AWD Technology
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Transcript of AWD Technology
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Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation (AWD): atechnology for water saving in rice production
To Phuc TuongCrop and Environmental Sciences Division
International Rice Research InstituteLos Banos, Philippines
[ Paper presented at the Crop Cutting Ceremony, BADC Farm, Modhupur, Tangail,
May 14, 2007 ]
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In Asia, about 40% of all fresh water diverted is for riceirrigation
How Much Water do People Use?
Liters of Water
Daily Drinking Water 2 5 Liters of Water
Daily Household Use 20 500 Liters of Water
1kg of Rice 3,000 5000 Liters of water input to the field
Pressure to produce more food (rice) is getting greaterbecause of ever increasing population
But also:More people want more industry more drinking water more cities more swimming
pools more.
=> Water is getting scarce and expensive
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Bangladesh:
Irrigation of Boro riceentirely depends on
GW and Tubewells
Farmers pay 30% ofrice output forirrigation
Gasoline cost >10,000Tk/ha foreigncurrency
Water savings = Cost savings and reducing energy crisis
Field water balance lowland rice
I + R = (E + T) + (S+P) + S
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Water requirements in lowland rice
Daily
mm d-1
Season (100 d)
mm
Land preparation 175-750
Evapotranspiration
-wet season- dry season
4-5
6-7
400-500
600-700
Seepage & percolation
-heavy clays-loamy/sandy soils 1-525-30 100-5002500-3000
(30% E, 70% T)
Total season : 675-4450 mmTypical value : 1500 mm
Reducing outflows: AWD
60
50
Fieldwaterdepth
40
30
20
10
00 10 20 30 90 10040 50 60 70 80 110
Days after Transplanting
Early
tillerin
PI to flowering Grain MaturitTransp. Latetillerinrecover
3
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Effect of less water (AWDn)
0
2
4
6
8
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Yield (t ha-1
)
Water input (mm)
Safe AWD concept and implementation
Multi-location field exps (Phil., India, China) On-farm, multi-stakeholder pilot sites Socio-economic evaluation at pilot sites
Safe AWD => reduced water input 15-30% without yield loss
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- 20 kPa at 15 cm
Safe AWD concept and implementation
Simple key messages for farmers
Simple tool for farmers
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A practical indicator to irrigate
- 20 kPa at 15 cm ~ water depth 15 cm
Safe AWD = Irrigate when water depth ~ 15 cm
Field water tube - installation
Push tube by
hand vertically
Push tube by
hand vertically
Drive cylinder
using mallet
Drive cylinder
using mallet
Check clearance
from soil surface
Check clearance
from soil surface
Appearance of
installed PW tube
Appearance of
installed PW tube
Remove soil
inside the tube
Remove soil
inside the tube
Check and level the
Top of the tube
Check and level the
Top of the tube
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Safe AWD practice
Start AWD 10 DATOr 20 DAS
2. Irrigate when water is 15-20 cm deep (simple tool !!)
3. Keep 5-cm flooded at flowering
Main idea to convey:
Water is there even when you cant see it Create confidence by farmers Farmers then to experiment with threshold value No recipe for soil type, hydrology, variety, ..
Key message on posters and brochures
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Use of same posters in Mekong delta, Vietnam (2006)
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Use of extensionleaflets in Mekongdelta, Vietnam (2006)
Irrigation water used (mm)
CI
FP
1200
1400
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Uppe
r
Uppe
r
Middle
Middle
Lower
Lower
Avera
ge
Avera
ge
2002 Dry season
P-38, Canarem
Waterused(mm)
2003 Dry season 2002 Dry season
Nueva Ecija
2003 Dry season
C
F
1200
1400
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Waterused(mm)
I
P
Dolores DoloresGabaldon Ave AveGabaldon
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Grain yield (t/ha)
CI
FP
Upper
Upper
Middle
Middle
Lower
Lower
AveA
ve
2002 Dry season
3
0
6
2
1
8
4
5
9
Grainyield(t/ha)
7
2003 Dry season
P-38, Canarem
0
2
1
3
5
7
4
6
8
9
Gabaldon Ave AveDolores
Yield
(t/ha)
GabaldonDolores
CI
FP
2002 Dry season 2003 Dry season
Nueva Ecija
FINAL REMARKS (1)
AWD already existed for long time The water tube: pivotal role in dissemination In BD: 10% reduction in water means reducing 40 L of gasoline/ha. If only half of
boro rice area apply AWD, we can save 80 ML of gasoline AWD also reduces Arsenic in the soil and plant
FINAL REMARKS (2): constraints
How to make AWD benefit farmers? Weeds: important to keep flooded 2 wks after transplanting Vote of THANKS
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