Avraham, Yitzchak, Yaakov. Where was he born? When did he live? What civilizations did he...
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Transcript of Avraham, Yitzchak, Yaakov. Where was he born? When did he live? What civilizations did he...
AVRAHAM AVINU Where was he born? When did he live? What civilizations did he encounter? Details of his life
Ur Kasdim Haran Mitzrayim Sodom
The war between the four kings and the five The destruction of cities of Sodom Malkitzedek
Avimelech Purchase of Ma’aras Hamachpelah from Ephron
UR KASDIM כשדים אור
Map of Middle East
Avraham was born approximately 1813 or 1976 BCE
It is generally assumed to be the city of Ur in southern Mesopotamia since it is near what will be the Babylonian civilization its people are known in Hebrew as כשדים Kashdim
Ur had been one of the largest cities in the world.
It was well developed with several law codes having already been given by strong leaders
UR KASDIM כשדים אור
Ur Ruins Including Reconstructed Ziggurat
Until it was destroyed by the Elamites in about the year 2000 BCE
Somewhere between 24 and 187 years before Avraham was born
It was rebuilt but much smaller than previously
" " א ל א י בראשית נח פרשת ןEFב לוHט JאEת ו HנוJFב אLבJרKם אEת תEFרLח NFקLFח Lי ו
אLבJרKם אPשEOת HתוKF LFל כ שKQרLי JאPת ו HנוJFב בEFן הKרKןלKלEכEת NFים LFשJQד כ Fר מPאו FאNתKFם PFצJאו Lי ו HנוJFב
: FשKOם PFשJOבו Lי ו חKרKן FעLד KFבHאו Lי ו LעLן JFנ כ אLרJצKה Terach took Avram his son and
Lot the son of Haran his grandson and Sari his daughter-in-Law the wife of Avram and the left Ur Kasdim to go to the land of Canaan and the came until Haran and they settled there.
UR KASDIM כשדים אור
Mosque in Turkey Set on the Site of Avraham Avinu’s Birth
In Urfa, Southern Turkey
The Muslims have a tradition that Urfa in southern Turkey is the birth place of Avraham.
They have put a shrine on the site.
Urfa is very close to the agreed upon site of Harran.
Is that proof that Urfa is כשדים ?or not אור
People did write in cuneiform the same language as in southern Mesopotamia
חרן נהריים ארם
City of Harran
with typical beehive homes
The location of חרן is well established in southern Turkey
The larger area in which it is located is
נהריים since it is ארםlocated between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
is the name of a ארםpeople living in this area of Syria at the time.
חרן נהריים ארם
It was an important stop in the caravan routes from Mesopotamia to Anatolia and south to Israel and Egypt
EGYPT AND THE PHARAOHופרעה מצרים
The Gemorah tells us that אברהם was 75 years old when he left חרן
He almost immediately leaves Israel for Egypt
When? 1976BCE +75 =
1901BCE 1813BCE +75 = 1738
BCE
EGYPT AND PHARAOHופרעה מצרים
King Tutankhamen
His Father and Mother were siblings and he
married his half-sister
In Egypt he claims אמנו was his שרה
sister. The Royal family
practiced incest with half sisters.
Commoners did not but they did often refer to their wives as “sister.”
EGYPT AND PHARAOH Egyptian History
Early Dynastic period Dynasties 1-2 3100 BCE – 2880 BCE
Old Kingdom Dynasties 3 – 6 2686 BCE – 2134 BCE
First Intermediate Period Dynasties 7 – 10 2134 BCE- 2030 BCE
Middle Kingdom Dynasties 11- 12 2030 BCE – 1720 BCE
Second Intermediate Period Dynasties 13 – 17 1720 BCE – 1550 BCE
New Kingdom Dynasties 18- 20 1550 BCE – 1096BCE
Third Intermediate Period Dynasties 21 – 25 1096BCE – 664BCE
Who was the Pharaoh when
אבינו was אברהםthere?
What was the political situation in the country?
ACCORDING TO THE HISTORIANS
A Great sphinx thought to have been originally carved for Amenemhat II, now on display in the Louvre, Paris
Avraham was in Egypt 1901 BCE during the Reign of Pharaoh Amenemhat II
According to Wikipedia “Not much is known about his reign. He ruled Egypt for 35 years from 1929 BCE to 1895 BCE”
Or possibly during the reign of his successor Senusret II there is little relevant information about his reign either
ACCORDING TO "ל חז Avraham was in Egypt
in 1738 BCE Which was in the
Second intermediate period
According to Manetho the Hyksos invaded Egypt
The Hyksos invasion shattered the unity of the country
Smaller Egyptian provinces or Nomes fought back
ACCORDING TO "ל חז
A group of Asiatic peoples (perhaps the future Hyksos) depicted entering Egypt
c.1900 BC from the tomb of a 12th dynasty official Khnumhotep under pharaoh Senusret II at Beni Hasan
Avraham was in Egypt in 1738 BCE
Which was in the Second intermediate period
According to modern historians the Hyksos peacefully migrated into Egypt
Lack of central government allowed unchecked immigration that changed the culture of Egypt in places and gave rise to Hyksos states
THE WAR BETWEEN THE FOUR KINGS AND THE FIVE
Salt Dunes Near the Dead Sea
There is no historical evidence for the war
There is also no historical evidence for the destruction of
הככר or Sodom עריand Gomorrah
However, as we have said lack of evidence does not mean that it did not happen.
MALKITZEDEK KING OF SHALEMJERUSALEM
The tiny clay fragment – dating from the 14th century B.C.E. – found by
Hebrew University archaeologists in excavations outside Jerusalem’s Old
City walls contains the oldest written document ever found in
Jerusalem. (Photo: Sasson Tiram)
has been ירושליםcontinually occupied since 3000 BCE
It lies on the road from the Red Sea to the north
It has a permanent water supply
It has a temperate climate and is close to arable land
YITZACH AVINU
המכפלה מערתLeft over from the
Avraham slides
Lived a private The wells
mentioned in the Torah do exist at the center of ancient cities
No other evidence of his life could be expected to remain
YAAKOV AVINU
Mt. Ebal
Lived with לבן in Harran
Was a shepherd for a while
There is no evidence for Shimon and Levi’s attack on Shechem
However, Shechem was destroyed 22 times and rebuilt before 200 CE
CHRONOLOGY OF THE AVOS
Event Date according to
ל" חז
Egyptian History
Date according to historians
Egyptian History
Abraham's birth
1813 BCE
Middle Kingdom
1976 BCE Middle
Avraham going to Eretz Yisroel
1738 BCE
2nd Inter. 1901 BCE Middle
Birth of Yitzack
1713 BCE
Middle 1876 BCE Middle
Birth of Yaakov
1653 BCE
2nd Inter. 1816 BCE Middle
Birth of Yosef 1559 BCE
2nd Inter. 1722 BCE 2nd Inter.
Yosef in Egypt
1529 BCE
2nd Inter. 1692 BCE 2nd Inter.
Death of Yaakov
1512 BCE
New 1675 BCE 2nd Inter.
Death of Yosef
1459 BCE
New 1622 BCE 2nd Inter
Exodus from Egypt
1313 BCE
New Kingdom
1476 BCE New Kingdom