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AXIAL PUMP Senator. Libya
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Transcript of AXIAL PUMP Senator. Libya
8/9/2019 AXIAL PUMP Senator. Libya
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Axial and Mixed Flow Pumps are the normal choice for
high-volume, low-pressure pumping duties and
particularly for large-scale primary water supplies, flood
control, irrigation and drainage. Such types are available in
a wide range of sizes and capacities.
It is a general characteristic of such pumps that the power
input curve is much flatter than that of a centrifugalpump, thus input power demand does not vary very much
with the working point. Hydraulic performance, however,
differs appreciably.
Rotodynamic Pumps
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Axial flow pumps generate head pressure through an axial
motion developed by a combination of propeller and
internal vane design. The combination induces fluids to
travel strictly along the axial of the pump drive shaft.
The mixed flow pump employs a chamber /impeller /vane
design to impart both an axial and radial motion to fluids
traveling downstream.
Rotodynamic Pumps
This powerful motion is created by lifting the fluids with an
impeller, while simultaneously forcing fluids out against the
bowl like impeller chamber.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
The outward movement known as an upper diffuser
section. By combining axial and centrifugal motion, the
mixed flow pump generates greater head pressure to
downstream fluids than is possible with a single motion
axial pump.
These differences are noted in the generated comparative
H-Q curve.
Rotodynamic Pumps
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Q
η,HP,
Hd
Q
η,HP,
Hd
Q
η,HP,
Hd
Q
η,HP,
Hd
Q
η,HP,
Hd
Q
η,HP,
Hd
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
In the case of a mixed flow pump,
the H-Q curve tends to be steep,
with the point of maximum efficiency
displaced towards maximum
capacity.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
The H-Q curve of an axial flow pump
has substantial falling characteristics
although the actual head obtainable
is much lower.
Efficiency is higher over a greater
(percentage) range of head than for
a centrifugal pump.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
General form:
Driver Head
shaft
Seal
Pump
shaft
Impeller
Discharge
elbow
Column assembly
Bowls
Suction
bell
Axial and mixed flow pumps are
commonly mounted vertically,directly over a sump. This is most
often the case when the source of
water is a river or reservoir.
Fluids enter through a flared suctionbell that has been reinforced by
heavy vanes.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
General form:
Driver Head
shaft
Seal
Pump
shaft
Impeller
Discharge
elbow
Column assembly
Bowls
Suction
bell
The vanes, in addition to lending
support to the suction bell, act todirect the liquid flow parallel to the
drive shaft as it travels upstream.
Once past the suction bell, fluids
encounter either an axial propeller or a mixed flow impeller.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
General form:
Driver Head
shaft
Seal
Pump
shaft
Impeller
Discharge
elbow
Column assembly
Bowls
Suction
bell
While differing in design, both are
always dynamically balanced, one-piece castings, mounted on a
stainless steel pump shaft.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Driver:
Driver Head
shaft
Seal
Pump
shaft
Impeller
Discharge
elbow
Column assembly
Bowls
Suction
bell
The drive shaft may be encased in a
tube or open, with supports properlyspaced for intermediate shaft
bearings. Positive drive is provided
by a heavy-duty drive key and thrust
collar.
A variety of drivers may be used,
however, electric motors and right
angle gears are most common.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Driver:
Driver Head
shaft
Seal
Pump
shaft
Impeller
Discharge
elbow
Column assembly
Bowls
Suction
bell
These types of drivers can be
grouped into two categories:1. Hollow shaft drivers - the pump
shaft extends through a tube in the
center of the rotor and is connected
to the driver by a clutch assembly atthe top of the driver.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Driver:
Driver Head
shaft
Seal
Pump
shaft
Impeller
Discharge
elbow
Column assembly
Bowls
Suction
bell
These types of drivers can be
grouped into two categories:2. Solid shaft drivers - the rotor
shaft is solid and projects below the
driver-mounting base. This type
driver requires an adjustablecoupling between the pump and
driver.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Column assembly:
Driver Head
shaft
Seal
Pump
shaft
Impeller
Discharge
elbow
Column assembly
Bowls
Suction
bell
The column assembly is of two basic
types, either of which may be usedon close coupled units:
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Column assembly:
The column assembly is of two basic
types, either of which may be usedon close coupled units:
1. Open line shaft construction
utilizes the liquid being pumped to
lubricate the line shaft bearings.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Column assembly:
The column assembly is of two basic
types, either of which may be usedon close coupled units:
2. Enclosed line shaft construction
has an enclosing pipe around the
line shaft and utilizes oil, grease or injected liquid to lubricate the line
shaft bearings.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Column assembly:
The column assembly will consist of
column pipe, which connects thebowl assembly to the discharge
head and carries the pumped liquid
to the discharge head, the shaft,
which connects the bowl assembly
to the discharge head, the headshaft, which connects the line shaft
to the driver.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Column assembly:
Column pipe may be either threaded
or flanged and may contain bearingsif required for the particular unit.
Note: Some units will not require a
column assembly, having the bowl
assembly connected directly to the
discharge head.
Note:
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Discharge head assembly:
The column assembly is of two basic
types, either of which may be usedon close coupled units:
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
The discharge head supports the
driver and bowl assembly as well assupplying a discharge connection
(the underground discharge
connection will be located on one of
the column pipe sections below the
motor stand).
Discharge head assembly:
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
A shaft sealing arrangement is
located in the discharge head to sealthe shaft where it leaves the liquid
chamber. The shaft seal will usually
be either a packing box or
mechanical seal assembly.
Discharge head assembly:
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Bowl assemblies:
The bowl assembly consists of
impellers rigidly mounted on thebowl shaft, which rotate and impart
energy to the fluid.
The bowls (or diffusers) contain the
fluid at increased pressure and directit vertically to the next stage and
eventually to the column pipe.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Bowl assemblies:
The suction bell or case directs the
fluid into the first stage impeller.Bearings are located in the suction
bell, discharge case, and between
each impeller.
Impeller
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Bowl assemblies:
The rotating element is mounted in
an individual housing, which isusually replaceable and situated just
above the section bell, close to the
pump inlet.
The housing may be bronze,stainless steel or any other material
similar to the impeller.Why?
Impeller
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Bowl assemblies:
The same resistance to shock.
The same thermal extension. Why?To keep a clearance between
impeller and casing as
designed (performance of the
pump).
Impeller
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Bowl assemblies:
After emerging from the housing,
fluids travel past an upper diffuser chamber and out through the guide
case.
The guide case, consisting of a
column pipe and discharge elbow is
of welded steel plate or cast iron.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Bowl assemblies:
Sections are flanged or bolted
together.A registered fit is used to maintain
proper alignment on all mated parts.
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Axial and Mixed flow:
Rotodynamic Pumps
Pullout options, which make for
easier maintenance and inspection,are a common feature of these
pumps, the best designs permit
removal of the entire bowl assembly
(including all rotating parts, diffuser,
impeller housing and suction bell)through the outer shell, without
disturbing either the discharge or
floor plate connections.
Pullout options:
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Channel impeller pumps:
Rotodynamic Pumps
A channel impeller pump employs an impeller with
turbine-type blades mounted on the periphery running in
an annular channel (or channels) surrounding the
periphery of the wheel.
In practice, only two main subtypes emerge, known
generally as the peripheral pump and side channel pump
respectively.
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Rotodynamic Pumps
The main difference is in the form and positioning of the
channels:
Channel impeller pumps:
The peripheral pump has a double-sided channel in whichthe liquid circulates, this channel being located partly in
the cylindrical part of the casing and partly in the side
plates.
The side-channel pump has two channels cut in the sideplates only, adjacent to each side of the impeller blades.
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Rotodynamic Pumps
Characteristics are quite different, eg the side-channel
pump is self-priming and can develop a much higher
head, although its efficiency is lower. Hence, the two are
distinct types.
Channel impeller pumps:
The peripheral pump is also known as a regenerative
pump.
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Rotodynamic Pumps
H-QEfficiency
BHP
H E A D , B H P & E f f i c i e n c y
100%
Peripheral
Capacity
Channel impeller pumps:
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Rotodynamic Pumps
H-Q
Efficiency
BHP H E A D , B H P & E f f i c i e n c y
100%
Side-channel
Capacity
Channel impeller pumps:
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Rotodynamic Pumps
H-Q
Efficiency
BHP H E A D , B H P & E f f i c i e n c y
100%
Side-channel
Capacity
H-Q
Efficiency
BHP
H E A D , B H P & E f f i c i e n c y
100%
Peripheral
Capacity
Channel impeller pumps:
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Rotodynamic Pumps
Centrifugal
Regenerative
Axial flow
Axial flow
Capacity
H E A D
Regenerative pumps have a
substantially straight and
sleep H-Q curve.
Pressure developed tends to
rise sharply with decreasing
capacity making this type
unsuitable for discharge
regulation by throttling. Power output falls with increasing
capacity.
Channel impeller pumps:
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Rotodynamic Pumps
Mixed flow
Axial flow
Centrifugal
Rotodynamic
Turbine
PUMP
Positive displacement
Diaphragm
Piston
Plunger
ReciprocatingRotary
Gear
Lobe
Sliding Vane
Screw
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Turbine pumps (Regenerative):
Rotodynamic Pumps
Turbine pumps obtain their
name from the many vanes
machined into the periphery of
the rotating impeller. Headsover 900 feet are readily
developed in a two-stage
pump.
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Turbine pumps (Regenerative):
Rotodynamic Pumps
The impeller, which has very
tight axial clearance and uses
pump channel rings, displays
minimal recirculation losses.The channel rings provide a
circular channel around the
blades of the impeller from the
inlet to the outlet.
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Turbine pumps (Regenerative):
Rotodynamic Pumps
Liquid entering the channel
from the inlet is picked up
immediately by the vanes on
both sides of the impeller andpumped through the channel
by the shearing action. The
process is repeated over and
over with each pass impartingmore energy until the liquid is
discharged .