Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1...
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Transcript of Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1...
![Page 1: Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e4f5503460f94b47501/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Avogadro’s lawIdeal gases and molar volume
![Page 2: Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e4f5503460f94b47501/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Elements that exist as gases at 25 °C and 1 atmosphere
![Page 3: Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e4f5503460f94b47501/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers.
• Gases are the most compressible state of matter.
• Gases will mix evenly and completely when confined to the same container.
• Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids.
Physical Characteristics of Gases
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Avogadro’s Law
1 mol H2 at STP = 22.4 L 1 mol O2 at STP = 22.4 L
STP stands for standard temperature & pressure
(0°C and 1 atm)
![Page 5: Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e4f5503460f94b47501/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Avogadro’s Law
equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
Constant temperatureConstant pressure
![Page 6: Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e4f5503460f94b47501/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Molar Volume of GasesThe volume occupied by one mole of a
gas at STP is known as the standard molar volume of a gas. It has been found to be 22.4 L.
1 mol = 22.4 L will be the conversion factor used in Avogadro’s law.
![Page 7: Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e4f5503460f94b47501/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sample Problem 1
A chemical reaction produces 0.0680 mol of oxygen gas. What volume in liters is occupied by this gas sample at STP?
Using our conversion factor of 1 mol = 22.4 L to solve for volume
1 mol
0.0680 mol x 22.4 L = 1.52 L O2
![Page 8: Avogadro’s law Ideal gases and molar volume. Elements that exist as gases at 25 ° C and 1 atmosphere.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e4f5503460f94b47501/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sample Problem 2
A chemical reaction produced 0.098 L of sulfur dioxide gas, SO2, at STP. What was the mass (in grams) of the gas produced?
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Sample Problem 2
First find molar mass of SO2:
1 x S = 32.07 g/mol
2 x O = 16 x 2 = 32 g/mol
64.07 g/mol
1 mol SO222.4 L
0.098 L x 1 mol SO2 x 64.07 g = 0.28 g