantitative Paper and Thin Layer Chromatography, Academic Press, New York (Latest

Edition).

6. C.K. Atal & B.M. Kapur, Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants, CSIR, India, 1982.

7. J.L. Real & E. Reinhard, Natural Products as Medicinal Agents, Hippocrates Verlag Shuttgart, 1981.

8. H. Wagner, S. Bladt, E.M. Zgainski, Plant Drug Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.

9. Yeshajahu Pomeranz and Clifton, E. Meloan, Food Analysis : Theory and Practice, The AVI Publishing

Co. Inc., West Port, 1971.

10. Paul M. Dewick, Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach, 2nd Edn. 2001, John Wiley &

Sons.

11. Practical Pharmacognosy – C. K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale

B.PHARM. VI SEMESTER

S. No. Course Code Course Name L* T* Credits

01 PHSC 6101 Pharmaceutical Industrial

Management 3 0 3

Pharmaceutical Industrial Management (Theory)

Theory: 3h/week

Unit- I (09 Hrs.):

Concept of Management: Administrative Management (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling), Entrepreneurship

development, Operative Management (Personnel, Materials, Production, Financial, Marketing, Time/space, Margin/Morale). Principles of

Management (Co-ordination, Communication, Motivation, Decision-making, leadership, Innovation, Creativity, Delegation of Authority /

Responsibility, Record Keeping). Identification of key points to give maximum thrust for development and perfection.

Planning and Decision making: Definition, importance of planning, steps involved in decision making, objectives, strategies, policies and

program.

Unit- II (09 Hrs.):

Economics: Principles of economics with special reference to the laws of demand and supply, demand schedule, demand curves, labor

welfare, general principles of insurance and inland and foreign trade, procedure of exporting and importing goods.

Accountancy: Principles of Account, ledger posting and journal entries, preparation of trial balance, columns of a cash book. Bank

reconciliation statement, rectification of errors, profit and loss account, balance sheet, purchase, keeping and pricing of stocks. Treatment

of cheques, bills of exchange, promissory notes and hundies, documentary bills.

Unit- III (09 Hrs.):

Production planning and control scientific purchasing, quality control, problems of productivity, stores organization, location of store,

receiving, inspection and issue of materials; control of stores and stocks, stores accounting and records.

Materials Management: A brief exposure or basic principles of materials management, major areas, scope, purchase, stores, inventory

control and evaluation of materials management.

Unit- IV (09 Hrs.):

Personnel Management Selection, appointment, training, transfer, promotion and demotion, remuneration, job evaluation, human relations.

Elementary knowledge of Factories Act.

Unit- V (09 Hrs.):

Pharmaceutical Marketing and market research:

a) Functions, buying, selling, transportation, storage, finance, feedback, information, channels of distribution, wholesale, retail,

departmental store, multiple shop and mail order business.

b) Measuring & Forecasting Market Demands-Major concept in demand measurement, Estimating current demand, Geodemographic

analysis, Estimating industry sales, Market share & Future demand.

c) Market Segmentation & Market Targeting.

Salesmanship Principles of sales promotion, advertising, Ethics of sales, merchandising, literature, detailing. Recruitment, training,

evaluation, compensation to the pharmacist.

Sales forecasting: Various methods, analysis, limitations and advantages.

Books Recommended

� Principles of Marketing, by Philips Kottler.

� Personnel management and Industrial Relations, by R.S. Davar.

� Personnel management, by Mamoria.

� Materials management, by Gopalkrisnan,and R.K. Rajput.

� Purchasing and Store Keeping, by D.R. Gupta, R.K. Rajput.

� Principles and Practice of Management - Peter Drucker.

� Principles of Management - Koontz O'Donnel.

� Business Organization and Management - Shukla.

� Business Organization - Ghosh.

� Principles of Industrial Organization - Kimball and Kimball.

� Double Entry Book Keeping - Batliboi.

� Professional Pharmacy - Jain and Sharma.

� D.A. Whetton and K.S. Cameron, Developing Management Skills, New York: Harper Collins, 1995, 72-73.



PHSC 6102 Pharmaceutical Analysis-II 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Analysis-II (Theory)

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.): Theoretical consideration and application in drug analysis and quality control of following analytical techniques.

Solvent extraction methods, counter current distribution technique.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): Chromatography - Column chromatography: adsorption and partition theory, preparation, procedure and methods of

detection. Thin layer chromatography theoretical consideration, preparation, procedure and detection of compounds.

Paper chromatography: theory of partition, different techniques employed and different grades of papers used

qualitative and quantitative detection. Gas chromatography: introduction, fundamental of column operations and

detection. Ion exchangers: types of exchangers, mechanism of ion exchange and column operation. Counter current

extraction, ultra centrifugation and gel filtration. HPLC and HPTLC.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.): Potentiometry - Theoretical consideration, ion selective electrode, measurement of potential, location of end point,

equipment, analytical application, direct measurements of metal concentration, differential curves, determination of

Ksp, pH measurements, dead stop titration, pH meter, pH definition, relation of pH to potential, equipment,

application.

Conductometric and hi frequency titration and their application.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): Coulometric titrations - Its basic principles and application.

Non-aqueous titrations- General discussion and principle of titrations in non aqueous media, aprotic, protophilic,

protogenic and amphiprotic solvents. Titrations with perchloric acid, potassium methoxide and tetrabutyl ammonium

hydroxide.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): Complexometry - Principles of complexometric titrations, chelating agent, indicators, titrations with disodium

edentate.

Titrations using sodium nitrite, estimation of nitrogen content by Kjehldahl’s method, moisture content determination

by Karl-Fischer titration.

Books Recommended

Vogel’s, Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis.

E. Stahl: Thin Layer Chromatography Springer, Verlag, Berlin.

HHWillard, L.L. Merritt and J.A. Dean: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.



PHSC 6103 Medicinal Chemistry-II 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Medicinal Chemistry-II (Theory)

Theory: 3h/week

Unit-I (09 Hrs.) 1. Steroids:

a) Introduction, Nomenclature, stereochemistry, simple reactions of cholesterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, diosgenin,

solasodine, bile acids, biosynthesis of testosterone, 17 β estradiol , aldosterone from cholesterol.

b) Estrogens - synthesis of estradiol from cholesterol and diosgenin, ethinylestradiol from estrone, nonsteroidal

estrogens, synthesis of diethylstilbesterol, SAR among estrogens, progestational agents, synthesis of progesterone

from diosgenin and stigmasterol, ethisterone ftom dehydroepiandrosterone, oral contraceptives, SAR of progestine.

c) Androgens and anabolic agents - Synthesis of testosterone from diosgenin, methyltestosterone from

dehydroepiandrosterone, methandienone from methyl testosterone, stanozolol from testosterone

d) Aderenocorticoids - glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, modifications in structure of hydrocortisone, SAR among

glucocorticoids.

(Hint for Unit II to V: - Chemical naming and uses of compounds official in IP/BP in all the classes will be cocered, the

folloeing topocs shall be treates covering chemical naming, structure activity relationship, physicochemical and steric aspects,

mode of action and uses, the emphasis would be mainly on BP and IP drugs, synthesis of only those drugs given in parenthesis

under each topic would be covered.)

Unit-II (09 Hrs.): a) General anaesthetic agents: Introduction, medicinal aspects of anaesthetics, mode of action, gases and volatile liquid

anaesthetics, intravenous anaesthetics of fixed anaesthetics, toxicity of general anaesthetics (divinyl ether, ethyl

chloride, cyclopropane, thiopentone sodium, ketamine)

b) Local anaesthetic agents: Introduction, SAR, benzoic acid derivatives, aminobenzoic acid derivatives, lidocaine

derivatives, miscellaneous, toxicity, mode of action (benzocaine, procaine hydrochloride, mepivacaine, lidocaine,

cinchocaine hydrochloride)

c) Sedatives hypnotics: Introduction, classification, SAR, barbiturates, amides and imides, alcohols, and their

carbamate derivatives, aldehydes and their derivatives, mode of action, pharmacological properties and side effects

(barbitone, phenobatnitone, cyclobarbitone, pentobarbitone sodium, thiopentone sodium) non barbiturates (official

drugs),

Unit-III (09 Hrs.): d) Anticonvulsants: Introduction, classification of epilepsy, SAR, barbiturates (official drugs), hydantoins,

oxazolidinediones, succinamides, miscellaneous dregs, phenytoin siodium, troxidone

e) Opioid analgesics: Morphine and related drugs, synthetic modifications of morphine, codeine, thebaine

f) Totally synthetic analgesics, morphinans(N methylmorphinan and 3 hydroxy N-methylmorphinan), 6,7-

benzomorphans, 4 phenylpiperidines (pethidine, methadone and isomethadone), endogenous opioid peptides, opioid

antagonists(nalorphine)

Unit-IV (09 Hrs.): g) Antitussives: Centrally acting antitussives, opium alkaloids and their modifications, synthetic antitussives,

peripherallu acting antitussives, expectorants

h) CNS stimulants: CNS stimulants of natural origin, synthetic CNS stimulants (nikethamide, methylxanthines and

modified methylxanthines (theophylline))

i) Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, trifluperazine, butyrophenones,

miscellaneous), antidepressants- TCA (amitriptyline), MAO inhibitors, atypical antidepressants, antianxiety drugs-

meprobamate and related drugs, benzodianepines (diazepam)

Unit-V (09 Hrs.):

j) Hallucinogens-hallucinogenic agents related to indoles, phenethylamines, cannabinoids.

k) Diuretics: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide and dichlorphenamide), Thiazides and related drugs

(bendrofluazide), High ceiling diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, other potassium sparing diuretics, osmotic

diuretics.

l) CVS agents: Introduction, cardiac glycosides, SAR, mechanism of action, toxic effects, antihypertensive agents-

introduction, etiology, ganglion blocking agents, antiadrenergic agents, drugs acting directly on smooth muscles,

drugs acting in CNS (propranolol), antianginals and vasodilators- introduction, mechanism of smooth muscle

vasodilatation, esters of nitrous and nitric acid, side effects(nitroglycetine), antiarryhthmic and antifibrillytic drugs

classification of antiarrhythmic drugs, mechanism of action, side effects, antilipemic drugs.

Books Recommended

� Foye, W.C. “Principles of Medicinal Chemistry” Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia

� Wilson and Giswold’s “Textbook of Organic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry” J. Lippincott Co.,

Philadelphia.

� Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Newyark

� Singh and Kapoor “A Text Book of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry” Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi.



PHSC 6104 Pharmacology-II 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Pharmacology-II (Theory)

Theory: 3h/week

Unit-I (09 Hrs.):

Pharmacology of cardiovascular systems

a) Digitalis and cardiac glycosides.

b) Antihypertensive drugs.

c) Antianginal and vasodilator drugs, including calcium channel blockers and beta adrenergic antagonists.

d) Antiarrythmic drugs.

e) Antinyperlipidimic drugs

f) Drugs used in therapy of shock.

Unit-II (09 Hrs.):

Drugs acting on hemopoetic systems

a) Hematinics.

b) Anticoagulants, vitamin K and haemostatic agents.

c) Fibrinolyticand antiplatelet drugs.

d) Blood and plasma volume expanders.

Unit-III (09 Hrs.):

Drugs acting on urinary system

a) Fluid and electrolyte balance.

b) Diuretics.

Unit-IV (09 Hrs.):

Autacoids

a) Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists.

b) Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes.

c) Pentagastrins, cholecytokinin, angiotensin, bradykinin and substance P.

Unit-V (09 Hrs.):

Drugs acting on respiratory system

a) Antiasthamatic drugs including bronchodilators.

b) Antitussive and expectorant.

c) Respiratory stimulants.

Books Recommended

� Barar F S K, Text Book of Pharmacology, Interprint, New Delhi.

� Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, William & Wilkins, Baltimore.

� Crossland J and Thomson J H, Essentials of Pharmacology, Harper and Row Publishers NY

� Craig C R and Stitzel R R, Modern Pharmacology, Little Brown and Company, 1994.

� Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, ELBS/Churchill Living Stone.

� Di Fore Lea SH and Febiger, Atlas of Normal Histology, Philadelphia.

� Ghosh MN, Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta.

� Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics; Editors: J G Hardman,

� Guyton A C, Hall JE, Textbook of Medical Physiology,WB Sannders Company.

� Chatterjee C C, Human Physiology, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta.

� Shalya S, Human Physiology, CBS Publishers & Distributors.

� Kulkarni SK, Handbook of Experimentals Pharmacology, Vallabh Prakashan Delhi.

� Mycek MJ, Gertner SB and Perper MM, Pharmacology Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews, Lippincott Company,

Philadelphia.

� Paul L, Principles of Pharmacology, Chapman and Hall.

� Rang MP, Dale MM and Riter lM, Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone.

� Tortora GJ, and Anagnodokos NP, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Harper & Row Publishers. NewYork


S. No. Course Code Course Name L* T* Credits

01 PHSC 6105 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Technology 4 0 4

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology (Theory)

Theory: 4h/week


1) Liquid Dosages Forms: Introduction, type, additives used in formulations, vehicles, stabilizers,

preservatives, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, solubilizers, colors, flavors etc. Manufacturing,

packaging and evaluation of clear liquids, suspensions and emulsions official in IP.

2) Semisolid Dosage Forms: Definitions, types, mechanism of drug penetration through skin, factors

influencing penetration, semisolid bases and their selection, General formulation of semisolids,

manufacturing procedure, evaluation and packaging.


3) Tablets:

a) Formulation of different types of tablets, granulation methods, technology of production of granules

on large-scale by various techniques, physics of tablets making, tablets compression machinery of

different types and the equipments employed, evaluation of tablets.

b) Coating of tablets: Types of coating, film forming materials, formulation of coating solution,

equipments for coating, coating process evaluation of coated tablets.


4) Capsules: Advantage and disadvantages of capsule dosage form, material for production of hard gelatin

capsules, size of capsules, methods of capsule production, soft gelatin capsule shell and capsule content,

importance of base absorption and minim/gm factors in soft capsules, quality control, stability testing

and storage of capsule dosage forms.

5) Ophthalmic Preparations: Requirements, formulation, methods of preparation, containers, evaluation.

6) Pharmaceutical Aerosols: Definition, propellants, general formulation, manufacturing, packaging and

evaluation methods, pharmaceutical applications.


7) Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products Packaging components, types of specifications and methods of

evaluation, stability aspects of packaging and packaging equipments, factors influencing choice of

container, legal and other official requirements for containers, package testing.

8) Pilot plant scale up techniques.


9) Parenteral Products:

a) Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection, pyrogenicity, non aqueous

vehicles, isotonicity and methods of its adjustment

b) Formulation details, containers and closures and selection.

c) Prefilling treatment, washing of containers and closures, preparation of solution and suspensions,

filling and closing of ampoules, vials, infusion fluids, lyophillization & preparation of sterile

powders, equipment for large scale manufacture and evaluation of parenteral products.

d) Aseptic Techniques-source of contamination and methods of prevention, Design of aseptic area,

Laminar flow bench services and maintenance.

e) Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.

Books Recommended

� Gilbert S, Banker and Cristopher T. Rhodes - Modern Pharmaceutics Drugs and Pharmaceutical

Science Series vol. 7, 1979, M&D Inc. New York.

� Lachman L, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 2nd edition, Indian Edition, 1976,

K.M.Varghese Co. Bombay.

� Rawlins EA, Text Book of Pharmaceutics, 8th edition, 1977, Bailliere Tindall.

� Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 1985, Mack Publishing Co., Eastern, Pa.

� Carter SJ, Cooper and Gun's Tutorial Pharmacy, VI Ed., 1072, Pitman Medical.

� Pharmacopoeia of India, Government of India.

� British Pharmacopoeia.

� Mittal BM, Textbook of Pharmaceutical Formulation, 4th Edition, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.



PHSC 6106 Pharmaceutical Analysis II 6 0 2

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Analysis II (Practical)

Practicals: 6h/week

Complexometric Titrations: Preparations and standardization of EDTA solution, pharmacopoeia

assays like Milk of Magnesia, Al(OH)3 gel, Calcium gluconate injection, HgCl2, etc., by

complexometric titrations.

Miscellaneous Determinations: Assays involving titration with diazotization (Assay of

sulfonamides), Estimation of nitrogen content by Kjeldahl’s method, Moisture determination by

Karl-Fischer titration.

TLC and paper chromatographic analysis of some pharmaceutical products.

Exercises based on acid bas titration in aqueous and non-aqueous media and oxidation-reduction

titrations using potentiometric technique, Determination of acid-base disassociation constants and

plotting of titration curves using pH meter.

Exercises involving polarimetry and conductometry.

Books Recommended

� Beckette and Stenlake, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vol. I & II The Athlone Press, London

� Vogel’s “ Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”

� E. Stahl: Thin Layer Chromatography Springer, Verlag, Berlin.

� Willard HH, Merritt LL and Dean JA: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Van Nostrand Reinhold,

New York.

B. PHARM. VI SEMESTER


PHSC 6107 Medicinal Chemistry-II 3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Medicinal Chemistry-II (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week

Synthesis of selected drugs from the course content.

Spectral analysis of the drugs synthesized

Exercises on the pharmacopoeial standard of the drugs

Books Recommended

� Vogel’s Text Book of practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. New York.

� Mann F.G. and Saunders BC, Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London and New York.

� Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health, Delhi.

� Siddiqui AA and Mohd. Ali, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Delhi.

B. PHARM. VI SEMESTER


PHSC 6108 Pharmacology-II 3 0 1

Hours Per Week

Pharmacology-II (Practical)

Practical: 3h/week

Recording of spontaneous motor activity. Stereotype – analgesia, anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory and

muscle relaxants activities of drug using simple experiments.

Books Recommended

� Kulkarni SK, Handbook of Experimentals Pharmacology, Vallabh Prakashan Delhi.

� Ghosh M N, Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta.

� Mycek MJ, Gertner SB and Perper MM, Pharmacology Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews, Lippincott

Company, Philadelphia.


S. No. Course



Manufacturing Technology 6 2

PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY (Practical)

Practicals: 6h/week

1) Experiments to illustrate preparation, stabilization, physical and biological evaluation of

pharmaceutical products like powders, capsules, tablets, parenterals, microencapsulation, surgical

dressing etc.

2) Evaluation of materials used in pharmaceutical packaging.

Books Recommended

� Gilbert S, Banker and Cristopher T. Rhodes - Modern Pharmaceutics Drugs and Pharmaceutical

Science Series vol. 7, 1979, M&D Inc. New York.

� Lachman L, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 2nd edition, Indian Edition, 1976,

K.M.Varghese Co. Bombay.

� Rawlins EA, Text Book of Pharmaceutics, 8th edition, 1977, Bailliere Tindall.

� Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, 1985, Mack Publishing Co., Eastern, Pa.

� Carter SJ, Cooper and Gun's Tutorial Pharmacy, VI Ed., 1072, Pitman Medical.

B.PHARM. VII SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)


PHSC 7101 Medicinal Chemistry-III 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Medicinal Chemistry-III

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (09 Hrs.):

Principles of drug design: Traditional analogue, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and

mechanism based approaches. A brief introduction to graph theory, application of mechanism based

approaches. Application of quantum mechanics, computer aided drug designing (CADD) and molecular

modelling. Introduction to QSAR

Unit-II (09Hrs.):

Prodrug design

Vitamins excluding detailed study of constitution.

Metabolite antagonism-basic concepts, active site directed irreversible enzyme inhibitors, mechanism based

enzyme inhibitors, dihydrofolate synthetase inhibitors, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, amino acid

antagonists, antagonists directed against nucleic acids, β-lactamase inhibitors.

Urinary antiseptics quinolones, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantion

Disinfictants and antiseptics

Diagnostic agents

(Hint for Unit III to V : - The following topics shall be treated covering chemical naming, structure activity

relationship, physicochemical and stero aspects, mode of action and uses. The emphasis would be only on

BP and IP compounds. Synthesis of only those drugs given in parentheses under each topic would be

covered.)

Unit-III (09 Hrs.):

Sulphonamides, development, nomenclature and classification, antimicrobial spectrum, drug resistance,

synergism with dihydrofolate reductaste inhibitors, toxicity and side effects, reduction of crystal urea,

physicochemical properties and biological activity, protein binding and distribution, metabolism,

sulphonamides and trimethoprim combination (sulphanilamide, sulphacetamide, sulphadiazine,

sulphadimethoxine, sulphamethazole and sulphamethoxazole)

Antibiotics- classification, cycloserine, chloramphenicol, penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides,

tetracyclines, polypeptides (chloramphenicol)

Antimycobacterial agents- Introduction to mycobacterium, development of antimycobacterium agents and

their use in therapeutics (dapsone, sulfoxone sodium, solapsone, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, para

aminosalicylic acid, pyrazinamide and ethionamide)

Unit-IV (09 Hrs.):

Antimalarials: Quinoline and analogues, 8-amino quinolines, 9- amino acridines, 4- amino quinolines,

diamino pyrimidine, biguanides (primaquin, mepacrine, chloroquin , pyrimethamine)

Antiamoebic agents: Emetine hydrochloride, quinoline derivatives, metal free substances, diloxanide

furoate, metronidazole, organometallic compounds, acetarsol (diodohydroxyquinoline, diloxanide)

Drugs used for trypanosomiasis and other protozoal diseases

Anthelmintics drugs used in cestide infections, drugs used in trematode infections, drugs for intestinal

nematode infections, antifilarial agents (niclosamide , hexylresorcinol, diethylcarbamazine citrate,

thiabendazole)

Unit-V (09 Hrs.):

Antifungal agents, antibiotics, griseofulvin, amphotericin, candicidine, nystatin, synthetic antifungal agents,

salicyclic acid, miconazole elcomazole, tolanflate, flucotosine, dithranol and chlorphenesin

Antineoplastic agent- Introduction, characteristic of cancer cell, cell growth cycle, causes of cancer,

antimetabolites, 6-thioguanine, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, cytarabine, 5-flurouracil and dacarbazine,

alkylating agents, mechlorethamine, melphalan, busulphan, mitomycin, cisplatin, thiotepa, chlorambucil,

carmustine, lomustine, cyclophosphamide, DNA intercalating agents, doxorubicin, daunorubicin,

mitoxantrine, antibiotics, dactinomycin, bleomycin, mithramycin, anthramycin, antimitotic agents,

vincristine, vinblastine, miscellaneous agents, procarbazine, asparaginase, interferones, hydroxyurea.

Antiviral agents- introduction to DNA, RNA and retroviruses, viral replication, amantidine hydrochloride,

interferones, acyclovir, idoxuridine, trifluorothymidine, vidarabine, cytarabine, ribavirin, methisazone,

zidovudine.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) Foye, W.C., Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

2) Wolff , M.E. Ed., Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

3) Hansch, C., Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Pergarnon Press, Oxford.

4) Delagado, J.N. and Remers, W.A.R, Wilson and Giswold’s Text Book of Organic,Medicinal and

Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.Lippincott Co., Philadelphia.

5) Kar, A., Medicinal Chemistry, Willey Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

6) Patrick, G., An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Scientific Distributors, Mumbai.

7) Malone, Dyson and Purey, May’s Chemistry of Synthetic Drugs.

8) Singh H.K., Kapoor, V. K., Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi

9) Thomas, G., Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.



PHSC 7102 Pharmaceutical Analysis III 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

Pharmaceutical Analysis III

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Electromagnetic radiations – Nature of electromagnetic radiations, the interaction between energy and

matter, applications of quatum mechanics theory, the absorption of energy by atoms and molecules, the

emission of radiant energy by atom and molecules: refraction and diffraction

Ultraviolet and Visible spectrophotometry- Electronic excitation, quantitative laws, deviation from beers

law, graphical presentation of data, chromophores, photometric errors, instrumentation (light sources,

prism, & grating, monochromators, photoemissive & photomultipliers tubes), single& double beam

instruments, steps in spectrophotometric measurements (sample handling; amplification and radiation of

detectors, selection of wavelengths & bandwidth), concentration and optimum absorbance value,

applications (direct & indirect methods, analysis of mixture).

Unit-II (12 Hrs.)

Flame photometry- Origin of spectra, atomization and ionization, instrumentation (nebulizer, mirrors,

burners, slits, monochromators and detectors), background emission, interferences, qualitative

applications in pharmaceutical analysis.

X Ray-spectrometry - An introduction to the theory of X ray spectroscopy [miller, space lattice and unit

cell, bravais lattices]. Interplaner spacing in crystal system. Diffraction of X -ray by crystal, bracgg

equation, powder method, x- ray diffraction pattern of cubic system [NaCl], application on

pharmaceutical analysis.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy- Theory of absorption of radiant energy by atoms, equipment,

analytical applications.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.):

Flourometric analysis- Theory, quantitative description, experimental factors effecting fluorescence

intensity, factors effecting I0 & f directly, relationship of fluorescence to molecular structure,

instrumentation (cells, light sources, wavelength selection, detectors), correction of spectra,

pharmaceutical applications.

IR spectrophotometry- Theory, characteristics, absorption bands of organic functional group,

interpretation of IR absorption spectra, frequency range, band width, and scan speed, concentration

range and absorbance value, preparation of samples, sample cell, IR instrumentation (light source,

monochromator detectors) qualitative and quantitative application in pharmaceutical analysis, analytical

shortcomings

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.):

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy- An introduction to theory of NMR, magnetic properties of

the nuclei, nuclear magnetic movements, absorption of energy, chemical shifts, shielding and

deshielding, spin-2 coupling, NMR instrumentation, typical spectra, analytical applications in

pharmaceutical analysis.

Mass spectrometry- Instrumentation, basic principles determination of molecular formula, recognition of

molecular ion peak, fragmentation, mass spectra of simple compounds [saturated hydrocarbon].

Unit-V (12 Hrs.):

Use of electrophoresis method in drug analysis.

Polarography and its application- Theory, mass transport processes, current potential relationship,

polarization, choice of electrodes, instrumentation, effect of oxygen, calculation of concentration,

laboratory design and safety

Amperometric titration and its application.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) Svehla, G. Vogel’s Text Book of Micro and Semi Micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Orient

Longman, Hyderabad.

2) Beckett, A.H. and Stenlake, J.B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Athlone Press of the

University of London.

3) Chatten, L.G., Text Book of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York.

4) Connors, K,.A., A Text Book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Wiley Interscience, New York.

5) Higuchi, J. and Hansen E.B., Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interscience Publisher, John Willey and Sons,

New York, Sydney.

6) Silverstein,R.M., Bassier, G.C., and Morril,T.C., Spectrophotometric Identification of Organic

Compounds, John Wiley and Sons Inc.

7) Willard, Merritt and Settle, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis,CBS

Publisher and Distributors, New Delhi.

8) Ewing, G.W., Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.



PHSC 7103 Pharmacology-III 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Pharmacology-III

Theory: 3h/week Unit-I (09 Hrs.):

Drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract

Antacids, antisecretory and anti-ulcers drugs

Laxatives and antidiarrhoeal drugs

Appetite stimulants and suppressants

Emetics and anti-emetics

Unit-II (09 Hrs.): Pharmacolgy of Endocrine system.

Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones.

Thyroid hormones and anti thyroid drugs, parathormone, calcitonin and vitamin D.

Insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents and glucagons.

ACTH and corticosteroids.

Unit-III (09 Hrs.): Androgens and anabolic steroids.

Estrogen, progesterone and oral contraceptive.

Drugs acting on the uterus.

Unit-IV (09 Hrs.): Chemotherapy

General principles of chemotherapy.

Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole.

Antibiotics – Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Quinolones and

miscellaneous antibiotics.

Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal diseases, urinary tract infections and sexually

transmitted diseases.

Unit-V (09 Hrs.): Chemotherapy of malignancy and immunosuppressive agents.

Definition of poison, general principles of treatment of poisoning with particular reference to

barbiturates, opioids, organophosphorous and atropine poisoning.

Heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1) Barar F S K, Text Book of Pharmacology, Interprint, New Delhi.

2) Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, William & Wilkins, Baltimore.

3) Crossland J and Thomson J H., Essentials of Pharmacology, Harper and Row Publishers, NewYork

4) Craig C R and Stitzel R R, Modern Pharmacology, Little Brown and Company, 1994.

5) Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics; Editors: J G Hardman, L E

6) Guyton A C, Hall JE., Textbook of Medical Physiology,WB Sannders Company.

7) Mycek M J, Gertner S Band Perper M M, Pharmacology Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews, Lippincott


8) Paul L., Principles of Pharmacology, Chapman and Hall.

9) Rang MP, Dale MM, Riter lM., Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone.

10) Tortora G J, and Anagnodokos N P, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Harper & Row Publishers N.

Y.


S. No. Course


01 PHSC 7104 Drug Legislation and

Regulatory Affairs 4 0 4

DRUG LEGISLATION AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

1. Historical background

a) Drug legislation in India.

b) Code of pharmaceutical ethics.

(Hint for Unit – II to IV : - Drug Laws: Study of the following (with latest amendments, wherever

applicable)

Unit-II (12 Hrs.):

Pharmacy Act, 1948.

Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.):

Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties Act, 1955).

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 and Rules.

Drug (Prices Control) Order.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.):

Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954 and Rules.

Poisons Act.

Factories Act.

Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.):

Introduction to IPR

(a) Patent Act and Rules

(b) Designs Act

(c) Trade and Merchandise Marks Act

(d) Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) N. K. Jain: Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy

2) Latest Editions of I.P., U.S.P and B.P.

3) Garfeild, Quality Assurance Principles of Analytical Laboratories

4) Mittal B.M. A Text Book of Forsenic Pharmacy, National Book Depot, Calcutta.

5) Bharati H K, Drugs and Pharmacy Laws in India, Sadhana Mandir, Indore.

6) KacChensney J C Packaging of Cosmetics and Toiletories, Newness Butterworth, London.


Course Code Course Name L* T* Credits

PHSE 7105 Clinical & Hospital Pharmacy 4 0 4

Clinical & Hospital Pharmacy

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.): 1. Organization and Structure: Organization of a hospital and hospital pharmacy, Responsibilities of a

hospital pharmacist, Pharmacy and therapeutic committee, Budget preparation and Implementation.

2. Hospital Formulary: Contents, preparation and revision of hospital formulary.

3. Drug Store Management and Inventory Control:

4. Organization of drug store, Types of materials stocked, storage conditions.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): 5. Purchase and Inventory Control principles, purchase procedures, Purchase order, Procurement and

stocking.

6. Drug distribution Systems in Hospitals:

7. Out-patient dispensing, methods adopted.

8. Dispensing of drugs to in-patients. Types of drug distribution systems. Charging policy, labeling.

9. Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients.

10. Dispensing of controlled drugs.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.): 11. Central Sterile Supply Unit and their Management: Types of materials for sterilization, Packing of

materials prior to sterilization, sterilization equipments, Supply of sterile materials.

12. Manufacture of Sterile and Nonsterile Products: Policy making of manufacturable items, demand

and costing, personnel requirements, manufacturing practice, Master formula Card, production

control, Manufacturing records.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): 13. Drug Information Services: Sources' of Information on drugs, disease, treatment schedules,

procurement qf information, Computerized services (e.g., MEDLINE), Retrieval of information,

Medication error.

14. Records and Reports: Prescription filling, drug profile, patient medication profile, cases on drug

interaction and adverse reactions, idiosyncratic cases etc.

15. Introduction to clinical pharmacy practice, Definition and scope, common daily terminology used in

the practice of medicine.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): 16. Functioning and working of clinical pharmacy unit, manpower requirements.

17. Methodology and techniques of analysis of drug content and their metabolites blood and other

biological fluids and to correlates the therapeutics efficacy with drug concentrate in biological fluids.

18. Biological half lifes, pKa values, pH partition coefficient, stability with reference to clinical

application.

19. Pharmacists and patient counseling including specific examples.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1) Laurence, D R and Bennet P. N., Clinical Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone.

2) Herfindal E T and Hirschman J L., Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. Williams and Wilkins.

3) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

4) W.E Hassan: Hospital Pharmacy.

5) Heifindal et al: Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics.

6) Allwood and Fell: Hospital Pharmacy.

7) Pratibha Nand and R.K. Khar: Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy.

B.PHARM. VII SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course


PHSC 7106 Medicinal Chemistry III 3 1

Medicinal Chemistry III

Practical: 3h/week

1. Introduction to the use of stereo-models

2. Synthesis of selected drugs and prodrugs from the course content

3. Workshop on molecular modeling including QSAR

4. An exercise involving stereo-selective synthesis of a compound

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) Vogel’s Text Book of practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London. New York.

2) Mann F.G. and Saunders BC, Practical Organic Chemistry, Longman, London and New York.

3) Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health, Delhi.

4) Siddiqui AA and Mohd. Ali, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Delhi.


Course


PHSC 7107 Pharmaceutical Analysis III 3 1

Pharmaceutical Analysis III

Practical: 3h/week

1. Quantitative estimation of various drugs by UV-Visible spectrophotometer

2. Determination of the drug content in tablet formulations

3. Practicals involving flame photometer and specrofluorometer.

4. Interpretation of IR spectra.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health, Delhi.

2) Vogel’s Text Book of Micro and Semi Micro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Orient Longman,

Hyderabad.

3) Beckett, A.H. and Stenlake, J.B., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Athlone Press of the

University of London.

B. PHARM. VII SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course


PHSC 7108 Pharmacology III 6 2

Pharmacology III

Practical: 3h/week

1. Experiments on isolated preparations: To estimate the strength of the test sample of agonist/ drug

(e.g. acetylcholine, histamine, 5- HT, oxytocin, etc.) using a suitable isolated muscle preparation

employing matching bioassay, bracketing assay, three point assay and four point assay.

2. Pharmacology of Gastrointestinal Tract: To study the anti-ulcer and anti-secretary activity using

pylorus ligated rats.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) Kulkarni S.K., Handbook of Experimentals Pharmacology, Vallabh Prakashan Delhi.

2) Ghosh M N., Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology, Scientific Book Agency, Calcutta.

3) Mycek M J, Gertner S Band Perper M M, Pharmacology Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews, Lippincott



Course Code Course Name P* Credits

PHSE 7109 Clinical & Hospital Pharmacy 3 1

Clinical & Hospital Pharmacy

Practical: 3h/week

1. Experiments based on sterilization of various types of materials used in Hospitals.

2. Practicals designed on the use of computers in Drug Information Centre, prescription filling,

documentation of information on drug interaction.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) Laurence, D R and Bennet P. N., Clinical Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone.

2) Herfindal E T and Hirschman J L., Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. Williams and Wilkins.

3) Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

4) W.E Hassan: Hospital Pharmacy.

5) Heifindal et al: Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics.

6) Allwood and Fell: Hospital Pharmacy.

7) Pratibha Nand and R.K. Khar: Hospital & Clinical Pharmacy.

B.PHARM. VIII SEMESTER (Theory & Tutorials)

Course


PHSC 8101 Novel and Controlled Drug

Delivery Systems 4 0 4

Novel and Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

Theory: 4h/week

Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Concepts and systems designed for rate controlled drug delivery. Mechanism of the drug release from

matrix systems and reservoir systems.

Concept of drug targeting.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): Sustained and Controlled Drug Delivery: Design and development, physico-chemical, biological and

pharmacokinetic properties influencing design and performance of controlled release products, materials

and methods used in their formulation, dose designing, In vitro and In vivo evaluation.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.): Micro-encapsulation: Types of microcapsules, importance of micro-encapsulation in pharmacy, micro-

encapsulation by phase separation, co-acervation, multi orifice, spray drying, spray congealing,

polymerization, complex emulsion, air suspension technique, coating pan and other techniques,

evaluation of micro capsules.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): Transdermal drug delivery systems: types, design and fabrication.

Carrier/ vesicular based drug delivery systems i.e. Liposomes, niosomes, elastosomes, pharmacosomes.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): General consideration and application of following drug delivery systems:

a) Bioadhesive and mucoadhesive drug delivery.

b) Nanopulmonary drug delivery.

c) Occular drug delivery.

d) Pro-drug.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Robinson, J.R. & Lee, V.H.I.,: Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery Marcel Dekker, New York and

Basel.

2. Jain, N.K.: Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS, New Delhi.

3. Jain, N.K. Advances in Novel and Controlled Drug Delivery.

4. Chien, Y.W.: Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel.

5. Roseman, T.J.: Controlled Release Drug Delivery Ssytems, Marcel Dekker New York

6. Goldberg : Targeted Drugs.

7. Bruck, S.D., Controlled Drug Delivery, Vol. I & II.

8. Juliano, R.L. Drug Delivery Systems.

9. Review articles published in various journals.


Course


PHSC 8102 Biopharmaceutics &

Pharmacokinetics 4 0 4

Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics

Theory: 4h/week


1) Introduction to biopharmaceutics & pharmacokinetics and their role in formulation development and clinical

setting. Distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs, Biopharmaceutical study of drugs, blood level

concentration, biological half life and elimination rate constant. Apparent volume of distribution.

2) Passage of drug across GIT membrane. Mechanism, physico-chemical, biological and pharmaceutical factors

affecting drug absorption through GIT- Physicochemical, biological and dosage from related factors. Techniques

for the GIT absorption assessment. Unit – II (12 Hrs): 3) Drug disposition: Distribution in blood, plasma -protein binding, application of drug protein binding.

4) Bioavailability and bioequivalence: Definitions, federal requirements, methods of determination of bioavailability

using blood and urinary excretion data. Protocol designs for bioavailability assessment. Methods for

bioequivalence determination.

5) Compartment Models: Definition, basis of classification, model selection criteria. Unit – III(12 Hrs): 6) One-compartment open model with first order elimination kinetics, pharmacokinetics of single dose

administration as applied to intravenous (rapid/bolus) and oral administration, Intravenous transfusion,

superposition principle and multiple intravenous and oral administration, pharmacokinetic basis of sustained

release formulations.

7) Two compartment open model with first order elimination kinetics, pharmacokinetics of single and multiple dose

administration, as applied to intravenous (rapid/bolus) and oral administration intravenous infusion,

pharmacokinetic basis of sustained release formulations. Unit – IV (12 Hrs): 8) Absorption kinetics: Curve Fitting, Wagner-Nelson, Loo Riegelman methods and Deconvolution methods for

estimation of absorption rate constants.

9) Dosage regimen: Dosage regimen adjustment in patients with and without renal failure. Unit – V (12 Hrs): 10) Non-Compartmental Analysis: Statistical moments, Application, bioavailability determination.

11) Non-Linear Pharmacokinetics: Michaelis-Menten's kinetics, pharmacokinetic characteristics, In-vivo estimation

of Km and Vm, Unit impulse response. Application in bioavailability determination.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Handbook of Basic Pharmacokinetics-Ritschel, W.A.,Drug Intelligence Publication, M Hamilton, 1977.

2. Fundamentals of Clinical Pharmacokinetics-Wagner,J.C.,Drug Intelligence Publication, M.Hamilton, 1975.

3. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences - Gennaro A.R., ed., 19th Edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA.

1995.

4. Clinical Pharmacokinetics - Rowland, M. & Tozer,N., 2nd,edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1989.

5. Pharmacokinetics-Gibaldi M. & Perrier, D., 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1982.

6. Pharmacokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist-Wagner, J.C., Technomic Publishing AG, Switzerland,

1993.

7. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics-Notari, R.E., 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1975.


Course


PHSC 8103 Pharmacognosy and

Phytochemistry -IV 3 0 3

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry -IV

Theory: 3h/week

Unit-I (9 Hrs.):

Study of indigenous traditional and emerging drugs with their source (includind alternative/

controversial) medicinal uses, pharmacological action/activity, chemical profile and authentication of

following:

Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), Harad (Myroblan-Treminalia chebula), Baheda (Terminalia belerca),

Guduchi (Tinospora cardifolia), Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata), Guggal (Commiphora weightii),

Salai (boswellia serrata), Brahmi (Centell asiatica), Shankhpuspi (Convolvulus microphyllus), Bach

(Acorus calamus), Kantkari (Solanum xanthocarpum), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Valerian (Valerian

wallchi), Jatamansi (Nardostacys jatamansi), Gokhru (Tribulus terrestris), Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna),

Unit-II (9 Hrs.):

Ashok – (Saraca indica), Vidang (Embelia ribes), Lahsun (Garlic-Allium sativum), Malkangni

(Celastrus paniculata), Bhilwa (Semecarpus anacadium), Chirayata (Swertia chirata), Neem

(Azadirachta indica), satavar (Aspargus racemosus), Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivalianum),

Artemisia (Artemica spp), Thylophora (Thylophora indica), Morinda (Morinda citrifolia), Chitrak

(Plumbago zeylanicum), Haldi (Curcuma domestica), Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea), Bhui Amla (

Phyllanthus amarus), Shilajeet

Unit-III (9 Hrs.):

Introduction to dosage forms in Indian system od medicine with preparation and standardization of some

important dosage forms such as Asavas Arishtas, Avalehas and Churnas.

Unit-IV (9 Hrs.):

General method of extraction, isolation, identification and characterization of Phytoconstitutents of

Carbohydrates, Alkaloids Glycosides and Phenolic and Steroidal groups.

Unit-V (9 Hrs.):

An introduction to Tissue culture techniques with their scope as alternative sourse of Phyto-

Pharmaceuticals.

An overview of plants as sourse of Bitters, Sweeteners, Colours, Flavoures, Carotinoids, Photosenstizing

agents and Vaccines

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C., Pharmacognosy, Bailliere Tindall, Eastbourne, U.K.

2. Tayler, V.C., Brady, L.R. and Robers, J.E., Pharmacognosy, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

3. Shah, C.S. and Quadry, J.S., A text book of Pharmacognosy, B.S. Shah Publishers,

Ahmedabad.

4. Kokate, C.K., Purohit, A.P. and Gokhale, S.B., Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan, Pune.

5. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

6. Wallis, T.E., Text Book of Pharmacognosy, Jand A Churchill Limited, London


Course


PHSC 8104 Elective 4 0 4

Theory: 4h/week

List of Elective Subjects: I. GMP, Quality Assurance and Validation

II. Packaging Technology

III. Drug Design

IV. Drug Interaction

V. Nutraceuticals

VI. Herbal Drug Technology

I. PHSC-8104 (Elective) - GMP, Quality Assurance and Validation

Unit- I (12 Hrs.): Concept of CGMP, Total Quality Management, GLPS, ISO 9000.

Unit- II (12 Hrs.): Premises, location design, plant layout, construction, maintenance of sterile areas, control of

contamination.

Unit- III (12 Hrs.): Equipment selection.

Unit- IV (12 Hrs.): Raw material purchase specification.

Unit- V (12 Hrs.): In process quality controls.

II. PHSC-8104 (Elective) - Packaging Technology

Unit- I (12 Hrs.): 1. Glass containers for pharmaceuticals: Glass types, their manufacture, chemical performance, testing

and quality control.

2. Plastic containers for pharmaceuticals: Classification of plastic, plastic polymers and their

physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties; Additives and fabrication processes. Plastic

containers for parenterals and transfusion sterile drip kits, quality control testing, biological toxicity.

Unit- II (12 Hrs.): 3. Paper and paper board: Types of paper, folding cartons, quality control testing of paper and paper

board.

4. Metal containers: Aluminium and tin plate, drums. Collapsible tubes and aerosol containers,

lacquering, coating and lining.

Unit- III (12 Hrs.): 5. Caps and closures: Types of caps, closure, liners, child resistant caps. Elastomeris closures for

parenterals, classification of elastomers, physical, chemical and biological properties and their

quality control.

6. Labels and labeling: Types of labels, adhesives, inkjet and bar coding.

Unit- IV (12 Hrs.): 7. Flexible packaging: types of films, Co-extruded films, foils, coating and laminates, shrink and

stretch films.

8. Corrugated and solid fiber boards and boxes: Types of corrugation methods.

9. Transit worthiness of package.

Unit- V (12 Hrs.): 10. Packaging machinery including strip packaging, form, fill and seal machines, liquid and solid filling

machines, capping machines.

11. Product-package compatibility: Stability of product, packaging selection and development criteria.

12. Tamper evident packaging systems.

III. PHSC-8104 (Elective) - Drug Design

1. 2-D QSAR

Unit-I (12 Hrs.): Traditional method of drug design

Physicochemical properties of compounds – Lipophilic, Electrophilic and steric. Their role in

drug action.

Physicochemical parameters – partition coefficient, chromatographyic parameters. pKa

values, chemical shift values, molar refractivity, Van der Waals radii, molecular connectivity,

simple valence and calculation thereof.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): Substituent constants their significance and uses, correlation charts, spread over activity.

Hansch analysis and Free- Wilson method.

Multiple regression Analysis, cross correlation.

2. 3-D QSAR

Unit-III (12 Hrs.): Drawbacks of 2-D QSAR and need for 3-D QSAR, sources of hits, combitorial libraries,

selection of a lead, optimization of a lead, drug targets.

X-ray crystallography, NMR and drug design, homologous modeling.

Thermodynamic consideration of drug binding – free energy change, enthalpy change,

electrostatic interaction, ionic bond, charge – dipole & dipole, dipole interactions, dispersion

forces.

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): Entropic contributions – translational and rotational entropy, hydrophobic effect, salvation

effects.

Intermolecular interaction –free energy perturbation and partitioning method.

Ligand – receptor interaction- intrinsic binding energies.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): Role of stereochemistry in drug design.

Structure based drug design and Pharmacophore based drug design.

Softwares of drug design.

IV. PHSC-8104 (Elective) - Drug Interactions Unit-I (12 Hrs.):

Definition and basis of drug interactions

Mechanism of drug interactions

Factors contributing to the occurrence of drug interactions

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): Drug-drug Interactions with reference to analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, cardiovascular drugs, gastro-

intestinal agents, antibiotics, vitamins and hypoglycemic drugs.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.):

Use of drug interactions information

a. Food and drug interactions

b. Nicotine and drug interactions

c. Alcohol and drug interactions

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): Adverse drug reactions

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): Patients variables

Legal aspects- drug interactions litigation

V- PHSC-8104 (Elective) - Nutraceuticals

Unit-I (12 Hrs.): Introduction to Nutraceuticals as Science: Historical perspective, classification, scope. Applied aspects of

the Nutraceutical Science. Sources of Nutraceuticals. Relation of Nutraceutical Science with other Sciences:

Medicine, Human physiology, genetics, food technology, chemistry and nutrition.

Unit-II (12 Hrs.): Properties, structure and functions of various Nutraceuticals: Glucosamine, Octacosanol, Lycopene,

Carnitine, Melatonin and Ornithine alpha ketoglutarate. Use of proanthocyanidins, grape products, flaxseed

oil as Nutraceuticals.

Current global trends in nutraceuticals, their types, raw materials, quality control and assurance, regulatory

affairs and commerce in nutraceuticals.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.): Nutraceuticals and their significance in the prevention and treatment of diseases

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.): New technologies in development of Nutraceuticals and functional foods and chemoprevention and

Nutraceuticals.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.): Nutraceuticals and the future of medical science and consumer’s views on nutraceuticals.

VI - PHSC-8104 (Elective) - Herbal Drug Technology

Unit-I (12 Hrs.) Chemical and spectral approaches to simple molecules of natural origin.

Concepts of stereoisomerism taking examples of natural products

Unit-II (12 Hrs.). Chemistry, biogenesis and pharmacological activity of medicinally important

monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenoids.

Carotenoids: α- carotenes, β- carotenes, vitamin A, xanthophylls of medicinal impotance.

Unit-III (12 Hrs.) Glycosides: Chemistry and biogenesis of digitoxin, digoxin, hecogenin, sennosides and diosgenin.

Alkaloids: Chemistry, biogenesis and pharmacological activity of atropine and related compounds,

quinine, reserpine, morphine, papaverine, ephedrine, ergot and vinca alkaloids

Unit-IV (12 Hrs.) Chemistry and biogenesis of medicinally important lignans and quassanoids, flavonoids.

Natural allergens, photosensitizing agents and fungal toxins.

Unit-V (12 Hrs.) An introduction to plant vaccines, plant bitters and sweeteners.

Herbal constituents in cosmetics.

Marine Pharmacognosy: Novel medicinal agents from marine sources.

B.PHARM. VIII SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course


PHSC 8105 Novel and Controlled Drug

Delivery Systems 3 1

Novel and Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

Practical: 3h/week

Practicals related to theory.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1) Robinson, J.R. & Lee, V.H.I.: Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery Marcel Dekker, New York and

Basel.

2) Jain, N.K.: Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery,CBS, New Delhi.

3) Jain, N.K. Advances in Novel and Controlled Drug Delivery.

4) Chien, Y.W.: Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel.

5) Roseman, T.J.: Controlled Release Drug Delivery Ssytems, Marcel Dekker New, York

6) Goldberg : Targeted Drugs.

7) Bruck, S.D., Controlled Drug Delivery, Vol. I & II.

8) Juliano, R.L.: Drug Delivery Systems.

B.PHARM. VIII SEMESTER

BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS (Practicals)

Course


PHSC 8106 Biopharmaceutics &

Pharmacokinetics 3 1

Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics

Practical: 3h/week

Practicals based on ADME process, bioavailability, bioequivalance, protein binding, compartment models,

Non-linear pharmacokinetic analysis.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Handbook of Basic Pharmacokinetics-Ritschel, W.A. Drug Intelligence Publication, M Hamilton, 1977.

2. Fundamentals of Clinical Pharmacokinetics- Wagner, J.C., Drug Intelligence Publication, M. Hamilton,

1975.

3. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences - Gennaro A.R., ed., 19th Edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton,

PA. 1995.

4. Clinical Pharmacokinetics - Rowland, M. & Tozer,N., 2nd,edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1989.

5. Pharmacokinetics-Gibaldi M. & Perrier, D., 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1982.

6. Pharmacokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist-Wagner, J.C., Technomic Publishing AG,

Switzerland, 1993.

7. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics-Notari, R.E., 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1975.

B.PHARM. VIII SEMESTER (Practicals)

Course


PHSC 8107 Pharmacognosy and

Phytochemistry -IV 3 1

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry -IV

Practical: 3h/week

1. Identification of drugs mentioned in theory (PHSC-8103) with microscopy of underlined drugs in entire

and powderded form.

2. Chemical evaluations of following through extractive values: Harad, Baheda, Amla, Kalmegh and Bach

3. Chromatographic evaluations of following: Harad, Baheda, Guduchi, Amla, Kalmegh, Guggul

4. Pharacognostic study of at least one commonly marketed herbal product

5. Excursion of Medicinal Plant Garden

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1.Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry 2.Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis 3.Pharmacognosy – Trease & Evans 4.Pharmacognosy – Brady & Taylor 5.Text Book of Pharmacognosy – V. K. Kapoor & S.S. Handa 6.Pharmacognosy – C. K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale

B.PHARM. VIII SEMESTER (Project on elective)

Course


PHSC 8108 Project on elective 6 2


Course Code

Course L T Credits


PHYTOCHEMISTRY-II 4 0 4

Hours Per Week

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY-II Unit-I (12Hrs.) Commerce in Crude Drugs: Collection, preparation, drying and storage of drugs with special emphasis on factors influencing

quality of drugs.

Volatile Oils: Chemistry and biogenesis of medicinally important monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenes.

Study of important drugs yielding essential oils like Mentha, Coriander, Cinnamon, Cassia, Lemon peel, Orange peel, Lemon

grass, Citronella, Caraway, Dill, Spearmint, Clove, Fennel, Nutmeg, Eucalyptus, Chenopodium, Cardamam, Valerian, Musk,

Palamarosa, Gaultheria, Sandalwood.

Unit-II (12Hrs.) Resins: classification and medicinal importance.

Study of some important resin containing drugs

Colophony, Podophyllum, Jalap, Canabis, Capsicum, Myrrh, Asafoetida, Balsam of Tolu,

Balsam of Peru, Benzoin, Turmeric, Ginger etc.

Tannins Classification, chemistry, uses and medicinal significance.

Important drugs of this category like Gambir, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu, Myrobalan etc.

Unit-III (12Hrs.) Proteins and enzymes: Sources, Preparation, Identification test, Chemical nature, and uses of papain, pepsin,

pancreatin, urokinase, diastase, trypsin, penicillinase, hyaluronidase.

Marine Pharmacognosy: Study of novel agents from marine sources

Unit-IV (12Hrs.) Quality Control and Standardization: Introduction, classification,and study of different chromatography methods and their methods and their applications in evaluation

of herbal drugs.

Extractive values, Ash values, Chromatographic techniques (TLC, HPTLC, HPLC), Concept of marker compounds

WHO Guidelines for rational use of herbal drugs

Unit V (12Hrs.) Herbal constituents as health foods and cosmetic ingredients, Natural allergens, photosensitizing agents, Fungal and mushroom

toxins, poisonous plants

Chemistry and biogenesis of medicinally important lignans, quassinoids and flavonoids

Concept of synergy in herbs

Radio Tracer Techniques and their utilization in elucidation of biosynthetic pathways in plants

BOOKS RECOMMENDED 1. Pharmacognosy: Trease and Evans

2. Pharmacognosy: Tyler and Brady


4. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry

5. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis



B.PHARM. –V SEMESTER Course Code Course L T Credits

PHSC 5105 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-

III 3 0 3

Hours Per Week

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-III Theory: 3h/week

Unit-I (9 Hrs.) Systematic Study of Crude Drugs: Including synonyms, biological / geographical sources, identification, chemical constituents, chemical tests, uses, adulteration and evaluation of glycosidal drugs of following groups: Anthraquinone glycosidal drugs: Senna, Aloe, Rhubarb, Cascara etc. Saponin glycosidal drugs: especially, Dioscorea, Solanum, Licorice, Senega, Ginseng. Cyanogenetic glycosidal drugs: Wild Cherry. Coumarins and Furanocoumarin glycosidal drugs including Psoralea. Miscellaneous glycosidal drugs: Gentian, Quassia, and Saffron etc.

Unit-II (9 Hrs.) Systematic Study of Crude Drugs: Including synonyms, biological / geographical sources, identification, chemical

constituents, chemical tests, uses, adulteration and evaluation of Alkaloidal drugs of following groups:

Indole alkaloidal drugs : especially Ergot, Nux-vomica, Rauwolfia, Catharanthus.

Isoquinoline alkaloidal drugs: including Ipecac, Opium, Curare.

Tropane alkaloidal drugs: Stramonium, Hyoscyamus, Datura, Belladonna, Duboisia etc.

Quinoline alkaloidal drugs: including Cinchona.

Pyridine alkaloidal drugs: especially Areca, Lobelia, Nicotiana.

Imidazole alkaloidal drugs: including Pilocarpus.

Quinazoline alkaloidal drugs: including Vasaka.

Steroidal alkaloidal drugs: especially Ashwagandha, Kurchi, Veratrum, Solanum.

Proto-alkaloidal drugs: Ephedra, Colchicum etc.

Terpenoid alkaloidal drugs: including Aconite.

Unit-III (9 Hrs.) Phytochemical Screening:

Preparation of extracts, Phytochemical tests for detection of common plant constituents, Biosynthetic pathways for secondary

plant constituents, General principles of formation of primary and secondary plant metabolites. Biogenesis of medicinally

important glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, volatile oils and steroids.

Unit-IV (9 Hrs.) Utilization and production of phytoconstituents from aromatic and medicinal plants: Isolation of the following phyto-

constituents (including industrial methods):

Morphine, Quinine, Reserpine, Sennosides, Digitalis glycosides, Diosgenin, Menthol, Thymol, Rutin, Psoralen.

Unit-V (9 Hrs.) Classification and general treatment of alkaloids and glycosides of different categories including methods of isolations physico

chemical properties and chemical tests for identification.

Books Recommended:

1. Pharmacognosy: Trease and Evans 2. Pharmacognosy: Tyler and Brady 3. Pharmacognosy – C. K. Kokate, A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale 4. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – C.S. Shah & J. S. Quadry 5. A Text Book of Pharmacognosy – T. E. Wallis 6. Text Book of Pharmacognosy – V. K. Kapoor & S.S. Handa 7. Pharmacopia of India

B. Pharm. Course - dhsgsu.ac.in€¦ · Proposed Curriculum for B. Pharm. Course: w.e.f. Session...

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