AVC Equine Club March 2011 FOALS .
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Transcript of AVC Equine Club March 2011 FOALS .
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AVC Equine Club March 2011FOALS
http://www.merricks.com/gif/WL001307.jpg
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Some basics
Gestation length: ~356 days (320-405 days)
& variable from one gestation to the next Premature: <320 days Dysmature: >320 days but physically
immature Neonatal period: ~ first 2 weeks of life
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Normal foal
Size: 10% of mare’s body weight Sternal <1-2 min BAR <5 min Standing <1 hour Nursing <2 hours Placenta passed <3 hours
http://portraitswithhorses.com/blog/?p=430
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Rules of thumb
“1-2-3” rule Stand by 1 hour Nurse by 2 hours Placenta passed by 3 hours
“2-4-6” rule – call vet if Not standing by 2 hours Not nursed by 4 hours Placenta not passed by 6 hourshttp://seafieldapartments.com
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Normal foal
Heart rate: 60-110 beats per minute Respiratory rate: 20-50 breaths per
minute Temperature: 37.8 – 38.9 Meconium passage ~24h First urination ~8-9h
300mL/h Recumbent ~30% of the time Nurses 5-8x/hour (~80mL/feeding)
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Signs of prematurity
Small Short, silky hair coat Floppy ears Lax tendons Unregulated homeostasis
http://www.aurumperformancehorses.com.au/storyofhewey.html
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What is the most important thing? Colostrum Colostrum Colostrum
~10% of foals’ body weight 20mL/kg in first 6 hours (1L)
Maximum absorptive capacity by 8h Absorption of immunoglobulins decreased >18-
24h
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No colostrum...
= failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT)
Problem? Increased susceptibility to infections Sepsis = most common cause of
morbidity/mortality
http://www.vahorsevet.com
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How to diagnose FPT?
Measure immunoglobulin levels in serum Various different tests At AVC:
Glutaraldehyde coagulation test Enzyme immunoassay (SNAP test)
When to test? 18-24h after birth
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“I saw my foal nurse...”
“... therefore it won’t have FPT...”
True or false?
Other causes of FPT? Mare dripping milk prior to foaling Poor colostrum quality
Specific gravity <1.060
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Treatment of FPT?
Bottle/tube feed colostrum Plasma
:http//www.yallambeestud.comhttp://article.wn.com http://www.grullablue.com/colors/raising_orphan_foal.htm
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What is also important?
Disinfecting the umbilicus 0.5% chlorhexidine solution
Vitamin E / selenium
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The majority of foals...
...do well and do not need assistance
http://forum.beemaster.com/index.php?topic=2175.0%3Ball
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Foals presented to the AVC
Are usually neonates (<2weeks) End up being intensive care cases
FPT → sepsis Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
(‘dummy’ foals) Other
Accompanied by mare of varying temperament May need veterinary attention as well
http://image48.webshots.com
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Good management...
...relies on TEAM work 1-2 people for foal restraint 1-2 people for technical procedures 1-2 people to assist 1-2 people to take care of mare
Ideal for work-up: up to 8 people Ideal for ‘foal watch’: 2 people
http://my.opera.com/Tamil
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What would you be doing?
Restraining Physical exams Running blood work; testing for FPT Administering drugs Running IV-fluids Feeding (bottle, nasogastric tube,
monitoring nursing) Monitoring oxygen Physiotherapy
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What you would not be doing
Taking blood Exception: measuring glucose
Placing catheters Passing nasogastric tubes
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Do you have guidance?
In-house Try to team you up with a 4th year student Floating night technician Possibly dedicated technician
Resident/intern On call Coming in if crisis
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What do we expect?
We know you probably don’t have experience
... but this is a good way to get some...
We expect you To be reliable To be reliable To be reliable
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http://nicuvet.com/nicuvet/Gallery_1/index.htm
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http://nicuvet.com/nicuvet/Gallery_1/index.htm
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http://nicuvet.com/nicuvet/Gallery_1/index.htm
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http://nicuvet.com/nicuvet/Gallery_1/index.htm
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http://nicuvet.com/nicuvet/Gallery_1/index.htm
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How is it organized?
Depends on the number of interested people
Lots of people Make teams (team leader; # of people per
team?) Assign specific dates (Day? Week?) to a
team If team signed up, responsible for
coverage! Only a handful of people
Depends on willingness to commit Sign up for specific dates – responsible for
coverage! Get called randomly and we take a chance...
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So what happens if a foal comes in?
Most help needed between 11pm - 7am and Saturdays/Sundays
Usually ‘heads-up’ 4th year students on rotation involved Work-up
Usually hectic Once stabilized
Make plan
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What’s in it for you?
Money? No. Sleepless nights? Likely. A good time? Hopefully. Experience? Yes. Coffee in the morning? Could be
arranged...
http://www.realtiredpeople.com
http://wabby1.blogspot.com/
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Not just interested in foals...?
We’re often looking for help with other cases Colic cases Other newborns (crias) ‘Downer’ animals ...
http://www.sparksportconditioning.com/crossfit-motivated-people-only
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Thank
you