B IOMETRICS Akash Mudubagilu Arindam Gupta. O VERVIEW What is Biometrics? Why Biometrics? General...
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Transcript of B IOMETRICS Akash Mudubagilu Arindam Gupta. O VERVIEW What is Biometrics? Why Biometrics? General...
BIOMETRICS
Akash Mudubagilu
Arindam Gupta
OVERVIEW What is Biometrics? Why Biometrics? General Biometric System Different types of Biometrics Uses and Applications of Biometrics Challenges to Biometrics
WHAT IS BIOMETRICS? Biometrics is the science of verifying and establishing
the identity of an individual through physiological features or behavioral traits.
WHAT IS BIOMETRICS? Physiological and Behavioral characteristics:
Physiological:
- Fingerprint
- Face
- Iris
- Hand Geometry
o Behavioral:
- Voice
- Keyboard strokes
- Signature
WHY BIOMETRICS? With numerous devices, traditional paradigm of user
name and password based scenarios are not practical Only authorized users should have access to data and
services Biometrics provide an unobtrusive and convenient
authentication mechanism Advantages of biometrics
Uniqueness No need to remember passwords or carry tokens Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten More secure than a long password Solves repudiation problem Not susceptible to traditional dictionary attacks
GENERAL BIOMETRIC SYSTEM Determine or authenticate identity
Identification Systems: Who am I? Determine Identity
Verification Systems: Am I who I claim to be? Authenticate Identity
GENERAL BIOMETRIC SYSTEM
Database
BiometricSensor
Feature Extraction
BiometricSensor
Feature Extraction
Matching
ID : 8809
Authentication
Enrollment
Result
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOMETRICS Fingerprint recognition Face recognition Iris recognition Hand geometry Voice Scan Keystroke Scan Signature Scan
FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION Measures unique characteristics in a fingerprint
(minutiae) Crossover Core Bifurcations Ridge ending Island Delta Pore
Advantages: multiple fingers, large database, proven technology
Disadvantages: skin worn out due to age
FACE RECOGNITION
Uses off-the-shelf camera to measure the following facial features:
Distance between the eyes Distance between the eyes and nose Angle of a cheek Slope of the nose Facial Temperatures
Advantages: No contact required, cameras are common
Disadvantages: Face can be obstructed, sensitive to changes in age, depends upon lighting and camera angle
IRIS RECOGNITION Measures unique characteristics of the Iris like ridges,
furrows, striations
Advantages: Iris is stable over lifetime, no contact is needed
Disadvantages: Difficult for people having eye disorders, some people may find this technique somewhat obtrusive.
HAND GEOMETRY Measures the top and sides of the hand, not the palm,
contrary to the popular belief Measures the finger lengths, widths, curves
Advantages: Easy to capture, widely used for physical access, stable over lifetime
Disadvantages: Not sufficiently distinctive over a large population, so not very accurate
VOICE SCAN Measures the sound wave Factors: pitch, intensity, quality and durations of
human speech. user talks to a microphone a passphrase. voice print is compared to a previous one
Advantages: Easy to implement wherever there is a telephone in use
Disadvantages: High variability in an individual’s voice, background noise
KEYSTROKE SCAN Keystroke scan: Measures the time between strokes
and duration of key pressed. Most commonly used in systems where
keyboard is already being used.
SIGNATURE SCAN Signature scan: Measures speed, pressure, stroke
order an image of signature. Non-repudiation Mainly used for verification
However forgers could forge it with some training
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOMETRICS
Government and law enforcement Forensic applications Commercial applications
GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS Passport control
Border Control
Access control to government systems
FORENSIC APPLICATIONS Criminal investigations
Corpse identification
Missing person identification
COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS Computer login to different systems
Secure banking
Employee verification
Electronic payment
ATM
Record protection
CHALLENGES TO BIOMETRICS Informational privacy concerns:
Misuse Addressed by:
System Design Careful Audit
Personal privacy concerns cultural or religious beliefs
REFERENCES Jain, Anil K., Arun Ross, and Salil Prabhakar. "An
Introduction to Biometric Recognition." IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 14.1 (2004): 4-20. IEEE Xplore. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1262027
http://bprl.cs.clemson.edu/about.html http://bprl.cs.clemson.edu/projects.html