AW HH No. Ia. CHILD CARD (0- 24...
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1 AW HH No._______ Ia. CHILD CARD (0- 24 months) Name_________________________________________________________________________________________ Father’s Name _________________________________Mother’s Name______________________________ Date of Birth_________Birth weight___________________ Place of birth__________________________ ANTHROPOMETRY MORBIDITY PROFILE (for last 15 days) Key: 12: 1. diarrhea 2. dysentery 3. fever 4. respiratory infection 5. eruptive fever 6. skin diseasea 7. any other; 15: 1. mild 2. moderate 3. severe; 16: 1. home remedies 2. home fluids 3. ORS 4. antibiotics 5. antipyretics 6.unknown medicines by quacks 7. cough syrup 8.others; 17: 1. none 2. AWW 3. ANM 4. quacks 5. govt. doctor 6. private doctor 7. any other Visit No. Date screened Age (in months) Wt (Kgs) Ht (cms) for 12 to 24 months MUAC (cms) Skinfold (mm) Waist circumf erence Hip circumf erence T B SS SI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Visit No. Yes / No Type of episode No. of episodes Duration (days) Severity Treatment what By whom 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Annexure I
Transcript of AW HH No. Ia. CHILD CARD (0- 24...
1
AW HH No._______
Ia. CHILD CARD (0- 24 months) Name_________________________________________________________________________________________ Father’s Name _________________________________Mother’s Name______________________________ Date of Birth_________Birth weight___________________ Place of birth__________________________
ANTHROPOMETRY
MORBIDITY PROFILE (for last 15 days)
Key: 12: 1. diarrhea 2. dysentery 3. fever 4. respiratory infection 5. eruptive fever 6. skin diseasea 7. any other; 15: 1. mild 2. moderate 3. severe; 16: 1. home remedies 2. home fluids 3. ORS 4. antibiotics 5. antipyretics 6.unknown medicines by quacks 7. cough syrup 8.others; 17: 1. none 2. AWW 3. ANM 4. quacks 5. govt. doctor 6. private doctor 7. any other
Visit No.
Date screened
Age (in
months)
Wt (Kgs)
Ht (cms) for 12 to 24 months
MUAC (cms)
Skinfold (mm) Waist circumference
Hip circumference
T B SS SI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Visit No.
Yes / No Type of episode
No. of episodes
Duration (days)
Severity Treatment
what By whom
1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Annexure I
2
IMMUNIZATION PROFILE
Type Date of immunization Dose
BCG 18.1 18.2
DPT 19.1 1 2 3 19.2 1 2 3 Polio 20.1 0 1 2 3 pulse 20.2 1 2 3 pulse Measles 21.1 21.2
Any other 22.1 22.2
FEEDING PATTERN
S.No. Type of food Description of Type of food given
Time of initiation (month)
At birth
1 2 3 4 5 6 >6 - 12 13 - 18 19-24
1 Colustrum
2 Prelacteal feeds
3 Breast milk
4 Water
5 Animal milk
6 Milk substitutes
7 Semi solids
8 Cereals
9 Pulses
10 Fruits
11 Vegetables
12 Bread/biscuit
13 Infant mix
14 Adult food
15 Any other
Total duration of breastfeeding- Notes:-
3
AW HH No.________
Ib. CHILD CARD (2- 6 years) Name_____________________________________ Father’s Name ___________________Mother’s Name_________________________________ Date of Birth___________Birth weight____________ Place of birth___________________
ANTHROPOMETRY
Visit No.
Date screened
Age (in
months)
Wt (Kgs)
Ht (cms) for 2 to 6 months
MUAC (cms)
Skinfold (mm) Waist circumference
Hip circumference
T B SS SI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
MORBIDITY PROFILE (for last 15 days) Visit No.
Yes / No Type of episode
No. of episodes
Duration (days)
Severity Treatment
what By whom
1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Key: 12: 1. diarrhea 2. dysentery 3. fever 4. respiratory infection 5. eruptive fever 6. skin diseasea 7. any other; 15: 1. mild 2. moderate 3. severe; 16: 1. home remedies 2. home fluids 3. ORS 4. antibiotics 5. antipyretics 6.unknown medicines by quacks 7. cough syrup 8.others; 17: 1. none 2. AWW 3. ANM 4. quacks 5. govt. doctor 6. private doctor 7. any other
4
HISTORY OF IMMUNIZATION 17 18 19 20 21
BCG DPT Polio Measles Any other
INFANT FEEDING PATTERN Type of food Description of type of food given Time of initiation
(hours/month)
Colostum
Prelacteal foods
Breast milk
Water
Top milk and its substitutes
Semi solid
Adult food
Total duration of breastfeeding-
5
Annexure II. Socio-economic-demographic Proforma
List of persons in the household
Q No. Q No. Code/ No.
1 Anganwadi Household number 2
2 Household type 1. Joint 2. Nuclear 3
3 Household size 4
4 Caste 1. SC 2. ST 3. OBC 4. Others 5
5 Literacy status of father 1. Illiterate 2. Can read or write 3. Schooling- primary 4. Schooling-secondary or more
6
6 Literacy status of the mother 1. Illiterate 2.Can read or write 3. Schooling- primary 4. Schooling-secondary or more
7
7 Work Status of father 1. Not working 2. Unskilled 3. Semi-skilled 4. Clerk/ Teacher/ Office worker 5.Business 6. Any Other
8
8 Work Status of mother 1. Not working 2. Unskilled 3. Semi-skilled 4. Clerk/ Teacher /Office worker 5. Business 6. Any Other
9
9 Dietary habits 1.Vegetarian 2. Non-Vegetarian 10
10
Monthly Family Income 1. < Rs 5000 2. Rs 5000-10,000 3. > Rs 10,000
11
11 Type of house 1. Kuttcha 2. Semi Pucca 3. Pucca 12
12 Ownership of House 1. Own 2. Rented 13
13 No. of rooms in the house 1. One 2. Two 3. Three 4. > Three 14
14 Toilet facility in household 1. No facility 2. Sulabh 3. Shared flush 4. Own flush 15
15 Means of transport 1. Public Transport 2. Bicycle 3. Scooter/ Moped 4. Any other
16
16 Cooking fuel used at home 1. Kerosene/charcoal/wood 2. Gas/Electricity 3. Other
17
17 Drinking water source 1. Public Tap 2. Hand pump/Submersible/Overhead Tank at home 3. well/pond/ river
18
18 Means of Entertainment 1. Radio 2. T.V. (B/W) 3. T.V. (Colour) 4. None 19
S.No. Name Relation to
head of the household
Sex Age
(years)
Marital
Status
Age at
Marriage (years)
Education Occupation
6
Utilization of ICDS service
20. Are you aware of the following services at AWC
a. supplementary feeding b. Immunization and health checkups c. ECE and
preschool education d. weighment e. growth monitoring f. nutrition and health education
21. Supplementary feeding
22. Immunization and health checkups
22.1: Does AWW/AWH tell you about immunization due for your child? Yes/No
22.2: Where did you get your child immunized from?
a. ANM b. Govt. Doctor c. Private Doctor d. any other___________
22.3: Where did you come first to seek advice for treatment during illness?
a. AWW/AWH b.ANM c. Govt. Doctor d. Private Doctor e. Any other
23. Early child hood care and Preschool education
23.1 Does your child come to AWC for Pre-school education?
a. Daily b.2-3 times a week c. weekly d. never
If not a, then why_____________________________________________________
24. Growth monitoring
24.1 Did AWW regularly weigh your child? Yes/no
24.2 How many times she had weighed your child? Yes/no
24.3 Did she tell you about the nutritional status of your child? Yes/no
24.4 Is she plotting the weight of your child on the growth chart? Yes/no
24.4 Did she provide you with nutrition and health education? Yes/no
Benefic
iary
Frequency of receiving Amount eaten by the child
Daily 2-3 times a week*
Weekly* Fortnightly*
Monthly* Nev
er*
Full Three-
fourth
Half <
half
Not
eaten
Left
over
7-12
months
1-3
year
3-6
year
*, 1: parents disliked the preparation, 2: no-one to collect, 3: child doesn’t eat, 4: parents don’t prefer to
give
Not eaten-1: disliked the taste, 2:not well 3: other reason, mention
left over- 1: thrown, 2: fed after sometime, 3: eaten by other family member 4: other reason mention
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Annexure III. Focus Group Discussion Questionnaire
1. How many times do you cook food for the family?
2. Do you pack lunch for husband, school going children and other family members?
Husband
School going children
Other family members
3. How many meals does the family take in a day?
Early morning
Breakfast
Mid-morning
Lunch
Evening
Dinner
After dinner
Eating out
4. What is the food distribution pattern in the family? Men Women Adolescents Young children Infants Elderly
5. What do you do for the left out food? Keep for the next meal Does not left Give it to somebody Store in fridge Throw
6. Do you cook separately for young children? If yes what do you cook?
7. When did you start following-
Prelacteal Breast milk Water Top milk Semi-solid
Modified home food Family food
8
AWW No. Number of women: Name of women:
Paste food items
eaten weekly
Paste food
items eaten
monthly
Paste food items eaten daily
Paste food items eaten never
ACTIVITY for FGD
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Annexure IV. Dietary questionnaire AWW Code: Child Code: Name of the child: Nutritional status of child: Undernourished / Normal
1. Profile of the family
S.no Name Relation with subject
Age Education Profession Monthly Income
2. Food expenditure pattern
Food item quantity frequency cost
Wheat flour Rice Pulse Milk Oil Ghee/vanaspati Sugar Potato Fish Poultry Egg Meat
3. What fuel do you use for cooking?
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INDIV
IDUAL DIE
TARY FOOD INTAKE
Nam
e of th
e In
div
idual
Sl N
o
Age
(Yea
rs)
Rel
atio
nsh
ip w
ith subje
ct
Sex
(M
ale:
1, Fem
ale: 2)
Meal
Pattern
Type of
preparation
Food
stuff
Raw
amount
(g)
Total cooked
quantity
Ind
ivid
ua
l In
tak
e
Left over
C
1-3
5
C2-80
C3-115
C4-165
C5-245
C6-310
C7-425
C8-590
C9-900
C10-1100
C11-1370
11
11
Food item Yes / No Food item Yes / No
Bottle gourd
Cauliflower
parwar
capsicum
torai
Colocasia
Bitter gourd
Turnip
Potato
Cluster beans
Onion
Broad beans
Tomato
Carrot
Ladies finger
Brinjal
cabbage
Raddish
Annexure V: Picture Chart for 24-hour recall
12
Food item Yes / No Food item Yes / No
Pear
Melon
Pumpkin
Mango
Banana
Apple
Guava
Soya
nuggets/wadi
Orange
Pulse
Lime
Legumes
Grapes
Chapatti
Water Melon
Parantha
13
Food item Yes / No Food item Yes / No
Rice
Samosa
Poori
Kachodi
Bread
Sweets
Mathri
Namkeen
Rusk
Butter
Fan
Beverage
Biscuits
Formula Milk
Chowmein
Paneer
Sugar
Formula milk
Ice-cream
Infant mix
Toffee
ICDS supplement
14
14
Table VIa. Percentiles and z-scores for weight of boys (0-71 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
0 2.3 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7
1 2.8 3.1 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.7
2 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.1 6.7
3 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.9 5.3 5.8 6.3 6.9 7.6
4 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.4 7.0 7.6 8.3
5 4.5 4.9 5.4 5.8 6.3 6.9 7.5 8.2 9.0
6 4.8 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.7 7.3 8.0 8.7 9.5
7 5.0 5.5 5.9 6.5 7.0 7.6 8.3 9.1 9.9
8 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.6 9.4 10.2
9 5.4 5.8 6.3 6.9 7.5 8.2 8.9 9.7 10.5
10 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.9 10.8
11 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.2 7.9 8.6 9.3 10.1 11.0
12 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.4 8.0 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.2
13 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.5 8.2 8.9 9.7 10.5 11.4
14 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.7 8.3 9.1 9.8 10.7 11.6
15 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.5 9.2 10.0 10.9 11.8
16 6.1 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.6 9.3 10.2 11.0 12.0
17 6.2 6.8 7.4 8.0 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.2 12.2
18 6.3 6.9 7.5 8.1 8.9 9.6 10.5 11.4 12.3
19 6.4 7.0 7.6 8.3 9.0 9.8 10.6 11.5 12.5
20 6.5 7.1 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.9 10.8 11.7 12.7
21 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.5 9.3 10.1 10.9 11.9 12.9
22 6.7 7.3 8.0 8.7 9.4 10.2 11.1 12.1 13.1
23 6.8 7.4 8.1 8.8 9.6 10.4 11.3 12.3 13.3
24 6.9 7.6 8.2 8.9 9.7 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5
25 7.0 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.9 10.7 11.7 12.7 13.7
26 7.2 7.8 8.5 9.2 10.0 10.9 11.8 12.9 13.9
27 7.3 7.9 8.6 9.4 10.2 11.1 12.0 13.0 14.1
28 7.4 8.0 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.2 12.2 13.2 14.3
29 7.5 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.5 11.4 12.4 13.4 14.5
30 7.6 8.3 9.0 9.8 10.6 11.6 12.5 13.6 14.7
31 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.9 10.8 11.7 12.7 13.8 14.9
32 7.8 8.5 9.2 10.0 10.9 11.9 12.9 13.9 15.1
33 7.9 8.6 9.3 10.2 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.1 15.3
34 8.0 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.2 12.1 13.2 14.3 15.4
35 8.0 8.8 9.6 10.4 11.3 12.3 13.3 14.4 15.6
36 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.5 11.4 12.4 13.5 14.6 15.8
37 8.2 9.0 9.8 10.6 11.6 12.6 13.6 14.7 15.9
Annexure VI. Percentiles and z-scores of anthropometric measurements- LMS
pro software, 2010
15
38 8.3 9.1 9.9 10.8 11.7 12.7 13.8 14.9 16.1
39 8.4 9.2 10.0 10.9 11.8 12.8 13.9 15.1 16.3
40 8.5 9.3 10.1 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.2 16.4
41 8.6 9.4 10.2 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.2 15.4 16.6
42 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.2 12.2 13.2 14.3 15.5 16.7
43 8.8 9.6 10.4 11.3 12.3 13.4 14.5 15.6 16.9
44 8.9 9.7 10.5 11.5 12.4 13.5 14.6 15.8 17.0
45 9.0 9.8 10.6 11.6 12.5 13.6 14.7 15.9 17.2
46 9.0 9.9 10.7 11.7 12.7 13.7 14.8 16.0 17.3
47 9.1 9.9 10.8 11.8 12.8 13.8 15.0 16.2 17.5
48 9.2 10.0 10.9 11.9 12.9 14.0 15.1 16.3 17.6
49 9.3 10.1 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.1 15.2 16.4 17.7
50 9.4 10.2 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.2 15.3 16.6 17.8
51 9.4 10.3 11.2 12.2 13.2 14.3 15.4 16.7 18.0
52 9.5 10.4 11.3 12.3 13.3 14.4 15.6 16.8 18.1
53 9.6 10.5 11.4 12.4 13.4 14.5 15.7 16.9 18.2
54 9.7 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.6 15.8 17.0 18.4
55 9.8 10.6 11.6 12.6 13.6 14.7 15.9 17.2 18.5
56 9.8 10.7 11.7 12.7 13.7 14.9 16.0 17.3 18.6
57 9.9 10.8 11.8 12.8 13.8 15.0 16.2 17.4 18.8
58 10.0 10.9 11.9 12.9 13.9 15.1 16.3 17.5 18.9
59 10.1 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.2 16.4 17.7 19.0
60 10.2 11.1 12.0 13.1 14.2 15.3 16.5 17.8 19.1
61 10.3 11.2 12.1 13.2 14.3 15.4 16.6 17.9 19.3
62 10.3 11.3 12.2 13.3 14.4 15.5 16.7 18.0 19.4
63 10.4 11.3 12.3 13.4 14.5 15.6 16.9 18.2 19.5
64 10.5 11.4 12.4 13.5 14.6 15.7 17.0 18.3 19.6
65 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.6 14.7 15.9 17.1 18.4 19.8
66 10.7 11.6 12.6 13.7 14.8 16.0 17.2 18.5 19.9
67 10.7 11.7 12.7 13.8 14.9 16.1 17.3 18.6 20.0
68 10.8 11.8 12.8 13.9 15.0 16.2 17.4 18.8 20.1
69 10.9 11.8 12.9 13.9 15.1 16.3 17.5 18.9 20.3
70 11.0 11.9 13.0 14.0 15.2 16.4 17.7 19.0 20.4
71 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.1 15.3 16.5 17.8 19.1 20.5
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Table VIb. Percentiles and z-scores for weight of girls (0-71 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
0 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.4
1 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
2 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.1 6.7
3 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.3
4 3.4 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.3 5.9 6.5 7.2 7.9
5 3.6 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.7 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.4
6 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.4 6.0 6.7 7.4 8.1 8.9
7 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.7 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.5 9.4
8 4.3 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.3 8.1 8.9 9.8
9 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.2 10.1
10 4.7 5.2 5.8 6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.5
11 4.9 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.3 8.1 8.9 9.8 10.8
12 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.3 9.1 10.1 11.0
13 5.2 5.7 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.5 9.4 10.3 11.3
14 5.3 5.9 6.5 7.2 7.9 8.7 9.5 10.5 11.5
15 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.3 8.0 8.9 9.7 10.7 11.7
16 5.5 6.1 6.8 7.4 8.2 9.0 9.9 10.9 11.9
17 5.7 6.2 6.9 7.6 8.3 9.2 10.1 11.0 12.1
18 5.8 6.4 7.0 7.7 8.5 9.3 10.2 11.2 12.3
19 5.9 6.5 7.1 7.8 8.6 9.5 10.4 11.4 12.5
20 6.0 6.6 7.3 8.0 8.8 9.6 10.5 11.5 12.6
21 6.1 6.7 7.4 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.7 11.7 12.8
22 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 9.0 9.9 10.8 11.9 13.0
23 6.3 6.9 7.6 8.3 9.2 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.2
24 6.4 7.0 7.7 8.5 9.3 10.2 11.1 12.2 13.3
25 6.5 7.2 7.8 8.6 9.4 10.3 11.3 12.4 13.5
26 6.6 7.3 8.0 8.7 9.6 10.5 11.4 12.5 13.7
27 6.8 7.4 8.1 8.9 9.7 10.6 11.6 12.7 13.9
28 6.9 7.5 8.2 9.0 9.8 10.7 11.7 12.8 14.0
29 7.0 7.6 8.3 9.1 10.0 10.9 11.9 13.0 14.2
30 7.1 7.7 8.5 9.2 10.1 11.0 12.0 13.2 14.4
31 7.2 7.9 8.6 9.4 10.2 11.2 12.2 13.3 14.6
32 7.3 8.0 8.7 9.5 10.4 11.3 12.4 13.5 14.7
33 7.4 8.1 8.8 9.6 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.7 14.9
34 7.6 8.2 9.0 9.8 10.6 11.6 12.7 13.8 15.1
35 7.7 8.3 9.1 9.9 10.8 11.8 12.8 14.0 15.3
36 7.8 8.5 9.2 10.0 10.9 11.9 13.0 14.2 15.4
37 7.9 8.6 9.3 10.2 11.1 12.1 13.1 14.3 15.6
38 8.0 8.7 9.5 10.3 11.2 12.2 13.3 14.5 15.8
39 8.1 8.8 9.6 10.4 11.3 12.3 13.4 14.6 16.0
17
40 8.3 9.0 9.7 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.6 14.8 16.1
41 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.7 11.6 12.6 13.7 14.9 16.3
42 8.5 9.2 10.0 10.8 11.7 12.8 13.9 15.1 16.4
43 8.6 9.3 10.1 10.9 11.9 12.9 14.0 15.2 16.6
44 8.7 9.4 10.2 11.1 12.0 13.0 14.1 15.4 16.8
45 8.8 9.5 10.3 11.2 12.1 13.1 14.3 15.5 16.9
46 8.9 9.6 10.4 11.3 12.2 13.3 14.4 15.7 17.0
47 9.0 9.7 10.5 11.4 12.4 13.4 14.5 15.8 17.2
48 9.1 9.8 10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.7 15.9 17.3
49 9.2 9.9 10.7 11.6 12.6 13.6 14.8 16.1 17.5
50 9.3 10.0 10.9 11.7 12.7 13.7 14.9 16.2 17.6
51 9.4 10.2 11.0 11.8 12.8 13.9 15.0 16.3 17.7
52 9.5 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.9 14.0 15.1 16.4 17.9
53 9.6 10.3 11.2 12.0 13.0 14.1 15.3 16.6 18.0
54 9.7 10.4 11.3 12.2 13.1 14.2 15.4 16.7 18.1
55 9.8 10.5 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.3 15.5 16.8 18.2
56 9.9 10.6 11.5 12.4 13.3 14.4 15.6 16.9 18.4
57 10.0 10.7 11.6 12.5 13.4 14.5 15.7 17.0 18.5
58 10.1 10.8 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.6 15.8 17.1 18.6
59 10.2 10.9 11.8 12.7 13.7 14.7 15.9 17.3 18.7
60 10.3 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.8 14.8 16.0 17.4 18.8
61 10.4 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.9 15.0 16.2 17.5 18.9
62 10.5 11.2 12.1 13.0 14.0 15.1 16.3 17.6 19.1
63 10.6 11.3 12.2 13.1 14.1 15.2 16.4 17.7 19.2
64 10.7 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.2 15.3 16.5 17.8 19.3
65 10.7 11.5 12.4 13.3 14.3 15.4 16.6 17.9 19.4
66 10.8 11.6 12.5 13.4 14.4 15.5 16.7 18.0 19.5
67 10.9 11.7 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.6 16.8 18.2 19.6
68 11.0 11.8 12.6 13.6 14.6 15.7 16.9 18.3 19.8
69 11.1 11.9 12.7 13.7 14.7 15.8 17.0 18.4 19.9
70 11.2 12.0 12.8 13.8 14.8 15.9 17.1 18.5 20.0
71 11.3 12.1 12.9 13.9 14.9 16.0 17.2 18.6 20.1
18
Table VIc. Percentiles and z-scores for height of boys (0-71 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
0 47.0 48.2 49.6 51.1 52.8 54.5 56.5 58.6 61.0
1 49.2 50.5 51.9 53.4 55.1 56.9 58.8 61.0 63.4
2 51.4 52.7 54.1 55.7 57.3 59.2 61.2 63.4 65.8
3 53.5 54.9 56.3 57.9 59.6 61.4 63.4 65.7 68.1
4 55.5 56.9 58.4 59.9 61.6 63.5 65.5 67.8 70.3
5 57.4 58.7 60.2 61.8 63.5 65.4 67.5 69.7 72.2
6 59.0 60.4 61.9 63.5 65.2 67.1 69.2 71.4 73.9
7 60.4 61.8 63.3 64.9 66.7 68.6 70.7 72.9 75.5
8 61.7 63.1 64.6 66.2 68.0 69.9 72.0 74.3 76.8
9 62.7 64.1 65.7 67.3 69.1 71.0 73.2 75.5 78.1
10 63.6 65.1 66.6 68.3 70.1 72.1 74.2 76.6 79.2
11 64.4 65.9 67.5 69.2 71.0 73.0 75.2 77.6 80.2
12 65.1 66.6 68.2 69.9 71.8 73.8 76.0 78.5 81.2
13 65.8 67.3 68.9 70.6 72.5 74.6 76.9 79.3 82.1
14 66.3 67.9 69.5 71.3 73.2 75.3 77.6 80.2 83.0
15 66.8 68.4 70.1 71.9 73.9 76.0 78.4 81.0 83.8
16 67.3 68.9 70.7 72.5 74.5 76.7 79.1 81.8 84.7
17 67.8 69.5 71.2 73.1 75.1 77.4 79.8 82.6 85.6
18 68.3 70.0 71.7 73.7 75.8 78.0 80.6 83.3 86.4
19 68.8 70.4 72.3 74.2 76.4 78.7 81.3 84.1 87.3
20 69.2 70.9 72.8 74.8 77.0 79.4 82.0 84.9 88.2
21 69.7 71.4 73.3 75.4 77.6 80.0 82.7 85.7 89.0
22 70.1 71.9 73.8 75.9 78.2 80.7 83.4 86.5 89.9
23 70.6 72.4 74.4 76.5 78.8 81.4 84.2 87.3 90.8
24 71.0 72.9 74.9 77.1 79.4 82.0 84.9 88.1 91.7
25 71.5 73.4 75.4 77.6 80.1 82.7 85.7 88.9 92.6
26 72.0 73.9 76.0 78.2 80.7 83.4 86.4 89.7 93.5
27 72.4 74.4 76.5 78.8 81.3 84.1 87.1 90.5 94.3
28 72.9 74.9 77.0 79.4 81.9 84.8 87.9 91.3 95.2
29 73.3 75.4 77.6 80.0 82.6 85.4 88.6 92.1 96.0
30 73.8 75.9 78.1 80.5 83.2 86.1 89.3 92.9 96.8
31 74.2 76.3 78.6 81.1 83.8 86.7 90.0 93.6 97.6
32 74.7 76.8 79.1 81.7 84.4 87.4 90.7 94.3 98.4
33 75.2 77.3 79.7 82.2 85.0 88.0 91.4 95.1 99.2
34 75.6 77.8 80.2 82.8 85.6 88.7 92.0 95.8 99.9
35 76.1 78.3 80.7 83.3 86.2 89.3 92.7 96.5 100.7
36 76.5 78.8 81.3 83.9 86.8 89.9 93.4 97.2 101.4
37 77.0 79.3 81.8 84.5 87.4 90.6 94.0 97.9 102.1
38 77.5 79.8 82.3 85.0 88.0 91.2 94.7 98.5 102.8
39 77.9 80.3 82.8 85.6 88.6 91.8 95.3 99.2 103.5
19
40 78.4 80.8 83.4 86.1 89.1 92.4 96.0 99.9 104.1
41 78.8 81.3 83.9 86.7 89.7 93.0 96.6 100.5 104.8
42 79.3 81.8 84.4 87.2 90.3 93.6 97.2 101.1 105.4
43 79.7 82.2 84.9 87.8 90.9 94.2 97.8 101.8 106.1
44 80.2 82.7 85.4 88.3 91.4 94.8 98.4 102.4 106.7
45 80.6 83.2 85.9 88.8 92.0 95.4 99.0 103.0 107.3
46 81.1 83.7 86.4 89.4 92.5 95.9 99.6 103.6 107.9
47 81.5 84.2 86.9 89.9 93.1 96.5 100.2 104.2 108.5
48 82.0 84.6 87.4 90.4 93.6 97.1 100.8 104.8 109.1
49 82.4 85.1 87.9 91.0 94.2 97.6 101.4 105.3 109.7
50 82.9 85.6 88.4 91.5 94.7 98.2 101.9 105.9 110.2
51 83.3 86.0 88.9 92.0 95.3 98.8 102.5 106.5 110.8
52 83.8 86.5 89.4 92.5 95.8 99.3 103.0 107.1 111.4
53 84.2 87.0 89.9 93.0 96.3 99.8 103.6 107.6 111.9
54 84.6 87.4 90.4 93.5 96.8 100.4 104.1 108.2 112.4
55 85.1 87.9 90.9 94.0 97.4 100.9 104.7 108.7 113.0
56 85.5 88.3 91.3 94.5 97.9 101.4 105.2 109.2 113.5
57 85.9 88.8 91.8 95.0 98.4 101.9 105.7 109.7 114.0
58 86.3 89.2 92.3 95.5 98.9 102.4 106.2 110.2 114.5
59 86.7 89.7 92.7 95.9 99.4 102.9 106.7 110.7 115.0
60 87.1 90.1 93.2 96.4 99.8 103.4 107.2 111.2 115.5
61 87.5 90.5 93.6 96.9 100.3 103.9 107.7 111.7 115.9
62 87.9 90.9 94.0 97.3 100.8 104.4 108.2 112.2 116.4
63 88.3 91.3 94.5 97.7 101.2 104.8 108.6 112.6 116.8
64 88.7 91.7 94.9 98.2 101.6 105.3 109.1 113.1 117.3
65 89.0 92.1 95.3 98.6 102.1 105.7 109.5 113.5 117.7
66 89.4 92.5 95.7 99.0 102.5 106.2 110.0 113.9 118.1
67 89.8 92.9 96.1 99.4 102.9 106.6 110.4 114.4 118.5
68 90.1 93.2 96.5 99.8 103.3 107.0 110.8 114.8 118.9
69 90.5 93.6 96.9 100.2 103.8 107.4 111.2 115.2 119.4
70 90.8 94.0 97.2 100.6 104.2 107.8 111.7 115.6 119.8
71 91.2 94.3 97.6 101.0 104.6 108.3 112.1 116.1 120.2
20
Table VId. Percentiles and z-scores for height of girls (0-71 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
0 46.1 47.5 49.0 50.5 51.9 53.4 54.9 56.4 57.9
1 48.0 49.5 51.0 52.5 54.1 55.6 57.2 58.8 60.4
2 49.9 51.4 53.0 54.6 56.2 57.8 59.5 61.1 62.8
3 51.7 53.3 54.9 56.6 58.3 60.0 61.7 63.5 65.2
4 53.4 55.1 56.8 58.5 60.2 62.0 63.8 65.6 67.5
5 55.0 56.7 58.4 60.2 62.0 63.8 65.7 67.7 69.6
6 56.4 58.2 59.9 61.7 63.6 65.5 67.5 69.5 71.6
7 57.7 59.4 61.2 63.1 65.0 67.0 69.1 71.2 73.4
8 58.8 60.6 62.4 64.3 66.3 68.4 70.5 72.7 75.0
9 59.7 61.6 63.5 65.4 67.5 69.6 71.8 74.1 76.5
10 60.6 62.4 64.4 66.4 68.5 70.7 72.9 75.3 77.8
11 61.3 63.2 65.2 67.2 69.4 71.6 74.0 76.5 79.1
12 62.0 63.9 65.9 68.0 70.2 72.5 75.0 77.5 80.2
13 62.6 64.6 66.6 68.7 71.0 73.4 75.9 78.5 81.3
14 63.2 65.1 67.2 69.4 71.7 74.1 76.7 79.4 82.3
15 63.7 65.7 67.8 70.0 72.4 74.9 77.5 80.3 83.3
16 64.2 66.2 68.4 70.6 73.0 75.6 78.3 81.2 84.2
17 64.7 66.7 68.9 71.2 73.7 76.3 79.0 82.0 85.2
18 65.1 67.2 69.4 71.8 74.3 76.9 79.8 82.8 86.1
19 65.6 67.7 70.0 72.3 74.9 77.6 80.5 83.6 86.9
20 66.1 68.2 70.5 72.9 75.5 78.2 81.2 84.4 87.8
21 66.5 68.7 71.0 73.5 76.1 78.9 81.9 85.2 88.7
22 67.0 69.2 71.5 74.0 76.7 79.6 82.6 85.9 89.5
23 67.5 69.7 72.1 74.6 77.3 80.2 83.3 86.7 90.4
24 68.0 70.2 72.6 75.2 77.9 80.9 84.1 87.5 91.3
25 68.4 70.7 73.2 75.8 78.6 81.6 84.8 88.3 92.1
26 68.9 71.2 73.7 76.4 79.2 82.2 85.5 89.1 93.0
27 69.4 71.8 74.3 77.0 79.8 82.9 86.3 89.9 93.8
28 70.0 72.3 74.9 77.6 80.5 83.6 87.0 90.7 94.7
29 70.5 72.9 75.4 78.2 81.1 84.3 87.8 91.5 95.5
30 71.0 73.4 76.0 78.8 81.8 85.0 88.5 92.3 96.3
31 71.5 74.0 76.6 79.4 82.4 85.7 89.2 93.0 97.2
32 72.0 74.5 77.2 80.0 83.1 86.4 89.9 93.8 97.9
33 72.5 75.1 77.8 80.7 83.8 87.1 90.7 94.5 98.7
34 73.1 75.6 78.4 81.3 84.4 87.8 91.4 95.3 99.5
35 73.6 76.2 78.9 81.9 85.1 88.5 92.1 96.0 100.2
36 74.1 76.7 79.5 82.5 85.7 89.1 92.8 96.7 101.0
37 74.6 77.3 80.1 83.1 86.4 89.8 93.5 97.4 101.7
21
38 75.1 77.8 80.7 83.7 87.0 90.5 94.2 98.1 102.4
39 75.5 78.3 81.2 84.3 87.6 91.1 94.8 98.8 103.0
40 76.0 78.8 81.8 84.9 88.2 91.8 95.5 99.5 103.7
41 76.5 79.3 82.3 85.5 88.9 92.4 96.1 100.1 104.3
42 76.9 79.8 82.9 86.1 89.4 93.0 96.8 100.7 104.9
43 77.3 80.3 83.4 86.6 90.0 93.6 97.4 101.4 105.5
44 77.8 80.8 83.9 87.2 90.6 94.2 98.0 101.9 106.1
45 78.2 81.2 84.4 87.7 91.2 94.8 98.6 102.5 106.7
46 78.6 81.6 84.9 88.2 91.7 95.3 99.1 103.1 107.2
47 78.9 82.1 85.3 88.7 92.2 95.9 99.7 103.6 107.7
48 79.3 82.5 85.8 89.2 92.7 96.4 100.2 104.2 108.2
49 79.7 82.9 86.2 89.7 93.3 96.9 100.8 104.7 108.7
50 80.0 83.3 86.7 90.2 93.8 97.5 101.3 105.2 109.2
51 80.3 83.7 87.1 90.6 94.2 98.0 101.8 105.7 109.7
52 80.7 84.1 87.5 91.1 94.7 98.5 102.3 106.2 110.2
53 81.0 84.4 88.0 91.5 95.2 99.0 102.8 106.7 110.7
54 81.3 84.8 88.4 92.0 95.7 99.4 103.3 107.2 111.1
55 81.7 85.2 88.8 92.5 96.2 99.9 103.8 107.6 111.6
56 82.0 85.6 89.2 92.9 96.7 100.4 104.3 108.1 112.0
57 82.3 86.0 89.7 93.4 97.1 100.9 104.8 108.6 112.5
58 82.6 86.3 90.1 93.8 97.6 101.4 105.2 109.1 113.0
59 83.0 86.7 90.5 94.3 98.1 101.9 105.7 109.6 113.4
60 83.3 87.1 90.9 94.8 98.6 102.4 106.2 110.1 113.9
61 83.6 87.5 91.4 95.2 99.1 102.9 106.7 110.6 114.4
62 83.9 87.9 91.8 95.7 99.5 103.4 107.2 111.0 114.8
63 84.3 88.3 92.2 96.1 100.0 103.9 107.7 111.5 115.3
64 84.6 88.6 92.7 96.6 100.5 104.4 108.2 112.0 115.8
65 84.9 89.0 93.1 97.1 101.0 104.9 108.7 112.5 116.2
66 85.2 89.4 93.5 97.5 101.5 105.4 109.2 113.0 116.7
67 85.5 89.8 94.0 98.0 102.0 105.9 109.7 113.5 117.2
68 85.9 90.2 94.4 98.5 102.5 106.4 110.2 114.0 117.6
69 86.2 90.6 94.8 98.9 103.0 106.9 110.7 114.5 118.1
70 86.5 90.9 95.2 99.4 103.5 107.4 111.2 114.9 118.6
71 86.8 91.3 95.7 99.9 103.9 107.9 111.7 115.4 119.1
22
Table VIe. Percentiles and z-scores for weight-for-height of boys in the present study
Height
(cm)
3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
50 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.9 4.5 5.3
51 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.8 5.6
52 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.4 5.0 5.9
53 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.3 6.1
54 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.7 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.4
55 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.9 6.7
56 3.3 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.9 5.5 6.1 6.9
57 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.4 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.4 7.2
58 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.5
59 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.9 7.7
60 4.0 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.5 7.2 8.0
61 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.1 6.7 7.4 8.2
62 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.4 7.0 7.7 8.5
63 4.6 4.9 5.2 5.6 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.9 8.8
64 4.7 5.1 5.4 5.9 6.3 6.9 7.5 8.2 9.0
65 4.9 5.3 5.6 6.1 6.5 7.1 7.7 8.4 9.2
66 5.1 5.4 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.3 7.9 8.6 9.5
67 5.3 5.6 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.2 8.9 9.7
68 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.9
69 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.9 7.4 8.0 8.6 9.4 10.2
70 5.8 6.2 6.6 7.1 7.6 8.2 8.9 9.6 10.4
71 6.0 6.4 6.8 7.3 7.8 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.7
72 6.1 6.6 7.0 7.5 8.1 8.7 9.3 10.1 10.9
73 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.3 8.9 9.6 10.3 11.1
74 6.5 6.9 7.4 7.9 8.5 9.1 9.8 10.6 11.4
75 6.7 7.1 7.6 8.2 8.7 9.4 10.1 10.8 11.6
76 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.4 9.0 9.6 10.3 11.0 11.8
77 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.6 9.2 9.8 10.5 11.3 12.1
78 7.2 7.7 8.2 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.8 11.5 12.3
79 7.4 7.9 8.4 9.0 9.6 10.3 11.0 11.7 12.5
80 7.6 8.1 8.6 9.2 9.9 10.5 11.2 12.0 12.8
81 7.7 8.3 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.7 11.5 12.2 13.0
82 7.9 8.5 9.1 9.7 10.3 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.2
83 8.1 8.7 9.3 9.9 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.7 13.4
84 8.3 8.9 9.5 10.1 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.9 13.7
85 8.5 9.1 9.7 10.3 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.1 13.9
86 8.6 9.2 9.9 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.1
87 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.3
88 9.0 9.6 10.3 11.0 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.8 14.5
89 9.2 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.8
23
90 9.3 10.0 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.2 15.0
91 9.5 10.2 10.9 11.6 12.3 13.0 13.7 14.5 15.2
92 9.7 10.4 11.1 11.8 12.5 13.2 14.0 14.7 15.4
93 9.9 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.5 14.2 14.9 15.6
94 10.0 10.8 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.8
95 10.2 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.2 13.9 14.6 15.3 16.1
96 10.4 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.6 16.3
97 10.6 11.4 12.1 12.9 13.6 14.3 15.1 15.8 16.5
98 10.8 11.5 12.3 13.1 13.8 14.6 15.3 16.0 16.7
99 10.9 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.1 14.8 15.5 16.3 17.0
100 11.1 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.0 15.8 16.5 17.2
101 11.3 12.1 13.0 13.8 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.8 17.5
102 11.5 12.3 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.5 16.3 17.0 17.7
103 11.7 12.5 13.4 14.2 15.0 15.8 16.5 17.3 18.0
104 11.8 12.7 13.6 14.4 15.2 16.0 16.8 17.5 18.2
105 12.0 12.9 13.8 14.6 15.5 16.2 17.0 17.8 18.5
106 12.2 13.1 14.0 14.9 15.7 16.5 17.3 18.0 18.8
107 12.4 13.3 14.2 15.1 15.9 16.7 17.5 18.3 19.0
108 12.5 13.5 14.4 15.3 16.1 17.0 17.8 18.5 19.3
109 12.7 13.7 14.6 15.5 16.4 17.2 18.0 18.8 19.5
110 12.8 13.9 14.8 15.7 16.6 17.5 18.3 19.0 19.8
111 13.0 14.0 15.0 15.9 16.8 17.7 18.5 19.3 20.1
112 13.1 14.2 15.2 16.2 17.1 17.9 18.8 19.6 20.3
113 13.3 14.4 15.4 16.4 17.3 18.2 19.0 19.8 20.6
114 13.4 14.6 15.6 16.6 17.5 18.4 19.3 20.1 20.9
115 13.6 14.7 15.8 16.8 17.7 18.6 19.5 20.3 21.1
116 13.7 14.9 16.0 17.0 18.0 18.9 19.7 20.6 21.4
117 13.9 15.1 16.2 17.2 18.2 19.1 20.0 20.8 21.6
118 14.0 15.3 16.4 17.4 18.4 19.3 20.2 21.1 21.9
24
Table VIf. Percentiles and z-scores for weight-for-height of girls in the present study
Height
(cm)
3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
49 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.5 4.0 4.6
50 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.3 5.0
51 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.6 5.3
52 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6
53 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.7 5.3 6.0
54 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.5 6.3
55 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.2 5.8 6.6
56 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.5 6.1 6.9
57 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.7 6.4 7.2
58 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.4 6.0 6.7 7.4
59 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.9 7.7
60 3.7 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.9 6.5 7.2 8.0
61 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.1 5.5 6.1 6.7 7.4 8.3
62 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.3 5.8 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.5
63 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.6 7.2 7.9 8.8
64 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.8 7.4 8.2 9.0
65 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.4 7.0 7.7 8.4 9.2
66 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.9 8.6 9.5
67 5.0 5.4 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.5 8.1 8.9 9.7
68 5.1 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.1 7.7 8.3 9.1 9.9
69 5.3 5.7 6.2 6.7 7.3 7.9 8.6 9.3 10.1
70 5.5 5.9 6.4 6.9 7.5 8.1 8.8 9.5 10.4
71 5.7 6.1 6.6 7.1 7.7 8.3 9.0 9.8 10.6
72 5.9 6.3 6.8 7.3 7.9 8.5 9.2 10.0 10.8
73 6.1 6.5 7.0 7.6 8.1 8.8 9.5 10.2 11.0
74 6.3 6.7 7.2 7.8 8.4 9.0 9.7 10.4 11.2
75 6.5 6.9 7.4 8.0 8.6 9.2 9.9 10.7 11.5
76 6.7 7.1 7.7 8.2 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.9 11.7
77 6.9 7.3 7.9 8.4 9.0 9.7 10.4 11.1 11.9
78 7.1 7.6 8.1 8.6 9.2 9.9 10.6 11.3 12.1
79 7.3 7.8 8.3 8.9 9.5 10.1 10.8 11.5 12.3
80 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.1 9.7 10.3 11.0 11.8 12.6
81 7.7 8.2 8.7 9.3 9.9 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.8
82 7.9 8.4 9.0 9.5 10.1 10.8 11.5 12.2 13.0
83 8.1 8.6 9.2 9.8 10.4 11.0 11.7 12.5 13.3
84 8.3 8.8 9.4 10.0 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.5
85 8.5 9.0 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.5 12.2 13.0 13.8
86 8.7 9.2 9.8 10.4 11.1 11.7 12.5 13.2 14.0
87 8.9 9.4 10.0 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.5 14.3
88 9.1 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.7 14.5
25
89 9.3 9.8 10.4 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.2 13.9 14.8
90 9.4 10.0 10.6 11.3 11.9 12.6 13.4 14.2 15.0
91 9.6 10.2 10.8 11.5 12.1 12.9 13.6 14.4 15.3
92 9.8 10.4 11.0 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.8 14.7 15.5
93 9.9 10.5 11.2 11.8 12.5 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.8
94 10.1 10.7 11.4 12.0 12.8 13.5 14.3 15.1 16.0
95 10.2 10.9 11.5 12.2 13.0 13.7 14.5 15.4 16.3
96 10.4 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.2 13.9 14.8 15.6 16.5
97 10.6 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.4 14.2 15.0 15.9 16.8
98 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.2 16.1 17.1
99 10.9 11.5 12.3 13.0 13.8 14.6 15.5 16.4 17.3
100 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.7 16.7 17.6
101 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.4 14.2 15.1 16.0 16.9 17.9
102 11.3 12.0 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.3 16.2 17.2 18.2
103 11.4 12.2 13.0 13.8 14.7 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.5
104 11.6 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.8 16.7 17.7 18.8
105 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.2 15.1 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.1
106 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.4 15.3 16.3 17.3 18.3 19.4
107 12.0 12.8 13.7 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.6 19.7
108 12.2 13.0 13.9 14.8 15.7 16.7 17.8 18.8 20.0
109 12.3 13.1 14.0 15.0 15.9 16.9 18.0 19.1 20.3
110 12.4 13.3 14.2 15.1 16.1 17.2 18.3 19.4 20.6
111 12.6 13.4 14.4 15.3 16.3 17.4 18.5 19.6 20.8
112 12.7 13.6 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.6 18.7 19.9 21.1
113 12.8 13.7 14.7 15.7 16.7 17.8 19.0 20.2 21.4
114 12.9 13.9 14.8 15.9 16.9 18.1 19.2 20.4 21.7
115 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.1 18.3 19.5 20.7 22.0
116 13.2 14.1 15.2 16.2 17.3 18.5 19.7 20.9 22.2
117 13.3 14.3 15.3 16.4 17.5 18.7 19.9 21.2 22.5
118 13.4 14.4 15.5 16.6 17.7 18.9 20.2 21.5 22.8
26
Table VIg. Percentiles and z-scores for BMI of boys (0-71 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
0 9.3 10.0 10.7 11.6 12.7 14.0 15.6 17.6 20.2
1 10.4 11.1 11.9 12.9 14.0 15.2 16.6 18.3 20.2
2 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.4 14.5 15.7 17.0 18.6 20.3
3 11.1 11.9 12.8 13.8 14.8 16.0 17.3 18.8 20.4
4 11.3 12.1 13.0 14.0 15.1 16.3 17.5 18.9 20.4
5 11.5 12.3 13.2 14.2 15.3 16.4 17.7 19.0 20.5
6 11.6 12.4 13.4 14.3 15.4 16.5 17.7 19.0 20.4
7 11.7 12.5 13.5 14.4 15.5 16.6 17.8 19.1 20.4
8 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.6 16.7 17.8 19.0 20.3
9 11.7 12.6 13.6 14.5 15.6 16.7 17.8 19.0 20.3
10 11.8 12.7 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.7 17.8 19.0 20.2
11 11.8 12.7 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.7 17.8 18.9 20.1
12 11.8 12.7 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.7 17.8 18.9 20.1
13 11.8 12.7 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.6 17.7 18.8 20.0
14 11.8 12.7 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.6 17.7 18.8 19.9
15 11.7 12.7 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.6 17.7 18.7 19.9
16 11.7 12.6 13.6 14.6 15.6 16.6 17.6 18.7 19.8
17 11.7 12.6 13.6 14.5 15.5 16.6 17.6 18.7 19.7
18 11.7 12.6 13.6 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.6 18.6 19.7
19 11.7 12.6 13.6 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.6 19.6
20 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.5 19.6
21 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.5 19.5
22 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.4 16.4 17.4 18.5 19.5
23 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.4 16.4 17.4 18.4 19.4
24 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.5 15.4 16.4 17.4 18.4 19.4
25 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.4 16.4 17.3 18.3 19.3
26 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.4 16.3 17.3 18.3 19.3
27 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.4 16.3 17.3 18.2 19.2
28 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.3 16.3 17.2 18.2 19.2
29 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.3 16.2 17.2 18.1 19.1
30 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.3 16.2 17.1 18.1 19.1
31 11.7 12.6 13.5 14.4 15.3 16.2 17.1 18.1 19.0
32 11.7 12.6 13.4 14.3 15.2 16.1 17.1 18.0 18.9
33 11.7 12.6 13.4 14.3 15.2 16.1 17.0 18.0 18.9
34 11.7 12.6 13.4 14.3 15.2 16.1 17.0 17.9 18.8
35 11.7 12.6 13.4 14.3 15.1 16.0 16.9 17.8 18.8
36 11.7 12.5 13.4 14.2 15.1 16.0 16.9 17.8 18.7
37 11.7 12.5 13.4 14.2 15.1 16.0 16.8 17.7 18.7
38 11.7 12.5 13.4 14.2 15.1 15.9 16.8 17.7 18.6
39 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.2 15.0 15.9 16.8 17.6 18.5
27
40 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.1 15.0 15.8 16.7 17.6 18.5
41 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.8 16.7 17.5 18.4
42 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.8 16.6 17.5 18.4
43 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.7 16.6 17.4 18.3
44 11.6 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.7 16.5 17.4 18.2
45 11.6 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.5 17.3 18.2
46 11.6 12.4 13.1 13.9 14.8 15.6 16.4 17.3 18.1
47 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.9 14.7 15.5 16.4 17.2 18.1
48 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.9 14.7 15.5 16.3 17.1 18.0
49 11.5 12.3 13.0 13.8 14.6 15.4 16.3 17.1 17.9
50 11.5 12.2 13.0 13.8 14.6 15.4 16.2 17.0 17.9
51 11.5 12.2 13.0 13.7 14.5 15.3 16.1 17.0 17.8
52 11.4 12.2 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.3 16.1 16.9 17.8
53 11.4 12.1 12.9 13.7 14.4 15.2 16.1 16.9 17.7
54 11.4 12.1 12.9 13.6 14.4 15.2 16.0 16.8 17.7
55 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.2 16.0 16.8 17.6
56 11.3 12.0 12.8 13.6 14.3 15.1 15.9 16.8 17.6
57 11.3 12.0 12.8 13.5 14.3 15.1 15.9 16.7 17.6
58 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.0 15.9 16.7 17.5
59 11.2 12.0 12.7 13.5 14.2 15.0 15.8 16.6 17.5
60 11.2 11.9 12.7 13.4 14.2 15.0 15.8 16.6 17.5
61 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.4 14.2 15.0 15.8 16.6 17.4
62 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.7 16.6 17.4
63 11.1 11.9 12.6 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.7 16.5 17.4
64 11.1 11.8 12.6 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.7 16.5 17.4
65 11.1 11.8 12.6 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.7 16.5 17.4
66 11.1 11.8 12.5 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.7 16.5 17.3
67 11.1 11.8 12.5 13.3 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.5 17.3
68 11.0 11.8 12.5 13.3 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.5 17.3
69 11.0 11.7 12.5 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.4 17.3
70 11.0 11.7 12.5 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.4 17.3
71 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.4 17.3
28
Table VIh. Percentiles and z-scores for BMI of girls (0-71 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
0 8.9 9.5 10.1 10.9 11.8 12.9 14.2 16.0 18.3
1 9.9 10.6 11.4 12.3 13.3 14.5 16.0 17.8 19.9
2 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.8 13.9 15.2 16.7 18.5 20.6
3 10.6 11.4 12.2 13.2 14.4 15.7 17.2 18.9 21.0
4 10.8 11.6 12.5 13.5 14.7 16.0 17.5 19.3 21.3
5 10.9 11.7 12.7 13.7 14.9 16.2 17.7 19.5 21.5
6 11.0 11.8 12.8 13.9 15.0 16.4 17.9 19.6 21.5
7 11.1 11.9 12.9 14.0 15.1 16.5 18.0 19.7 21.6
8 11.1 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.2 16.5 18.0 19.7 21.5
9 11.2 12.0 13.0 14.1 15.3 16.6 18.0 19.7 21.5
10 11.2 12.1 13.0 14.1 15.3 16.6 18.0 19.6 21.4
11 11.2 12.1 13.1 14.1 15.3 16.6 18.0 19.6 21.3
12 11.2 12.1 13.1 14.2 15.3 16.6 18.0 19.5 21.2
13 11.3 12.2 13.1 14.2 15.3 16.6 17.9 19.4 21.1
14 11.3 12.2 13.1 14.2 15.3 16.6 17.9 19.4 21.0
15 11.3 12.2 13.2 14.2 15.3 16.5 17.8 19.3 20.8
16 11.4 12.2 13.2 14.2 15.3 16.5 17.8 19.2 20.7
17 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.2 15.3 16.5 17.7 19.1 20.6
18 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.2 15.3 16.4 17.7 19.0 20.5
19 11.5 12.3 13.2 14.2 15.3 16.4 17.6 18.9 20.3
20 11.5 12.3 13.2 14.2 15.2 16.3 17.5 18.8 20.2
21 11.5 12.3 13.2 14.2 15.2 16.3 17.5 18.7 20.1
22 11.5 12.4 13.2 14.2 15.2 16.3 17.4 18.6 20.0
23 11.6 12.4 13.2 14.2 15.2 16.2 17.3 18.6 19.8
24 11.6 12.4 13.2 14.2 15.1 16.2 17.3 18.5 19.7
25 11.6 12.4 13.3 14.2 15.1 16.1 17.2 18.4 19.6
26 11.6 12.4 13.3 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.2 18.3 19.5
27 11.7 12.4 13.3 14.1 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.3 19.5
28 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.1 15.0 16.0 17.1 18.2 19.4
29 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.1 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.1 19.3
30 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.1 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.1 19.2
31 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.1 15.0 15.9 16.9 18.0 19.2
32 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.1 14.9 15.9 16.9 18.0 19.1
33 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.9 16.9 17.9 19.1
34 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.8 16.8 17.9 19.0
35 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.8 16.8 17.8 19.0
36 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.8 16.8 17.8 18.9
37 11.7 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.7 16.7 17.8 18.9
38 11.7 12.4 13.1 13.9 14.8 15.7 16.7 17.7 18.8
39 11.7 12.4 13.1 13.9 14.8 15.7 16.7 17.7 18.8
29
40 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.9 14.7 15.7 16.6 17.7 18.8
41 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.9 14.7 15.6 16.6 17.6 18.7
42 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.8 14.7 15.6 16.6 17.6 18.7
43 11.6 12.3 13.0 13.8 14.7 15.6 16.5 17.6 18.7
44 11.6 12.3 13.0 13.8 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.7
45 11.6 12.2 13.0 13.8 14.6 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.6
46 11.5 12.2 13.0 13.7 14.6 15.5 16.4 17.5 18.6
47 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.7 14.6 15.5 16.4 17.5 18.6
48 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.4 16.4 17.4 18.5
49 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.4 16.4 17.4 18.5
50 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.6 14.5 15.4 16.3 17.4 18.5
51 11.5 12.1 12.9 13.6 14.4 15.3 16.3 17.3 18.4
52 11.5 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.3 16.3 17.3 18.4
53 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.3 16.2 17.3 18.4
54 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.2 16.2 17.2 18.3
55 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.3 15.2 16.2 17.2 18.3
56 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.3 15.2 16.1 17.1 18.2
57 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.2 16.1 17.1 18.2
58 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.1 16.1 17.1 18.2
59 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.2 15.1 16.0 17.0 18.1
60 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.2 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0
61 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.2 15.0 15.9 16.9 18.0
62 11.4 12.0 12.6 13.4 14.1 15.0 15.9 16.9 17.9
63 11.3 12.0 12.6 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.8 16.8 17.9
64 11.3 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.8 16.8 17.8
65 11.3 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.9 15.8 16.7 17.8
66 11.3 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.8 15.7 16.7 17.7
67 11.3 11.9 12.5 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.7 16.6 17.6
68 11.3 11.9 12.5 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.6 17.6
69 11.3 11.9 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.7 15.6 16.5 17.5
70 11.3 11.9 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.7 15.5 16.5 17.5
71 11.3 11.8 12.5 13.1 13.9 14.6 15.5 16.4 17.4
30
Table VIi. Percentiles and z-scores for MUAC of boys (0-60 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
3 9.8 10.0 10.4 10.8 11.2 11.8 12.5 13.5 15.1
4 9.8 10.1 10.5 10.9 11.3 11.9 12.7 13.6 15.1
5 9.9 10.2 10.6 11.0 11.5 12.1 12.8 13.7 15.1
6 10.0 10.3 10.7 11.1 11.6 12.2 12.9 13.8 15.1
7 10.0 10.3 10.7 11.2 11.7 12.3 13.0 13.9 15.1
8 10.0 10.4 10.8 11.3 11.8 12.4 13.1 14.0 15.1
9 10.1 10.4 10.9 11.4 11.9 12.5 13.2 14.1 15.1
10 10.1 10.5 10.9 11.4 12.0 12.6 13.3 14.2 15.1
11 10.1 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.1 12.7 13.4 14.2 15.2
12 10.1 10.5 11.0 11.6 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.3 15.2
13 10.1 10.6 11.1 11.6 12.2 12.8 13.6 14.3 15.2
14 10.1 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.3 12.9 13.6 14.4 15.2
15 10.1 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.3 13.0 13.7 14.4 15.3
16 10.1 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.4 13.0 13.7 14.5 15.3
17 10.1 10.6 11.2 11.8 12.4 13.1 13.8 14.5 15.3
18 10.0 10.6 11.2 11.8 12.5 13.1 13.8 14.6 15.3
19 10.0 10.6 11.2 11.9 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.6 15.4
20 10.0 10.6 11.2 11.9 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.6 15.4
21 10.0 10.6 11.3 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.7 15.4
22 10.0 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.7 15.4
23 10.0 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.5
24 10.0 10.7 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.5
25 10.0 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.5
26 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.2 14.9 15.6
27 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.2 14.9 15.6
28 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.1 12.9 13.6 14.3 14.9 15.6
29 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.2 12.9 13.6 14.3 15.0 15.6
30 9.9 10.7 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.6 14.3 15.0 15.7
31 9.9 10.7 11.5 12.2 13.0 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.7
32 9.9 10.7 11.5 12.3 13.0 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.8
33 9.9 10.7 11.5 12.3 13.1 13.8 14.5 15.2 15.8
34 9.9 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.1 13.8 14.5 15.2 15.9
35 9.9 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.2 13.9 14.6 15.3 15.9
36 9.9 10.8 11.7 12.4 13.2 13.9 14.6 15.3 16.0
37 9.9 10.8 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.0 14.7 15.4 16.0
38 10.0 10.9 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.0 14.7 15.4 16.1
39 10.0 10.9 11.7 12.6 13.3 14.1 14.8 15.5 16.1
40 10.0 10.9 11.8 12.6 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.5 16.2
41 10.0 10.9 11.8 12.6 13.4 14.1 14.9 15.5 16.2
42 10.0 11.0 11.8 12.7 13.4 14.2 14.9 15.6 16.2
31
43 10.0 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.2 14.9 15.6 16.3
44 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.2 15.0 15.7 16.3
45 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.0 15.7 16.4
46 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.6 14.3 15.0 15.7 16.4
47 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.8 13.6 14.3 15.1 15.8 16.4
48 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.1 15.8 16.5
49 10.2 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.9 16.5
50 10.2 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.2 15.9 16.6
51 10.2 11.2 12.1 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.2 15.9 16.6
52 10.2 11.2 12.1 12.9 13.8 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.7
53 10.2 11.2 12.1 13.0 13.8 14.6 15.3 16.0 16.7
54 10.3 11.2 12.1 13.0 13.8 14.6 15.4 16.1 16.8
55 10.3 11.3 12.2 13.0 13.9 14.6 15.4 16.1 16.8
56 10.3 11.3 12.2 13.1 13.9 14.7 15.4 16.2 16.9
57 10.3 11.3 12.2 13.1 13.9 14.7 15.5 16.2 16.9
58 10.3 11.3 12.3 13.1 14.0 14.8 15.5 16.3 17.0
59 10.4 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.3 17.0
60 10.4 11.4 12.3 13.2 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.3 17.1
32
Table VIj. Percentiles and z-scores for MUAC of girls (0-60 months) in the present study
Month 3rd 5th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 95th 97th
-2.67 -2.00 -1.33 -0.67 0.00 0.67 1.33 2.00 2.67
3 9.7 10.1 10.5 10.9 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.3
4 9.7 10.1 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.1 12.7 13.5 14.4
5 9.7 10.1 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.4
6 9.7 10.1 10.6 11.0 11.6 12.2 12.8 13.6 14.4
7 9.8 10.2 10.6 11.1 11.6 12.2 12.9 13.6 14.5
8 9.8 10.2 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.3 12.9 13.7 14.5
9 9.8 10.2 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.3 13.0 13.7 14.6
10 9.8 10.2 10.7 11.2 11.8 12.4 13.0 13.8 14.6
11 9.8 10.2 10.7 11.2 11.8 12.4 13.1 13.9 14.7
12 9.8 10.3 10.8 11.3 11.9 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.7
13 9.8 10.3 10.8 11.4 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.8
14 9.8 10.3 10.8 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.3 14.1 14.9
15 9.8 10.3 10.9 11.5 12.1 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.9
16 9.8 10.4 10.9 11.5 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.2 15.0
17 9.8 10.4 11.0 11.6 12.2 12.9 13.6 14.3 15.0
18 9.9 10.4 11.0 11.6 12.3 12.9 13.6 14.3 15.1
19 9.9 10.5 11.1 11.7 12.3 13.0 13.7 14.4 15.1
20 9.9 10.5 11.1 11.7 12.4 13.1 13.7 14.5 15.2
21 9.9 10.5 11.1 11.8 12.4 13.1 13.8 14.5 15.2
22 9.9 10.5 11.2 11.8 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.6 15.3
23 9.9 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.5 13.2 13.9 14.6 15.3
24 9.9 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.7 15.4
25 9.9 10.6 11.2 11.9 12.6 13.3 14.0 14.7 15.4
26 9.9 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.5
27 9.9 10.6 11.3 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.5
28 9.9 10.6 11.3 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.2 14.9 15.6
29 9.9 10.6 11.4 12.1 12.8 13.5 14.3 15.0 15.7
30 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.2 12.9 13.6 14.3 15.0 15.7
31 9.9 10.7 11.4 12.2 12.9 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.8
32 9.9 10.7 11.5 12.2 13.0 13.7 14.4 15.1 15.9
33 9.9 10.7 11.5 12.3 13.0 13.8 14.5 15.2 15.9
34 9.9 10.7 11.5 12.3 13.1 13.8 14.6 15.3 16.0
35 9.9 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.1 13.9 14.6 15.3 16.0
36 9.9 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.2 13.9 14.7 15.4 16.1
37 9.9 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.2 14.0 14.7 15.5 16.2
38 10.0 10.8 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.0 14.8 15.5 16.2
39 10.0 10.9 11.7 12.5 13.3 14.1 14.9 15.6 16.3
40 10.0 10.9 11.8 12.6 13.4 14.2 14.9 15.6 16.4
41 10.0 10.9 11.8 12.6 13.4 14.2 15.0 15.7 16.4
42 10.0 10.9 11.8 12.7 13.5 14.2 15.0 15.7 16.5
33
43 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.0 15.8 16.5
44 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.5 14.3 15.1 15.8 16.5
45 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.6 14.3 15.1 15.8 16.6
46 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.1 15.9 16.6
47 10.1 11.0 11.9 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.2 15.9 16.6
48 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.8 13.6 14.4 15.2 15.9 16.6
49 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.8 13.7 14.4 15.2 15.9 16.6
50 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.8 13.7 14.5 15.2 16.0 16.7
51 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.2 16.0 16.7
52 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.2 16.0 16.7
53 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.7
54 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.7
55 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.7
56 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.7 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.7
57 10.1 11.1 12.0 12.9 13.8 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.7
58 10.1 11.1 12.1 12.9 13.8 14.5 15.3 16.0 16.7
59 10.1 11.1 12.1 12.9 13.8 14.6 15.3 16.0 16.7
60 10.1 11.1 12.1 12.9 13.8 14.6 15.3 16.0 16.8
34
Annexure VII: Comparison of mean weight, height and BMI of subjects in cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis (two adjacent rounds- 3 month interval)
WEIGHT
Age 0-2 m
3-5 m
6-8 m
9-11 m
12-14 m
15-17 m
18-20 m
21-23 m
24-26 m
27-29 m
30-32 m
33-35 m
36-38 m
39-41 m
42-44 m
45-47 m
48-50 m
51-53 m
54-56 m
57-59 m
60-62 m
63-65 m
66-68 m
69-71 m
LA
CS
n 55 46 52 60 55 54 38 45 37 31 40 39 49 31 31 37 38 29 32 40 42 21 19 22
n Mean
4.2 5.8 6.8 7.6 7.9 8.3 8.8 9.2 9.8 10.1 10.4 10.7 11.3 11.6 12.6 12.6 13.4 13.3 13.8 14.3 14.4 14.6 14.7 15.5
SD 0.97 0.90 1.03 0.84 1.22 1.00 1.59 1.37 1.37 1.39 1.47 1.18 1.54 1.50 1.82 1.60 1.89 1.87 1.71 1.64 1.44 1.80 1.30 1.65
Longitudinal analysis at 3 m
onth interval
Mean 3.9 5.8
47
SD 0.79 0.96
Mean 5.7 7.0
99
SD 0.95 0.91
Mean 6.7 7.5
115
SD 0.97 1.02
Mean 7.7 8.3
116
SD 1.08 1.12
Mean 8.1 8.6
113
SD 1.18 1.26
Mean 8.4 9.0
119
SD 1.11 1.14
Mean 9.0 9.6
131
SD 1.28 1.37
Mean 9.3 9.8
128
SD 1.23 1.29
Mean 9.9 10.4
117
SD 1.20 1.26
Mean 10.1 10.6
115
SD 1.45 1.47
Mean 10.6 11.1
138
SD 1.52 1.47
Mean 11.0 11.6
111
35
SD 1.48 1.59
Mean 11.5 11.9
112
SD 1.51 1.52
Mean 11.9 12.5
107
SD 1.36 1.49
Mean 12.3 12.8
104
SD 1.44 1.39
Mean 12.5 13.0
81
SD 1.31 1.45
Mean 12.7 13.1
82
SD 1.35 1.39
Mean 13.2 13.6
73
SD 1.45 1.50
Mean 13.5 14.0
66
SD 1.58 1.57
Mean 13.4 13.9
61
SD 2.13 2.19
Mean 14.2 14.6
57
SD 1.58 1.58
Mean 14.3 14.8
47
SD 1.23 1.25
Mean 14.8 15.1 41
SD 1.59 1.77
t-test/ ANOVA test (F-value)
0.706 0.27 2.63 1.13 2.33 1.514 0.409 2.395 0.214 1.577 0.310 1.158 0.639 0.580 0.692 1.085 2.88* 0.214 0.393 3.34* 1.004 0.58 0.09 0.766
Weight gain (grams)
1853 1255 781 690.4 529.4 624.8 616.8 506.3 517.1 515.7 514.5 595.5 441.8 549.8 503.0 474.8 426.9 388.1 236.1 380.0 373 162.4 316.7
*, significant ‘t’value / ‘F’-value at p value <0.05
36
HEIGHT
Age group
0-2 m
3-5 m
6-8 m
9-11 m
12-14 m
15-17 m
18-20 m
21-23 m
24-26 m
27-29 m
30-32 m
33-35 m
36-38 m
39-41 m
42-44 m
45-47 m
48-50 m
51-53 m
54-56 m
57-59 m
60-62 m
63-65 m
66-68 m
69-71 m
LA
CS
n 48 44 45 46 45 48 38 42 36 30 39 38 49 31 31 37 37 28 32 39 41 21 19 22
n
Mean 54.8 61.8 66.0 69.9 72.2 73.0 75.6 77.9 79.3 84.4 83.6 84.6 87.9 88.8 92.0 92.5 95.8 96.1 95.9 99.2 100.6 101.2 102.5 105.3
SD 3.22 3.18 2.92 2.56 2.73 2.78 4.33 4.59 5.28 4.48 5.47 4.44 5.78 4.99 5.68 5.16 6.17 7.27 6.28 5.83 4.96 5.03 5.90 5.63
Longitudinal analysis at 3 m
onth interval
Mean 54.7 62.4 47
SD 2.56 2.85
Mean 62.0 66.6 99
SD 3.39 3.28
Mean 66.0 69.9 115
SD 3.03 2.94
Mean 69.8 73.0 116
SD 3.12 3.37
Mean 72.3 74.8 113
SD 3.38 3.53
Mean 73.8 76.2 119
SD 3.66 3.76
Mean 76.2 78.8 131
SD 4.08 4.36
Mean 77.9 80.1 128
SD 4.04 4.40
Mean 80.3 82.6 117
SD 4.54 4.57
Mean 81.6 83.6 115
SD 5.05 4.88
Mean 83.1 85.4 138
SD 5.09 5.01
Mean 85.5 87.5 111
37
SD 5.13 5.17
Mean 87.1 89.4 112
SD 5.11 4.95
Mean 88.9 91.2 107
SD 4.91 4.98
Mean 90.7 93.0 104
SD 5.15 5.08
Mean 91.9 94.1 81
SD 5.01 4.95
Mean 93.8 95.7 82
SD 4.80 5.03
Mean 95.6 97.2 73
SD 5.00 5.21
Mean 96.9 98.8 66
SD 4.62 4.67
Mean 99.8 100.9 61
SD 4.90 5.48
Mean 100.9 102.5 57
SD 3.86 5.56
Mean 101.6 103.0 47
SD 5.15 4.23
Mean 103.4 104.9 41
SD 5.29 4.87
t-test/ ANOVA test (F-value) 0.028 0.423 1.138 0.038 1.66 5.13* 0.374 1.651 0.659 4.34* 0.355 0.485 0.423 0.351 0.808 1.073 2.028 0.087 0.699 0.626 0.059 0.614 0.220 0.087
Height gain (cms)
7.7 4.6 3.9 3.2 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.4
*, significant ‘t’value / ‘F’-value at p value <0.05
38
BMI
Age group
0-2 m
3-5 m
6-8 m
9-11 m
12-14 m
15-17 m
18-20 m
21-23 m
24-26 m
27-29 m
30-32 m
33-35 m
36-38 m
39-41 m
42-44 m
45-47 m
48-50 m
51-53 m
54-56 m
57-59 m
60-62 m
63-65 m
66-68 m
69-71 m
LA
CS
n 48 44 45 46 45 48 38 42 36 30 39 38 49 31 31 37 37 28 32 39 41 21 19 22
n
Mean 13.1 15.3 15.7 15.7 15.1 15.6 15.4 15.0 15.5 15.2 14.9 14.9 14.6 14.8 14.8 14.7 14.7 14.4 15.0 14.5 14.2 14.3 14.0 14.0
SD 1.59 2.09 2.49 1.60 2.29 1.63 2.29 1.83 1.58 1.06 2.03 1.59 1.60 1.42 1.32 1.21 1.54 1.35 1.91 1.80 1.27 1.14 1.13 0.97
Longitudinal analysis at 3 m
onth interval
Mean 12.9 15.0 47
SD 1.46 1.57
Mean 15.1 15.6 99
SD 1.90 1.69
Mean 15.5 15.3 115
SD 1.70 1.50
Mean 15.5 15.6 116
SD 1.66 1.59
Mean 15.5 15.4 113
SD 1.70 1.82
Mean 15.4 15.5 119
SD 1.53 1.55
Mean 15.5 15.5 131
SD 1.48 1.51
Mean 15.4 15.3 128
SD 1.43 1.37
Mean 15.3 15.2 117
SD 1.29 1.26
Mean 15.2 15.2 115
SD 1.29 1.20
Mean 15.2 15.2 138
SD 1.33 1.25
Mean 15.0 15.1 111
39
SD 1.23 1.28
Mean 15.1 14.9 112
SD 1.23 1.27
Mean 15.0 15.0 107
SD 1.18 1.29
Mean 14.9 14.8 104
SD 1.26 1.17
Mean 14.8 14.7 81
SD 1.19 1.23
Mean 14.4 14.3 82
SD 1.03 1.05
Mean 14.4 14.4 73
SD 1.00 1.17
Mean 14.4 14.3 66
SD 1.18 1.10
Mean 14.0 14.0 61
SD 1.99 1.91
Mean 14.0 13.9 57
SD 1.18 1.06
Mean 14.0 14.0 47
SD 1.05 1.13
Mean 14.3 14.1 41
SD 1.42 1.46
t-test/ ANOVA test (F-value) 0.407 0.306 0.205 1.119 1.316 0.285 0.082 1.716 0.336 0.000 0.780 1.176 2.868* 0.367 0.348 0.110 1.492 0.193 2.603 1.185 0.263 1.073 0.729 0.083
Difference in BMI (kg/sqm)
2.12 0.58 -0.21 0.07 -0.09 0.14 0.01 -0.10 -0.09 0.01 -0.07 0.09 -0.19 -0.07 -0.12 -0.18 -0.10 -0.06 -0.07 -0.26 0.14 -0.07 -0.18
*, significant ‘t’value / ‘F’-value at p value <0.05
40
Annexure VIII. Comparison of mean weight, height and BMI of subjects in cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis (three adjacent rounds- 6 month interval)
Age group 0-5 m 6-11 m 12-17 m 18-23 m 24-29 m 30-35 m 36-41 m 42-47 m 48-53 m 54-59 m 60-65 m 66-71 m LA
WEIGHT
CS
n 101 112 109 83 68 79 80 68 67 72 63 41
n
Mean 4.9 7.2 8.1 9.0 10.2 10.5 11.4 12.6 13.4 13.6 14.5 15.1
SD 1.25 1.00 1.13 1.48 1.46 1.33 1.52 1.69 1.87 1.56 1.56 1.54
Longitudinal analysis at 6 m
onth interval
Mean 4.9 7.1 74
SD 1.23 0.98
Mean 7.2 8.2 138
SD 1.06 1.14
Mean 8.1 9.2 165
SD 1.12 1.25
Mean 8.9 10.0 180
SD 1.23 1.33
Mean 10.1 10.8 182
SD 1.31 1.44
Mean 10.7 11.6 163
SD 1.56 1.64
Mean 11.5 12.5 143
SD 1.39 1.51
Mean 12.4 13.3 115
SD 1.33 1.41
Mean 13.2 13.7 108
SD 1.55 1.63
Mean 13.8 14.3 84
SD 1.42 1.37
Mean 14.2 15.0 60
SD 1.42 1.36 t-test/ ANOVA test (F-value) 0.000 0.274 0.360 2.368* 0.604 1.152 0.483 0.397 0.009 0.325 0.697 0.118
Weight gain (grams) 2201.4 1073.2 1083.1 1106.2 700.0 931.9 980.4 900.0 500.0 472.6 815.0
*, significant ‘t’value / ‘F’-value at p value <0.05
41
HEIGHT
Age group 0-5 m 6-11 m 12-17 m 18-23 m 24-29 m 30-35 m 36-41 m 42-47 m 48-53 m 54-59 m 60-65 m 66-71 m LA
CS
n 92 91 93 80 66 77 80 68 65 71 62 41
n
Mean 58.1 68.0 72.6 76.8 81.6 84.1 88.2 92.3 96.0 97.7 100.8 104.0
SD 4.76 3.36 2.77 4.59 5.53 4.98 5.47 5.37 6.61 6.22 4.95 5.85
Longitudinal analysis at 6 m
onth interval
Mean 58.8 68.0 74
SD 4.51 3.16
Mean 67.5 72.8 138
SD 3.32 3.29
Mean 72.6 76.5 165
SD 3.74 4.02
Mean 76.1 80.8 180
SD 4.03 4.51
Mean 80.7 84.0 182
SD 5.00 5.10
Mean 83.7 87.7 163
SD 4.91 5.10
Mean 87.6 91.7 143
SD 4.91 5.08
Mean 91.6 95.2 115
SD 4.88 4.90
Mean 95.7 97.8 108
SD 5.09 5.17
Mean 97.6 100.5 84
SD 4.64 4.73
Mean 100.0 103.5 60
SD 4.17 4.72 t-test/ ANOVA test (F-value) 0.929 0.866 0.158 0.893 0.864 0.228 0.378 0.447 0.508 0.034 0.463 0.225
Height gain (cms) 9.2 5.3 3.9 4.7 3.3 4.0 4.1 3.6 2.1 2.9 3.5
*, significant ‘t’value / ‘F’-value at p value <0.05
42
BMI
Age group 0-5 m 6-11 m 12-17 m 18-23 m 24-29 m 30-35 m 36-41 m 42-47 m 48-53 m 54-59 m 60-65 m 66-71 m LA
CS
n 92 91 93 80 66 77 80 68 65 71 62 41
n
Mean 14.6 15.7 15.3 15.2 15.3 15.1 14.9 15.0 14.7 14.5 14.1 14.0
SD 2.31 2.08 1.98 2.06 1.37 1.81 1.52 1.25 1.46 1.86 1.22 1.03
Longitudinal analysis at 6 m
onth interval
Mean 14.5 15.6 74
SD 2.27 1.74
Mean 15.6 15.5 138
SD 1.75 1.64
Mean 15.4 15.4 165
SD 1.60 1.61
Mean 15.3 15.4 180
SD 1.47 1.34
Mean 15.3 15.2 182
SD 1.22 1.15
Mean 15.2 15.1 163
SD 1.23 1.20
Mean 15.0 14.8 143
SD 1.17 1.20
Mean 14.7 14.6 115
SD 1.21 1.21
Mean 14.6 14.5 108
SD 1.12 1.17
Mean 14.3 14.0 84
SD 1.15 1.15
Mean 14.1 14.0 60
SD 1.19 1.16 t-test/ ANOVA test (F-value) 0.078 0.093 0.628 0.548 0.311 0.180 0.707 1.308 0.164 0.596 0.178 0.000
Difference in BMI (kg/sqm) 1.10 -0.18 -0.02 0.05 -0.09 -0.13 -0.15 -0.12 -0.10 -0.10 -0.04
*, significant ‘t’value / ‘F’-value at p value <0.05
43
An
ne
xu
re IX
: Co
mp
ariso
n o
f me
an
we
igh
t, he
igh
t an
d B
MI o
f sub
jects in
cross-se
ction
al a
nd
lon
gitu
din
al a
na
lysis (fo
ur a
dja
cen
t rou
nd
s- 9m
on
th in
terv
al)
Age group
0-8 m
9-17 m
18-26 m
27-35 m
36-44 m
45-53 m
54-62 m
63-71 m
LA
Weight
CS
n
153
169
120
110
111
104
114
62
n
Mean
5.6
7.9
9.3
10.6
11.7
13.1
13.8
14.8
SD
1.4
8
1.0
6
1.4
8
1.3
5
1.6
9
1.8
1
1.5
6
1.5
9
Longitudinal analysis at 9 month interval
Mean
5.8
8.0
163
SD
1.3
6
1.2
0
Mean
8.0
9.5
244
SD
1.2
3
1.3
7
Mean
9.2
10.5
256
SD
1.3
4
1.4
2
Mean
10.5
11.7
230
SD
1.5
1
1.6
8
Mean
11.6
12.8
191
SD
1.4
4
1.4
9
Mean
12.6
13.6
174
SD
1.5
8
1.4
5
Mean
13.4
14.6
114
SD
1.5
1
1.5
7
t-te
st/ A
NO
VA te
st (F
-valu
e)
1.5
67
0.4
33
3.0
08*
0.2
15
0.2
39
3.1
87*
2.0
30
0.6
46
Weight g
ain
(grams)
2244.7
1464.8
1304.0
1120.4
1235.3
1009.6
1118.7
He
igh
t
CS
n
137
139
116
107
111
102
112
62
n
Mean
61.7
71.7
77.6
84.2
89.3
94.7
98.8
103.0
SD
5.0
2
2.9
9
4.9
3
4.8
2
5.7
7
6.3
3
5.9
3
5.7
1
Longitudinal analysis at 9 month interval
Mean
62.8
71.9
163
SD
4.5
8
3.4
4
Mean
72.0
78.2
244
SD
4.0
0
4.3
7
Mean
76.9
83.0
256
SD
4.4
2
4.7
8
Mean
82.9
88.5
230
SD
5.2
1
5.3
0
Mean
88.4
93.7
191
SD
5.2
0
5.5
4
Mean
93.4
97.5
174
SD
4.8
5
5.0
5
Mean
98.2
102.1
114
SD
4.8
2
5.4
4
t-te
st/ A
NO
VA te
st (F
-valu
e)
2.9
48
0.3
48
5.2
21*
2.1
99
1.1
08
1.0
24
2.1
43
1.0
71
Height g
ain (c
ms)
9.12
6.21
6.12
5.62
5.30
4.86
4.89
44
BM
I
Age group
0-8 m
9-17
m
18-26 m
27-35 m
36-44 m
45-53 m
54-62 m
63-71 m
LA
CS
n
137
139
116
107
111
102
112
62
n
Mean
15.0
15.5
15.3
15.2
14.7
14.6
14.4
14.1
SD
2.4
3
1.8
7
1.9
2
1.6
4
1.4
7
1.3
7
1.6
8
1.0
7
Longitudinal analysis at 9 month interval
Mean
15.3
15.5
163
SD
1.8
3
1.7
6
Mean
15.5
15.4
244
SD
1.6
6
1.5
8
Mean
15.4
15.2
256
SD
1.5
0
1.2
6
Mean
15.3
14.8
230
SD
1.2
7
1.2
5
Mean
14.8
14.6
191
SD
1.1
9
1.1
0
Mean
14.5
14.3
174
SD
1.5
0
1.1
1
Mean
14.2
14.0
114
SD
1.3
8
1.1
5
t-test/ A
NO
VA te
st (F
-valu
e)
1.4
84
0.2
20
0.1
80
0.3
92
0.2
69
0.3
13
0.6
05
0.3
19
Diffe
rence in
BMI
(kg/sqm)
9.12
6.21
6.12
5.62
5.30
4.86
4.89
*, significant ‘t’v
alue / ‘F
’-value at p value <0.05
45
An
ne
xu
re X
: Co
mp
ariso
n o
f me
an
we
igh
t, he
igh
t an
d B
MI o
f sub
jects in
cross-se
ction
al a
nd
lon
gitu
din
al a
na
lysis
(five
ad
jace
nt ro
un
ds- 1
2 m
on
th in
terv
al)
DATA
Age group
0-11 m
12-23 m
24-35 m
36-47 m
48-59 m
60-71 m
LA
WEIGHT (kg)
CS
n
213
192
147
148
139
104
n
Mean
6.2
8.5
10.4
12.0
13.6
14.6
SD
1.6
1
1.3
6
1.3
9
1.7
0
1.8
0
1.5
7
Longitudinal analysis at 12 month
interval
Mean
6.3
8.8
209
SD
1.4
7
1.2
5
Mean
8.6
10.4
290
SD
1.2
6
1.5
5
Mean
10.6
11.7
213
SD
1.4
6
1.5
9
Mean
11.5
13.1
197
SD
1.5
9
1.5
8
Mean
13.4
14.3
116
SD
1.3
3
1.3
3
t-test/ A
NO
VA te
st (F
-valu
e)
0.4
44
2.8
86*
0.3
24
1.5
10
4.1
60*
2.3
53
Weight g
ain (g
rams)
2440.2
1773.8
1076.0
1760.6
936.2
HEIGHT (cm)
CS
n
183
173
143
148
136
103
n
Mean
63.0
74.5
82.9
89.1
96.9
102.1
SD
6.4
2
4.2
7
5.3
7
5.7
8
6.4
5
5.5
3
Longitudinal analysis at 12 month
interval
Mean
64.1
75.5
209
SD
5.6
3
4.1
9
Mean
75.2
82.6
290
SD
4.5
6
4.8
7
Mean
81.9
88.6
213
SD
4.8
8
5.2
0
Mean
88.0
95.2
197
SD
7.8
8
5.5
5
Mean
95.7
101.3
116
SD
4.8
1
5.3
2
t-test/ A
NO
VA te
st (F
-valu
e)
2.2
61
2.5
75
2.0
05
1.2
70
4.1
37*
1.1
89
Height g
ain (g
rams)
10.4
8.1
7.5
7.2
6.6
BMI (kg/sqm)
CS
n
183
173
143
148
136
103
n
Mean
15.1
15.3
15.1
14.7
14.7
14.1
SD
2.2
7
2.0
1
1.6
3
1.4
0
1.6
8
1.1
5
Longitudinal analysis at 12 month
interval
Mean
15.2
15.3
209
SD
1.8
7
1.5
1
Mean
15.4
15.2
290
SD
1.4
4
1.5
5
Mean
15.1
14.8
213
SD
1.2
6
1.2
1
Mean
14.7
14.5
197
SD
1.6
0
1.2
2
Mean
14.3
14.0
116
SD
1.1
3
1.2
0
t-test/ A
NO
VA te
st (F
-valu
e)
0.2
29
0.3
12
0.3
65
0.2
98
2.7
33*
0.3
94
BMI g
ain (g
rams)
0.19
-0.22
-0.25
-0.29
-0.62
46
46
0
5
10
15
20
25
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
Weight (kg)
Age (months)
PS P3 WHO P3 PS P50
WHO P50 PS P97 WHO P97
Figure XIa: Comparison of weight percentiles of PS boys with WHO 2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
weight (kg)
Age (months)
NCHS P3 NCHS P50 NCHS P97
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97
Figure XIb: Comparison of weight percentiles of PS boys with NCHS/ WHO
1977
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
Weight (kg)
Age (months)
PS P3 WHO P3 PS P50
WHO P50 PS P97 WHO P97
Figure XIc: Comparison of weight percentiles of PS girls with WHO 2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
Weight (kg)
Age (months)
PS P3 NCHS P3 PS P50
NCHS P50 PS P97 NCHS P97
Figure XId: Comparison of weight percentiles of PS girls with NCHS/WHO 1977
Annexure XI: Comparison of weight percentiles of PS boys and
girls with WHO 2006 standards and NCHS/WHO 1977
47
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
Height (cm)
Age (months)
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97
WHO P3 WHO P50 WHO P97
Figure XIIa: Comparison of height percentiles of PS Boys with WHO 2006
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
He
igh
t (c
m)
Age (months)
PS P3 PS P50
PS P97 NCHS P3
NCHS P50 NCHS P97
Figure XIIb: Comparison of height percentiles of PS boys with NCHS/WHO 1977
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
Height (cm)
Age (months)
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97
WHO P3 WHO P50 WHO P97
Figure XIIc: Comparison of height percentiles of PSgirls with WHO 2006
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0-2 m
6-8 m
12-14 m
18-20 m
24-26 m
30-32 m
36-38 m
42-44 m
48-50 m
54-56 m
60-62 m
66-68 m
Height (cm)
Age (months)
PS P3 PS P50PS P97 NCHS P3
NCHS P50 NCHS P97
Figure XIId: Comparison of height percentilesof PS girls with NCHS/WHO 1977
Annexure XII: Comparison of height percentiles of PS boys and
girls with WHO 2006 standards and NCHS/WHO 1977
48
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
48-52 cm
53-57 cm
58-62 cm
63-67 cm
68-72 cm
73-77 cm
78-82 cm
83-87 cm
88-92 cm
93-97 cm
98-102 cm
103-107 cm
108-112 cm
113-117 cm
Weight (kg)
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97
WHO P3 WHO P50 WHO P97
Figure XIIIa: Comparison of weight-for-height percentiles of PS boys with WHO
2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
48-52 cm
53-57 cm
58-62 cm
63-67 cm
68-72 cm
73-77 cm
78-82 cm
83-87 cm
88-92 cm
93-97 cm
98-102 cm
103-107 cm
108-112 cm
113-117 cm
Weight (kg)
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97NCHS P3 NCHS P50 NCHS P97
Figure XIIIb: Comparison of weight-for-height percentiles of PS boys with
NCHS/WHO 1977
0
5
10
15
20
25
48-52 cm
53-57 cm
58-62 cm
63-67 cm
68-72 cm
73-77 cm
78-82 cm
83-87 cm
88-92 cm
93-97 cm
98-102 cm
103-107 cm
108-112 cm
Weight (kg)
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97
WHO P3 WHO P50 WHO P97
Figure XIIIc: Comparison of weight-for-height percentiles of PS girls with WHO
2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
48-52 cm
53-57 cm
58-62 cm
63-67 cm
68-72 cm
73-77 cm
78-82 cm
83-87 cm
88-92 cm
93-97 cm
98-102 cm
103-107 cm
108-112 cm
Weight (kg)
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97
NCHS P3 NCHS P50 NCHS P97
Figure XIIId: Comparison of weight-for-height percentiles of PS girls
with NCHS/WHO 1977
Annexure XIII: Comparison of weight-for-height percentiles of PS
boys and girls with WHO 2006 standards and NCHS/WHO 1977
49
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0-2 m
3-5 m
6-8 m
9-11 m
12-14 m
15-17 m
18-20 m
21-23 m
24-26 m
27-29 m
30-32 m
33-35 m
36-38 m
39-41 m
42-44 m
45-47 m
48-50 m
51-53 m
54-56 m
57-59 m
60-62 m
63-65 m
66-68 m
69-72 m
BMI (kg/sqm)
Age (months)
PS P3 WHO P3 PS P50 WHO P50 PS P97 WHO P97
Figure XIVa: Comparison of BMI-for-age percentiles of PS boys with WHO 2006
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0-2 m
3-5 m
6-8 m
9-11 m
12-14 m
15-17 m
18-20 m
21-23 m
24-26 m
27-29 m
30-32 m
33-35 m
36-38 m
39-41 m
42-44 m
45-47 m
48-50 m
51-53 m
54-56 m
57-59 m
60-62 m
63-65 m
66-68 m
69-72 m
BMI (kg/sqm)
Age (months)
PS P3 PS P50 PS P97 WHO P3 WHO P50 WHO P97
Figure XIVb : Comparison of BMI-for-age percentiles of PS girls with WHO 2006
Annexure XIV: Comparison of BMI-for-age percentiles of PS boys
and girls with WHO 2006 standards and NCHS/WHO 1977
50
10
12
14
16
18
20
3-5 m
6-8 m
9-11 m
12-17 m
18-23 m
24-29 m
30-35 m
36-47 m
48-60 m
MUAC (cm)
P3 PS P3 WHO 2006 P50 PS P50 WHO 2006 P97 PS P97 WHO 2006
Figure XVa: Comparison of 3rd, 50th and 97th percentiles of MUAC of PS boys with WHO 2006
10
12
14
16
18
20
3-5 m
6-8 m
9-11 m
12-17 m
18-23 m
24-29 m
30-35 m
36-47 m
48-60 m
MU
AC
(cm
)
P3 PS P3 WHO 2006 P50 PS P50 WHO 2006 P97 PS P97 WHO 2006
Figure XVb: Comparison of 3rd, 50th and 97th percentiles of MUAC of PS girls with WHO 2006
Annexure XV: Comparison of MUAC-for-age percentiles of PS boys
and girls with WHO 2006 standards and NCHS/WHO 1977
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0 4 8 12 16
He
igh
t (c
m)
Figure XVIb: 'No change' in height
Figure depicted height-for-age growth trajectory of five girls in the present study
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0 4 8 12 16
Height (cm)
Figure XVI a: Downward deviation in height
Figure depicted Height-for-age growth trajectories of six boys in the present study
20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
Age (months)
Figure XVIb: 'No change' in height-for-age growth trajectories based on WHO 2006 growth charts
age growth trajectory of five girls in the present study
20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
Age (months)
Figure XVI a: Downward deviation in height-gor-age growth trajectories based on WHO 2006 growth charts
growth trajectories of six boys in the present study
51
-3SD
-2SD
-1SD
0
1 SD
2 SD
56 60 64 68
age growth trajectories based on
-3 SD
-2 SD
-1 SD
0
1 SD
2 SD
56 60 64 68
age growth trajectories based
Annexure XVI
52
ANNEXURE XVII. Findings from Focus Group Discussions
The FGDs focused on current dietary pattern of the family and infant and young child
feeding practices. A total of 6 FGDs (one FGD in one AWC) were conducted with a
group of 8-10 mothers in the AWC. All FGDs were conducted in hindi language.
Activity: Mothers were asked to paste pictures of various food items according to the
frequency of their consumption in the family (daily, weekly, monthly and never). The
activity was carried out in pairs which were chosen by the participants themselves. The
activity helped in initiating the discussion among the group of members. The information
received from the six FGDs is given below:
FGD 1: AWC 1 (Duration: 40 min, Hindi)
Meal Pattern- All the mothers agreed that they generally cooked twice in a day, once in
morning for both breakfast and lunch and once for dinner. There was not much
variability in the meal pattern of the families living in this area. They cooked one
vegetable/ dal with chapatti/rice in the morning and same was eaten in breakfast and
lunch “sawere hi bana lete hain subzi roti..roti kharab thodi hoti hain”. Same food was
given as packed lunch for fathers and older school going children. Dinner was cooked in
the late evening and was majorly consisted of vegetable/dal with roti / rice. Tea in early
morning and evening was dependent on affordability of milk by the households.
Families preferred to eat biscuits / rusk / bread with tea in the morning / evening.
Generally there was no leftover food and in case if there was leftover food from lunch
then it was consumed (resauteing with oil and spices) in the evening/dinner. However,
leftover food from dinner was thrown away in summers and in winters it was consumed
next day. Many households did not have facility for storage of food ‘abhi fridge to hai
nahin to fek hi dete hai bacha hua khana, sardiyon mein to savere kha lete hain’.
Snacking was very uncommon among the families. However, some mothers told that
they used to give money to children to buy toffees, icecreams, samosa, chowmein from
the nearby shops.
Description of the Group (8 members)
Name of
participant
Age of the youngest
child (months)
Native
place
Laxmi 18 U.P
Priya 24 U.P
Prema 10 Bihar
Sharda 8 Bihar
Sheela 38 U.P
Rekha 45 Bihar
Omwati 22 Haryana
Sunita 44 U.P.
53
Frequency of consumption of various food items- Most of the women agreed that
they ate rice, chapatti, dal and a seasonal vegetable daily. Red gram and bengal gram
were the most preferred pulses. All the families bought wheat, rice and sugar from
nearby PDS shop as these items were available there at subsidized rates. Milk was
generally bought by households who had children below two years of age and who
could afford milk. Majority of the mothers agreed that they dilute milk with water in a
proportion of 2:1”haan paani to milate hi hain- ek thali (500 ml) mein ek glass to mila hi
dete hain”. Fruits, egg, fish or meat were consumed once in a week by most of the
families. Mustard oil was a preferred medium for cooking. Very few households used
ghee or vanaspati or refined oil for cooking food. Jam, butter, juices and pickles were
eaten rarely by any of the families.
Food supplementation- Only half of the mothers reported that their children received
food supplementation daily from the AWC. Other mothers stated that they did not
received food supplementation daily as their children didn’t like the taste of certain food
items distributed at the AWC. Some mothers also commented that they were generally
busy in their daily household chores at the time of distribution of food supplementation
at the AWC, therefore, could not come to collect food supplement daily and their
children were too young to take away the hot-cooked meal “garam hota hain to bacche
to nahin leke ja sakte- humein jab time milta hain to le jaate hain”. The food received
from the AWC was generally fed to the younger child but if the child refused to eat it, it
was consumed by some other family member as keeping it longer would contaminate
the food.
Infant feeding practices- All mother had breastfed their children. There was
consensus among the mothers that children should be breastfed. There was certain
disagreement in the group regarding colostrum feeding as some considered it as
immature milk that could not be digested by the neonates and some emphasised that
doctors have told them that this milk was good for the child’s health. Majority of the
mothers had given prelacteal foods to their children before initiating breastfeeding
“bacche ko shahad ya chini ka paani pilate hain, phir acche se doodh dho kar hi bacche
ko doodh pilate hain”.
Though breastfeeding was a common phenomenon among the mothers, but exclusive
breastfeeding was not followed by them. One of the mothers said that “Paani to paida
hone se pila dete hain, bacchon ke hoth sukh jaate hain” (water has to be fed to the
child as it prevents drying of lips in summers), other mothers agreed to it. However,
most of the mothers didn’t prefer to give top milk in addition to breast milk to the infants.
Only when infants discontinued breastfeeding, they preferred to give top milk. Majority
of the mothers agreed that they had started giving semisolids only when the child has
started sitting (6-8 months) “jab baccha bethene lagta hai to chata dete hain dal ka
paani wagarh”. Most of the mothers fed biscuits or rusk dipped in the milk or tea to the
child once or twice a day. Some mothers reported that they cook dalia/ khichdi/ suji
kheer for feeding the young child. Very few mothers said that they fed cerelac/ sattu /
infant mixes to the child as these were expensive items.
54
FGD 2: AWC 2 (Duration: 40 min, hindi)
Description of the Group (10 members)
Name of
participant
Age of the youngest
child (months) Native place
Sudha 12 Bihar
Sunita 15 UP
Sonam 24 Jharkhand
Meena 34 West Bengal
Urmila 10 UP
Nisha 28 Haryana
Rajni 30 Haryana
Kavita 48 UP
Meal Pattern- Mothers preferred to cook a vegetable/dal with chapatti/rice in their meals. All the mothers agreed that they generally cooked twice in a day, once in morning for both breakfast and lunch and once for dinner. Most mothers expressed that tea was the preferred beverage in early morning and usually accompanied with biscuits/rusk/bread. Generally there was no leftover food. If some food was leftover in winters, it was eaten in the next meal but in summers it was usually thrown. Most of the families did not own a refrigerator. Cooked food was not usually thrown. Some mothers said that ‘kabhi kabhi bach jata hain to hum kha lete hain’. Snacking was confined to children who preferred to eat toffees, ice-creams, chowmein, sweets from the local shops.
Frequency of consumption of various food items- The discussion with the mothers regarding frequency of consumption of various food items provided information that most of the families ate rice, chapatti, dal and a seasonal vegetable daily, however consumption of egg/fish/meat and sweets was confined to once or twice in a fortnight. Most of the families availed rice, wheat and sugar from the nearby PDS shop at subsidized rates. The mothers expressed concern about the consumption of milk and fruits were dependent on affordability and were majorly bought for children in the families. Dilution of milk was common among families. Mustard oil was a preferred medium for cooking. Very few households used ghee or vanaspati or refined oil for cooking food. Jam, butter, juices and pickles were eaten rarely by any of the families. Food supplementation- Mothers expressed their concern over food supplementation available at the AWCs. Most of the mothers were unhappy with the shift from dry supplement to hot cooked meal as they did not like the taste of certain food items distributed at the AWCs and also young children could not carry hot cooked meal “jab meetha dalia or halwa puri aata hain to le jaate hain”. Mothers stated that either they themselves bring supplement or they send their older children for the same. The food received from the AWC was shared by all the children in the family; leftover was eaten by the other family members. Infant feeding practices- There was consensus among the mothers that children should be breastfed. Colostrum discarding, prelacteal feeding and early introduction of water were usual practices followed by most of the mothers. It was important to note that mothers were aware of the fact that doctors did not let discard colostrum and laid importance on initiation of breastfeeding immediately after delivery “hospital mein to turant hi laga dete hain, kehte hain pehla doodh pilao”.
55
There was agreement among the group that complementary feeding was initiated at 6-8 months of age and food items preferred were mashed fruits and vegetables, biscuits /rusk dipped in milk, khichdi and dalia. However, frequency of feeding these items were only once or twice a day. Majority of the mothers breastfed their children for more than two years and discontinued only when the child itself stopped demanding.
FGD 3: AWC 3 (Duration: 40 min, hindi)
Description of the Group (8 members)
Name of
participant
Age of the youngest
child (months)
Native
place
Kamla 12 UP
Savitri 20 UP
Kanchan 36 Bihar
Meera 28 UP
Seema 48 UP
Beena 7 Bihar
Rajwanti 24 Haryana
Rohini 15 Haryana
Meal Pattern- There was not much variability in the meal pattern of the families in the area. In the morning, chapattis and a seasonal vegetable was usually prepared. This was eaten in breakfast and lunch. Similarly, vegetable/dal with chapatti/rice was preferred in the dinner by most of the families. Early morning tea and evening tea were preferred by only few families. Generally there was no leftover food. If some food was leftover in winters, it was eaten in the next meal but in summers it was usually thrown. Most of the families did not own a refrigerator. Cooked food was not usually thrown. Toffees, ice-creams, chowmein, and sweets were the most liked snacks eaten by the children. Eating out was very uncommon and was confined to big occasions like wedding parties, fairs like Dusshera / Diwali mela etc.
Frequency of consumption of various food items- There was consensus among the group that families preferred to eat rice, chapatti, dal and a seasonal vegetable daily. Consumption of fruits, egg/fish/meat and sweets was limited to once or twice in a fortnight as these are expensive food items. Most of the families availed rice, wheat and sugar from the nearby PDS shop at subsidized rates. Mustard oil was a preferred medium for cooking as it is cheap. Very few households used ghee or vanaspati or refined oil for cooking food. Food supplementation- Taste of the various cooked preparations distributed at the AWCs was a major factor determining collection of food supplement from AWC. Mothers stated that they come to collect only those food items which are preferred by the children. Most of the mothers showed their apprehension towards hot cooked meal over dry supplement given earlier in ICDS humein to sukha wala khana hi pasand tha’. Mothers stated that either they themselves bring supplement or they send their older children for the same, as there is no on the spot feeding and hot cooked meal could not
56
be bring by the young children. The food received from the AWC was shared by all the children in the family; leftover was eaten by the other family members. Infant feeding practices- There was consensus among the mothers that all children should be breastfed. However, most of the mothers were not aware of benefits of early initiation, colostrums feeding and exclusive breastfeeding on health and nutritional status of the children. Prelacteal feeds like honey, sugar water and jaggery water were commonly given before initiating breastfeeding. One of the mothers stated that ‘garmiyon mein to paida hote hi pani chata dete hain- hoth sukh jate hain bacchon ke’, all the other mothers agreed that water should be given to children since birth atleast in summers. Other woman stated that “aajkal doctors to 6 mahine tak paani bhi nahin dene dete”, however the group had shown disagreement towards not introducing water before 6 months of age. There was agreement among the group that complementary feeding was initiated at 6-8 months of age generally when the child started to sit. The food items preferred were mashed fruits and vegetables, biscuits /rusk dipped in milk, khichdi and dalia. However, frequency of feeding these items were only once or twice a day. Majority of the mothers breastfed their children for more than two years and discontinued only when the child itself stopped demanding.
FGD 4: AWC 4 (Duration: 40 min, hindi)
Meal Pattern- Most of the mothers stated that they follow a three meal pattern
comprising of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Mothers cooked twice in a day, once in
morning for both breakfast and lunch and once for dinner. Same food was given as
packed lunch for fathers and older school going children. All meals were majorly
consisted of vegetable/dal with roti / rice. Families preferred to eat biscuits / rusk / bread
with tea in the morning / evening. Mothers also emphasized that they buy milk for the
young children.
Generally there was no leftover food and in case if there was leftover food from lunch
then it was consumed in the evening/dinner “itna hi banate hai ki bachta hi nahin”.
However, leftover food from dinner was thrown away in summers and in winters it was
consumed next day. Many households did not have facility for storage of food. Snacking
Description of the Group (8 members)
Name of
participant
Age of the youngest
child (months)
Native
place
Asha 24 Haryana
Khushi 22 Haryana
Sheela 36 UP
Nargis 12 UP
Chandra 28 UP
Manisha 24 Bihar
Kanchan 12 UP
Rajendri 18 Bihar
57
and eating out was very uncommon among the families. Children preferred to eat
toffees, icecreams, samosa, mathri, chowmein etc from nearby local vendors.
Frequency of consumption of various food items- The discussion regarding
frequency of consumption of various food items indicated that families ate rice, chapatti,
dal and a seasonal vegetable daily. Most of the families bought wheat, rice and sugar
from nearby PDS shop as these items were available there at subsidized rates. Fruits,
egg, fish or meat were consumed once in a week by most of the families. Mustard oil
was a preferred medium for cooking. Refined oil, vanaspati and ghee were used on
special occasions like festivals and weddings.
Food supplementation- Only half of the mothers reported that their children received
food supplementation daily from the AWC. Taste of various food items and availability of
a family member for collecting the supplement were the major reasons stated by the
mothers affecting the collection of food supplement from the anganwadi centre. Some
mothers also commented that they were generally busy in their daily household chores
at the time of distribution of food supplementation at the AWC, therefore, could not
come to collect food supplement daily and their children were too young to take away
the hot-cooked meal. The food received from the AWC was generally fed to the younger
child but if the child refused to eat it, it was consumed by some other family member as
keeping it longer would contaminate the food.
Infant feeding practices- There was consensus among the mothers that children
should be breastfed. There was certain disagreement in the group regarding colostrum
feeding as some considered it as yellowish dirty milk that could not be digested by the
infants and some mothers do emphasised that doctors have told them that this milk was
good for the child’s health. Majority of the mothers had given prelacteal foods to their
children before initiating breastfeeding such as honey, goat milk or cow milk.
However, most of the mothers didn’t prefer to give top milk in addition to breast milk to
the infants. One of the mothers stated that top milk is given to the child only when
breast milk was insufficient and the child remained hungry. Other mothers agreed to it.
Mothers were aware of the fact that child should be given complementary food at the
age of 6 months. On the other hand, they agreed that child started eating semisolids
only when he/she starts sitting (6-9 months). Sitting of the child was considered as a
milestone for initiating complementary feeding by most of the mothers. Most of the
mothers preferred feeding biscuits or rusk dipped in the milk or tea to the child once or
twice a day. Some mothers reported that they cook dalia/ khichdi/ suji kheer for feeding
the young child. Very few mothers said that they fed cerelac/ sattu / infant mixes to the
child as these were expensive items.
58
FGD 5: AWC 5 (Duration: 40 min, hindi)
Description of the Group (10 members)
Name of
participant
Age of the youngest
child (months) Native place
Manisha 24 Bihar
Durga 12 Bihar
Rajbala 18 Haryana
Gunwati 20 Haryana
Munni 36 UP
Sarita 9 UP
Sarawati 10 Bihar
Sundri 30 UP
Gunja 12 Bihar
Laxmi 18 UP
Meal Pattern- Majority of the mothers expressed that they cooked twice in a day comprising of three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner). They cooked a vegetable/dal with chapatti/rice in their meals. Most mothers stated that tea was the preferred beverage in early morning and usually accompanied with biscuits/rusk/bread. Generally there was no leftover food. If some food was leftover in winters, it was eaten in the next meal but in summers it was usually thrown. Most of the families did not own a refrigerator. Cooked food was not usually thrown. Some mothers said that ‘kabhi kabhi bach jata hain to hum kha lete hain’. Snacking and eating out was very uncommon among the families and children preferred to buy toffees, ice-creams, chowmein and sweets from the nearby local shops or vendors. Frequency of consumption of various food items- Cereals like rice and wheat flour, a pulse, seasonal vegetable available and affordable, were consumed daily by the families. The consumption of egg/fish/meat and sweets was limited to once or twice in a fortnight. Most of the families availed rice, wheat and sugar from the nearby PDS shop at subsidized rates. The mothers expressed concern about the consumption of milk and fruits were dependent on affordability and were majorly bought for young children in the families. Dilution of milk was common among families. Majority of the families use mustard oil for cooking. Use of vanaspati, ghee, butter and refined oil was confined to festivals and auspicious occasions. Food supplementation- Mothers expressed their concern over taste and method of food preparation of food supplementation available at the AWCs. Many mothers preferred dry supplement over hot cooked meal as it has long shelf life. Mothers agreed that they collected only those food items which were preferred by the children like halwa poori, chana dal pulao and chole rice. The food received from the AWC was shared by all the children in the family; leftover was eaten by the other family members as keeping it longer would contaminate the food. Infant feeding practices- Breastfeeding was common amongst the mothers. Illness of mother or the child was the only reason stated for not breastfeeding their child. Majority of the mothers stated giving a small quantity of tea, goat’s milk or honey as prelacteals feed. Most of the mothers reported that they initiated breastfeeding 12 -24 hours after the delivery. The reason stated was unavailability of milk and certain rituals to be followed before initiating breastfeeding. Colostrum was discarded by most of the
59
mothers perceiving it as a dirty milk. Most of the women continued breastfeeding upto two years or more.
Water was given to children since birth by generally all the mothers. However, if the child was born in winter season than water was given only on the initiation of summer season irrespective of the age of the child. Most of the mothers agreed that they initiated complementary feeding between 6-8 months with dal water, diluted milk, biscuits soaked in milk, mashed banana etc. However majority of the women agreed that breast milk formed the major food for the children upto 1 year of age and other foods were fed once or twice a day.
FGD 6: AWC 6 (Duration: 40 min, hindi)
Meal Pattern- Mothers preferred to cook a vegetable/dal with chapatti/rice in their meals. All the mothers agreed that they generally cooked twice in a day, once in morning for both breakfast and lunch and once for dinner. Most mothers expressed that tea was the preferred beverage in early morning and evening, usually accompanied with biscuits/rusk/bread. Generally there was no leftover food. If some food was leftover in winters, it was eaten in the next meal but in summers it was usually thrown. Most of the families did not own a refrigerator. Cooked food was not usually thrown. Some mothers said that ‘kabhi kabhi bach jata hain to hum kha lete hain’. Snacking was confined to children who preferred to eat toffees, ice-creams, chowmein, sweets from the local shops.
Frequency of consumption of various food items- The discussion with the mothers regarding frequency of consumption of various food items provided information that most of the families ate rice, chapatti, dal and a seasonal vegetable daily, however consumption of egg/fish/meat and sweets was confined to once or twice in a fortnight. Dilution of milk was common among families. Mustard oil was a preferred medium for cooking. Food supplementation- Mothers expressed their concern over food supplementation available at the AWCs. Most of the mothers were unhappy with the shift from dry supplement to hot cooked meal as they did not like the taste of certain food items distributed at the AWCs and also young children could not carry hot cooked meal “jab meetha dalia or halwa puri aata hain to le jaate hain”. Mothers stated that either they
Description of the Group (8 members)
Name of
participant
Age of the youngest
child (months) Native place
Manjesh 12 Haryana
Lokesh 18 Haryana
Suman 24 Bihar
Kali 8 West Bengal
Bhagwati 36 UP
Reshma 15 UP
Vidya 20 Bihar
Babita 10 West Bengal
61
Annexure XVIII. Comparison of food intake between boys and girls in undernourished and normal group
Table XVIIIa. Mean intake and % adequacy of various food stuffs consumed by 1-3 year old undernourished children (<-2 SD BMI-for-age), compared with recommended dietary guidelines for balanced diet (ICMR, 2011)
Food stuffs RDA (g)
Boys (n=33) Girls (n=30) Total (n=63) t'-value Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Cereals 60 145.97 80.11 243.28 133.51 126.81 74.62 211.34 124.37 136.54 77.44 227.57 129.06 1.056
Pulses 30 19.84 19.49 66.15 64.96 20.22 25.44 67.40 84.80 20.03 22.43 66.76 74.77 0.441
Green leafy vegetables 50 10.16 22.77 20.31 45.54 8.06 22.72 16.13 45.44 9.13 22.59 18.25 45.17 0.921
Roots and Tubers 50 32.66 35.86 65.31 71.72 39.52 56.75 79.03 113.50 36.03 47.05 72.06 94.09 0.637
Other vegetables 50 16.02 27.36 32.03 54.71 16.77 25.48 33.55 50.96 16.39 26.24 32.78 52.48 0.040
Fruits 100 26.02 41.56 26.02 41.56 5.65 15.59 5.65 15.59 15.99 32.96 15.99 32.96 2.685*
Meat/Fish 50 10.94 30.41 21.88 60.82 15.32 46.85 30.65 93.70 13.10 39.11 26.19 78.21 0.359
Milk 500 144.14 121.40 28.83 24.28 134.01 108.77 26.80 21.75 139.15 114.54 27.83 22.91 0.297
Fat 25 10.63 8.87 42.53 35.48 6.85 6.79 27.38 27.15 8.77 8.08 35.07 32.32 1.772
Sugar 15 29.47 20.83 196.46 138.86 34.39 21.62 229.25 144.11 31.89 21.19 212.59 141.29 0.619
*, unpaired t test between % adequacy of food stuffs consumed by boys and girls, where 't'-value significant at p<0.05
62
Table XVIIIb. Mean intake and % adequacy of various food stuffs consumed by 1-3 year old children (above median BMI-for-age), compared with recommended dietary guidelines (ICMR, 1998)
Food stuffs
RDA (g)
Boys (n=30) Girls (n=28) Total (n=58)
t'-value Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Cereals 60 186.60 84.79 311.00 141.31 180.44 86.29 300.74 143.82 182.93 84.98 304.88 141.63 0.7911
Pulses 30 23.75 27.97 79.88 84.05 21.00 19.91 70.01 66.37
22.20 22.03 73.99 73.45 0.6229
Green leafy vegetables 50 15.42 17.90 30.35 35.56 11.35 15.90 22.71 31.81
12.89 16.64 25.79 33.28 0.3999
Roots and Tubers 50 79.58 30.78 139.29 89.91 73.89 60.31 147.78 120.61
72.18 54.23 144.35 108.47 0.7748
Other vegetables 50 30.42 20.17 46.17 41.18 23.85 24.26 47.71 48.52
23.54 22.66 47.09 45.32 0.9017
Fruits 100 23.33 30.77 28.48 39.09 31.76 42.80 31.76 42.80
30.44 41.02 30.44 41.02 0.7696
Meat/Fish 50 14.58 34.47 23.91 63.73 11.76 32.70 23.53 65.41
11.84 32.08 23.68 64.16 0.9826
Milk 500 331.25 141.47 56.34 36.50 264.90 185.11 52.98 37.02
271.68 182.62 54.34 36.52 0.7366
Fat 25 22.17 7.82 71.93 36.91 20.28 8.55 81.11 34.20
19.35 8.82 77.40 35.29 0.3400
Sugar 15 22.08 10.54 170.17 106.62 28.75 17.89 191.67 119.24
27.45 17.07 182.99 113.83 0.4893
*, unpaired t test between % adequacy of food stuffs consumed by boys and girls, where 't'-value significant at p<0.05
63
Table XVIIIc. Mean intake and % adequacy of various food stuffs consumed by 4-6 year old undernourished children (<-2 SD BMI-for-age), compared with recommended dietary guidelines (ICMR,2011)
Food stuffs
RDA (g)
Boys (n=32) Girls (n=15) Total (n=47)
t'-value Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Cereals 120 193.67 79.10 161.39 65.91 197.75 66.17 164.79 55.14 195.03 74.35 162.52 61.96 1.065
Pulses 30 21.83 24.01 72.77 80.03 27.63 27.60 92.08 91.99 23.76 25.12 79.21 83.72 0.358
Green leafy vegetables
50 8.59 28.83 17.19 57.65 6.88 15.48 13.75 30.96 8.02 25.01 16.04 50.01 1.602
Roots and Tubers 100 68.42 56.47 68.42 56.47 60.63 44.34 60.63 44.34 65.82 52.39 65.82 52.39 0.957
Other vegetables 100 49.27 52.55 49.27 52.55 31.25 60.21 31.25 60.21 43.26 55.24 43.26 55.24 0.916
Fruits 100 23.86 31.84 23.86 31.84 25.63 62.82 25.63 62.82 24.45 43.92 24.45 43.92 0.248
Meat/Fish 50 14.06 38.59 28.13 77.19 15.63 43.66 31.25 87.32 14.58 39.89 29.17 79.78 0.205
Milk 500 167.99 172.06 33.60 34.41 110.66 96.68 22.13 19.34 148.88 152.50 29.78 30.50 1.574
Fat 20 17.29 12.51 69.15 50.03 16.00 14.78 64.00 59.10 16.86 13.16 67.43 52.65 0.167
Sugar 25 31.64 18.60 158.20 92.99 33.56 20.87 167.81 104.35 32.28 19.18 161.41 95.92 0.691
*, unpaired t test between % adequacy of food stuffs consumed by boys and girls, where 't'-value significant at p<0.05
64
XVIIId. Mean intake and % adequacy of various food stuffs consumed by 4-6 year old normal children (above median), compared with
recommended dietary guidelines (ICMR, 2011)
Food stuffs
RDA
(g)
Boys (n=29) Girls (n=15) Total (n=44)
t'-value
Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy Mean Intake (g) % adequacy
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Cereals 120 223.04 90.87 185.87 75.72 215.52 67.60 179.60 56.33 219.36 79.55 182.80 66.29 0.859
Pulses 30 25.54 16.76 85.14 55.86 24.05 18.78 80.17 62.61 24.81 17.60 82.71 58.66 0.067
Green leafy
vegetables 50 13.33 19.26 26.67 38.52 12.61 32.85 25.22 65.70 12.98 26.49 25.96 52.98 1.498
Roots and Tubers 100 117.33 71.29 117.33 71.29 104.32 70.46 104.32 70.46 110.96 70.42 110.96 70.42 0.405
Other vegetables 100 83.00 30.93 83.00 30.93 71.35 47.67 71.35 47.67 77.30 40.00 77.30 40.00 0.526
Fruits 100 78.67 64.70 78.67 64.70 64.74 72.25 64.74 72.25 71.85 68.11 71.85 68.11 0.697
Meat/Fish 50 21.88 50.71 43.75 101.42 16.30 43.70 32.61 87.40 19.15 46.98 38.30 93.95 1.258
Milk 500 200.00 185.92 40.00 37.18 216.30 169.83 43.26 33.97 207.98 176.48 41.60 35.30 0.342
Fat 20 21.97 11.43 112.77 71.27 28.19 17.82 87.87 45.71 25.01 15.07 100.05 60.27 1.393
Sugar 25 29.17 16.26 219.15 158.46 43.83 31.69 145.83 81.32 36.34 25.84 181.71 129.18 1.931
*, unpaired t test between % adequacy of food stuffs consumed by boys and girls, where 't'-value significant at p<0.05
65
Annexure XIX. Comparison of nutrient intake between boys and girls in undernourished and normal group
Table XIXa. Mean intakes and percent adequacy of various nutrients in undernourished children (1-3 year) , compared with RDA 2010
Nutrients
RDA
Boys (n=33) Girls (n=30) Total (n=63)
Mean Intake % Adequacy Mean Intake % Adequacy Mean Intake % Adequacy t'-value*
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Protein (g)
16.70 23.82 8.45 142.65 50.58 22.08 11.72 132.19 70.17 22.94 10.20 137.34 61.05 0.291
Fat (g)
27.00 20.50 10.55 75.92 39.06 17.04 9.50 63.12 35.19 18.74 10.10 69.42 37.41 0.519
Fibre (g)
1.93 1.47 2.05 2.21 1.99 1.87
CHO (g)
172.88 64.64 154.58 82.07 163.59 73.99
Energy (Kcal)
1060.00 952.32 345.93 89.84 32.64 839.33 417.04 79.18 39.34 894.93 384.85 84.43 36.31 0.037
Calcium (mg)
600.00 286.53 150.47 47.76 25.08 336.43 299.39 56.07 49.90 311.88 237.50 51.98 39.58 0.004
Iron (mg)
9.00 5.01 2.97 55.66 33.04 4.68 3.87 51.97 43.03 4.84 3.44 53.78 38.18 0.654
Thiamin (mg)
0.50 0.52 0.27 103.65 54.83 0.50 0.40 99.32 80.12 0.51 0.34 101.45 68.33 0.033
Riboflavin (mg)
0.60 0.52 0.23 86.05 38.66 0.50 0.26 82.88 43.96 0.51 0.25 84.44 41.13 0.328
Niacin (mg)
8.00 4.73 2.68 59.11 33.51 4.47 3.82 55.85 47.74 4.60 3.28 57.46 41.06 0.863
Dietary folate (µg)
80.00 28.93 16.39 36.17 20.49 24.78 17.94 30.98 22.42 26.83 17.18 33.53 21.48 0.371
Vitamin C (mg)
40.00 15.52 15.84 38.80 39.61 15.23 16.46 38.06 41.15 15.37 16.03 38.43 40.08 1.214
Vitamin B 12 (µg)
0.20 0.00 0.01 1.07 2.80 0.00 0.01 0.78 2.64 0.00 0.01 0.92 2.70 0.749
Vitamin A (µg) 400.00
224.21 123.07 48.49 27.66 188.20 116.85 43.91 28.45 205.92 120.35 46.16 27.93 1.275
*, unpaired t-test between mean % adequacies of intake of various nutrients by boys and girls, 't'-value significant at p<0.05
66
Table XIXb. Mean intakes and percent adequacy of various nutrients in normal children (1-3 year) , compared with RDA 2010
Nutrients
RDA
Boys (n=30) Girls (n=28) Total (n=58)
t'-value
Mean Intake % Adequacy Mean Intake % Adequacy Mean Intake % Adequacy
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Protein (g)
16.7 30.78 7.36 184.32 44.10 29.61 7.73 177.30 46.28 28.62 8.49 171.40 50.83 0.292
Fat (g)
27.0 27.54 14.67 102.01 54.33 41.97 10.31 155.45 38.20 39.57 13.17 146.56 48.78 0.879
Fibre (g)
3.63 2.47 4.31 3.27 4.15 3.20
CHO (g)
206.65 50.10 202.01 46.02 196.15 49.88
Energy (Kcal)
1060.0 1204.38 280.72 112.68 26.89 1306.84 193.19 123.29 18.23 1257.63 261.98 118.64 24.72 1.432
Calcium (mg)
600.0 450.14 244.94 75.02 40.82 381.90 136.67 63.65 22.78 367.48 143.98 61.25 24.00 1.339
Iron (mg)
9.0 6.40 4.22 71.64 47.57 6.23 4.75 70.80 52.82 8.84 4.75 70.60 52.75 0.063
Thiamin (mg)
0.5 0.87 0.41 172.11 82.74 0.95 0.41 190.63 81.68 0.92 0.42 183.33 83.31 0.076
Riboflavin (mg)
0.6 0.70 0.36 113.81 57.01 0.72 0.24 119.75 39.69 0.70 0.24 116.08 40.82 0.369
Niacin (mg)
8.0 7.56 3.62 93.94 45.82 7.88 4.11 98.44 51.40 7.60 4.09 94.96 51.16 0.263
Dietary folate
(µg)
80.0 38.90 17.84 48.18 22.23 39.26 12.23 49.08 15.29 38.52 12.19 48.15 15.24
0.395
Vitamin C (mg)
40.0 30.67 19.19 76.67 47.97 31.24 21.90 78.10 54.75 30.27 21.70 75.68 54.25 0.280
Vitamin B 12 (µg)
0.2 0.00 0.01 1.74 4.21 0.00 0.00 0.71 2.47 0.00 0.01 0.96 2.77 0.00
Vitamin A (µg) 400.0
208.96 193.27 52.24 48.32 215.80 50.73 53.95 12.68 219.62 67.94 54.90 16.98 0.205
*, unpaired t-test between mean % adequacies of intake of various nutrients by boys and girls, 't'-value significant at p<0.05
67
Table XIXc. Mean intakes and percent adequacy of various nutrients in undernourished children (4-6 year), compared with RDA 2010
Nutrients
RDA
Boys (n=32) Girls (n=15) Total (n=47) t'-value
Mean Intake % Adequacy Mean Intake % Adequacy Mean Intake % Adequacy
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Protein (g) 20.1 31.00 10.03 154.25 49.90 36.78 9.99 182.99 49.68 33.29 10.31 165.63 51.29 1.909
Fat (g) 27.0 30.05 17.57 111.31 65.08 20.70 9.66 76.67 35.79 26.35 15.53 97.59 57.51 1.967
Fibre (g)
3.80 1.88
4.60 3.61
4.12 2.69
CHO (g)
219.44 68.32
226.30 62.19
222.15 65.37
Energy (Kcal) 1350.0 1256.64 361.85 95.10 28.87 1185.70 317.13 87.83 23.49 1228.56 343.15 92.22 26.84 0.644
Calcium (mg) 600.0 358.26 181.38 59.71 30.23 320.55 190.77 53.43 31.79 343.33 184.07 57.22 30.68 0.614
Iron (mg) 13.0 8.63 3.64 69.40 33.32 9.55 5.65 73.45 43.46 8.99 4.51 71.00 37.27 0.759
Thiamin (mg) 0.7 0.88 0.37 130.44 63.73 0.96 0.57 137.36 82.12 0.91 0.46 133.18 70.81 0.856
Riboflavin (mg) 0.8 0.71 0.31 91.97 42.86 0.58 0.24 72.70 30.39 0.66 0.29 84.35 39.23 1.344
Niacin (mg) 11.0 7.81 3.27 73.96 35.53 9.12 5.20 82.95 47.31 8.33 4.14 77.52 40.36 1.212
Dietary folate (µg) 100.0 42.20 24.69 43.15 25.44 34.66 13.36 34.66 13.36 39.21 21.10 39.79 21.72 1.037
Vitamin C (mg) 40.0 26.59 19.83 66.48 49.58 23.83 20.51 59.57 51.27 25.50 19.93 63.75 49.83 0.249
Vitamin B 12 (µg) 0.2 0.00 0.01 1.37 3.59 0.00 0.01 1.81 3.89 0.00 0.01 1.55 3.67 0.092
Vitamin A (µg) 400.0 282.61 212.96 70.65 53.24 120.03 102.05 30.01 25.51 218.26 193.55 54.56 48.39 3.325*
*, unpaired t-test between mean % adequacies of intake of various nutrients by boys and girls, 't'-value significant at p<0.05
68
Table XIXd. Mean intakes and percent adequacy of various nutrients in normal children (4-6 year) , compared with RDA 2010
Nutrients RDA
Boys (n=29) Girls (n=15) Total (n=44)
t'-value
Mean Intake
% Adequacy
Mean Intake
% Adequacy
Mean Intake
% Adequacy
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Protein (g)
20 34.54 13.05 172.70 64.93 32.27 6.26 161.35 31.14 33.04 11.11 164.37 55.28 0.951
Fat (g)
27 37.94 14.05 140.51 52.04 41.04 24.23 151.98 89.75 39.28 18.97 145.50 70.28 0.357
Fibre (g)
3.70 2.45 3.66 1.73 3.68 2.15
CHO (g) 238.11 97.11 217.01 72.81 228.94 87.11
Energy (Kcal)
1350 1426.24 468.87 105.65 34.73 1340.17 479.90 99.27 35.55 1388.82 470.36 102.88 34.84 1.149
Calcium (mg)
600 418.00 104.65 69.67 34.10 382.36 107.10 63.73 17.85 402.86 171.47 67.14 28.58 0.593
Iron (mg) 13 8.68 5.08 66.79 39.07 7.93 3.48 60.96 26.74 8.35 4.43 64.26 34.04 0.968
Thiamin (mg)
0.7 1.05 0.53 150.33 76.27 0.86 0.39 123.46 56.30 0.97 0.48 138.65 68.93 1.965
Riboflavin (mg)
0.8 0.78 0.36 97.50 44.95 0.67 0.18 83.75 22.53 0.72 0.33 89.84 41.06 0.556
Niacin (mg) 11 8.28 5.10 75.31 46.32 7.14 3.39 64.87 30.82 7.79 4.43 70.77 40.25 1.481
Dietary folate
(µg) 100 36.57 14.09 36.57 14.09 31.84 12.69 31.84 12.69 34.03 14.38 34.03 14.38 0.658
Vitamin C (mg)
40 54.89 45.68 137.23 114.20 48.25 36.44 120.63 91.10 51.31 43.31 128.27 108.26 0.768
Vitamin B 12 (µg)
400 357.20 250.42 89.30 62.61 224.41 145.61 56.10 36.40 299.47 219.59 74.87 54.90 1.296
*, unpaired t-test between mean % adequacies of intake of various nutrients by boys and girls, 't'-value significant at p<0.05
60
themselves bring supplement or they send their older children for the same. The food received from the AWC was shared by all the children in the family; leftover was eaten by the other family members. Infant feeding practices- There was consensus among the mothers that children should be breastfed. Colostrum discarding, prelacteal feeding and early introduction of water were usual practices followed by most of the mothers. It was important to note that mothers were aware of the fact that doctors did not let discard colostrum and laid importance on initiation of breastfeeding immediately after delivery “hospital mein to turant hi laga dete hain, kehte hain pehla doodh pilao”.
There was agreement among the group that complementary feeding was initiated at 6-8 months of age and food items preferred were mashed fruits and vegetables, biscuits /rusk dipped in milk, khichdi and dalia. However, frequency of feeding these items were only once or twice a day. Majority of the mothers breastfed their children for more than two years and discontinued only when the child itself stopped demanding.
69
Annexure XX. Mother and Child Protection Card (with WHO 2006 growth charts)
70
