Azuz and Munoz - Littoral 2010 (Education Centre)

8/8/2019 Azuz and Munoz - Littoral 2010 (Education Centre)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/azuz-and-munoz-littoral-2010-education-centre 1/30

From an Environmental Strategy to aNational Integrated Coastal and Ocean

Policy. The Successful Mexican Experience

Dr. Isaac Azuz-AdeathCETYS-University

Dra. Patricia Muñoz-SevillaCIIEMAD-National Polytechnic Institute

(México)

Littoral 2010 Adapting to global change at the coast

-London 21 23 September 2010

Good Practices



Contents

• The Mexican Context

• Legal and Institutional Framework forCoastal and Ocean Management

• The Inter-Ministerial Commission forthe Sustainable Use of Oceans andCoasts

• The National Policy for Oceans andCoasts



The Mexican Context

• Mexico in the world

P a c i f i c

O c e a n

A t l a n t i c

O c e a n

Gulf ofMexico

Gulf of California or Cortes Sea

C a r i b b e a S e a



General Ocean and CoastalInformation

v / .1 7 3 2 C o a sta lS ta te s w ith 1 1 M illio n

K m2

( % )57 national surface and .47 2( )Million inhabitants 2005v156 Coastal Front Counties( )municipalities with

,416 465 Km2 ( % )21 national surface and.15 9 Million Permanent Coastal Population

( )2005v ( - , )Estimated Population Azuz Rivera 2007

,11 500 Km coast line/52 NPA´s coastal marine

( )13 Million Hectares%1 World Fishery

Production 107 Harbors and Marinas

. %Tourism 8 5 GDP( % )66 Beach tourism

2.9 Million Km2 EEZ

Oceans and Seas:

Pacific and Sea of

Cortés

Gulf of México and

: ( )p from Seingier et al in press



ADRIATIC Sea= ,Surf 160 000 Km2

GULF OF BOTHNIA= ,Surf 117 000 Km2

GULF OF CALIFORNIA= ,Surf 250 000 Km2

GULF OF MEXICO= , ,Surf 1 550 000 Km2

Google Images

( )Territorial Dimensions comparisons



Coastal Environments and Biodiversity

• 1/12 Megadiversecountries (70% worldbiodiversity)

• Deltas (4)

• Bays (62)

• Coastal Lagoons (164)• Estuaries (12)

• Coral reefs (2nd largestin the world)

• Mangrove (6,700 Km2)

• Islands (900)

• Coast length (11,500Km)

• NPA (Coastal andMarine)

44,000 Km2,CONABIO CONANP and GOOGLE Images



Stakeholders, Activities, Sectors

Sources: DGPAIRS Files, IMAC and Author

Maritime Industry andTransportation Fisheries Conservation Tourism

Indigenous Groups

http://edweb.sdsu.edu/sdpca/back_issues/images/newsletter_page/photos/15.3%20photos/paipai2.jpg

http://www.atuna.com/stock/boats/azteca/1k.jpg

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/mexico/images/baja_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/mexico/work/art8618.html&h=207&w=320&sz=18&hl=en&start=16&um=1&tbnid=t2ig0VzBiHDACM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=118&prev=/images?q=Gulf+of+California&svnum=10&um=1&hl=en&rls=TSHA,TSHA:2005-21,TSHA:en

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildplaces/goc/images/index.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildplaces/goc/&h=250&w=175&sz=17&hl=en&start=12&um=1&tbnid=xv8SI1lno4ktMM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=78&prev=/images?q=Gulf+of+California&svnum=10&um=1&hl=en&rls=TSHA,TSHA:2005-21,TSHA:en



Economic Activities

Oil Production

30% Federal Income

Tourism 8.5% GDP

Beach Tourism 66%

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

OILPRODUCTIONINMEXICO

O i l P r o d u c t i o n ( 1 0

0 0 b a r r e l s )

Year

Total

Marine

1 9 9 5

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 7

1 9 9 8

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 3

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 5

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 7

2 0 0 8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

IngresosEconómicospor Turismo

M i l e s d e M i l l o n e

s d e D o l a r e s

Año



(E co n o m ic A ctivitie s Po rt)D e ve lo p m e n t

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

300,000,000

Port and Maritime Activities

CARGO MOVEMENTS

C a r g o M o v e m e n t s ( T O N S )

Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000


CRUISE ACTIVITIES

P a s e n g e r s

Year

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000


CONTAINERS MOVEMENTS

T E U S

YEAR



O th e r E co n o m ic A ctivitie s

Salt Mining

Tropical Fruits and Cattle

Fisheries andAquaculture



Risks, Conflicts and Problems

Pollution: , , ,waste microorganisms industrial,urban and agricultural pollutants

, , .eutrophication algal blooms etc Over fishing ( ,recreational industrial and)coastal and aquaculture impacts.

, ,Changes in land uses coastal urbanization chaotic development in coastal towns and

- .medium sized cities Habitat and biodiversity losses due to

massive tourism infrastructure development or.agricultural expansion Cultural changes due to foreign migration and( )visitors touristic activities Invasive species introduction (Sea and

, ).coastal farming ballast water,Fresh water scarcity aquifer depletion and

( ) ( )salt intrusion North or Flooding South . Energy transportation and storage´s risks( ), ,natural gas and oil maritime cargo traffic

, .yachting increase etc, ,Vulnerability to Climate Change erosion

extreme meteorological events, .etc Ecological disasters ( )oil spills

:Sources DGPAIRS Files

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/188377main_henrietta-20070904_LO.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2007/h2007_henriette_prt.htm&h=320&w=350&sz=161&hl=en&start=16&um=1&tbnid=rvnGZA8GVC4ytM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=120&prev=/images?q=hurricane+baja+california&um=1&hl=en&rls=TSHA,TSHA:2005-21,TSHA:en&sa=N



Scarcity of Basic Needs Index (CONAPO,

2005)

x Variables

[ ( ), ( ), ( ),education 2 house materials and services 5 salary 1 town size

Very

High

High

Medium

Low

Very Low

Di i i f A th it A ti iti d S t



Division of Authority, Activities and Sectors(Shared and superimposed responsibilities and

jurisdictions)

: ( )Source Taller la Sustentabilidad Costera 2002

Ministries and Federal Agencies

/ (Coastal Marine area Broadsense)

Environment



( )FEDERAL LEVEL NATIONAL GENERAL LAWS AND OFFICIAL NORMS

/ ( )REGION STATE LEVEL COASTAL STATES GENERAL REGIONAL LAWS

( )MUNICIPALITY LEVEL COASTAL COUNTIES REGULATIONS

( , ,LAND USE AUTHORIZATIONS WATHER MANAGEMENT WASTE)MANAGEMENT

Frameworks for Coastal and

Ocean Management

Government Structure and Laws Application



38 National or General Laws(for sectoral issues related to oceans and

coasts)



Legal Framework for Oceans andCoasts

Before 2006

GENERAL LAW OF THE SEAS( )Definition of EEZ

GENERAL LAW OF NATIONAL PROPERTIES( “ ”Definition of National Maritime Zone and

“ ”)Beach,Seas National Maritime Zone and Beaches are

(Property of the Nation they can´t be)private property

GENERAL LAW FOR THE ECOLOGICAL EQUILIBIRIUM AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

( )Tools for the environmental policy

Environmental Planning Ecological Ordinance

Environmental Impact Assessments/National Official Norms Regulations

***( )Natural Protected Areas NPA

MaritimeTransportation

And Commerce

Fisheries

PortsAdministration

I 2006 M i ´ t



In 2006 Mexico s governmentpresented the “coastal zone”

definition ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT( , )OF OCEANS AND COAST SEMARNAT 2006

The coastal zone is the geographic space of interactions between the

, .ocean the terrestrial environment and the atmosphere It is

: composed by ) a ( 263 coastal counties 150 with access to the sea and 113 behind these

),with high and medium marine influence ) ,b A marine portion defined by the depth of 200 m and ) c The national islands



THE HISTORY 2000-2010

From an Environmental-Oriented Policy to

a National Integrated Policy



UP

( )2007

BOTTOM( )2000

Academy and CivilSociety

.Pressures and efforts

,Government Academy and.Civil Society

.Collaborative work,Johannesburg 2002

Low level of governmental concern

Marine Ordinance of the.Gulf of California A Natio

Example of collaborative an.Participative work

Finally a Framework for Coastal and Ocean

Management

( )environmental approach

? ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR THE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF OCEANS AND COAST

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE

MARINE ORDINANCE

By Presidential Instructions was created in 2008



UP

( )2007

BOTTOM( )2000

2008

( ):CIMARES Commission 10 Ministries) )a Internal Affairs b Foreign

Affaires) )c Navy d Social

Development) )e Energy f

, ,Agriculture Cattle Rural)g Economy

Development and Fisheries h Communications and Trans ortation

By Presidential Instructions was created in 2008-Inter Ministerial Commission for the Sustainable

( ).Development of Seas and Coasts CIMARES

:CIMARES MAIN OBJECTIVES“Provide the country with a National Policy for S

”and Coasts“ /Strength the governability of the marine coastal”regions

“Increase the productive capacity of the economic”activities assuring environmental sustainability

“Promote transparency and public participation”in the decision making process

“ - -Improve the inter governmental and inter sectoral”decisions framework



UP

( )2010

BOTTOM( )2000

2008 to 2010

NATIONAL POLICY FOR SEAS AND COASTS

DRAFT VERSION

FINAL VERSION

OCTOBER 2010



UP

( )2010

BOTTOM( )2000

2010 to 2011

National Policy for Oceans and



National Policy for Oceans andCoasts

Conceptual Framework Principles of the National Policy for Oceans and Coasts) ) ) )1 Integral Vision 2 Coordination intra and inter institutional 3 Adaptative 4

) )Transparency and Participative 5 Based on the best scientific information 6 Ecosystem)approach 7 Precautory Principle

StrategicObjectiveStrategicObjectiveStrategic

ObjectiveStrategic

General

Objective1

General

Objective2

General

Objective3

General

Objective4

58Strategi

esPriorityActions

16 Programs

AndManagerial



General Objetives

I. Assure the integral management of seas and coasts.

II.Improve the life quality of the coastal

population.III.Increase the productive capacity of the

coastal areas to improve the

international competitiveness.IV.Conserve the biophysical structure,

environmental services andlandscape quality.



Strategic Objectives

• Improve the coastal and marinegovernance.

• Prevent the risk and decrease thevulnerability in the coastal andmarine areas.

• Strength the scientific research and

technological development as atool for the decision makingprocess.

• Assure an integral view for

2010: CIMARES is working in



2010: CIMARES is working in20 high priority topics and

projects:• Priority ecologicalordinances

• Articulation betweenterritorial, tourism,fisheries and

aquacultureordinances

• SPAW Protocol

• GPA Program

• Coastal zone Norms

• Sustainable beaches• Fisheries ordinances

• Fisheries capacities andthresholds

• Sustainable tourism

• Clean energy sources

• Pollution prevention andcontrol

• Hazard and disastersprevention andattention

• Natural protected areas

• Oceanographicmonitoring network

• Competitiveness and

sustainabledevelopment incoastal areas

• National Strategiesrelated to the NationalPolicy for Oceans andCoasts.



mp emen a on an pera on e ore



mp emen a on an pera on e ore2012)

TerritorialOrdinance

Marine Ordinances State Ordinances

Priority CoastalCounties

Ordinances

Specific

Coastal

Law? National Guidelines and Principles

:Federal Level,Sectoral Programs

Resources andCapacities

:State level General, ,Programs Resources

Strategies and Plans

County and location level Specific Plans and Actio

$$

$

National Strategies National Programs



,In this scenario how can we handle this complex system?

1st

:Mandatory Step A National Policy for Oceans and Coasts

Thank you. .drisaacazuz@gmail com

Azuz and Munoz - Littoral 2010 (Education Centre)

Documents

Transcript of Azuz and Munoz - Littoral 2010 (Education Centre)