Avant-Garde ~ Surrealism~ Dadaism

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Avant-Garde ~ Surrealism~ Dadaism By: Tabetha Vegas Vargas ENGG 630: Contemporary Literature Prof. Lugo

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Avant-Garde ~ Surrealism~ Dadaism. By: Tabetha Vegas Vargas ENGG 630: Contemporary Literature Prof. Lugo. Objectives:. To define and develop the following concepts: Dadaism Surrealism Avant-garde. Dada. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Avant-Garde ~ Surrealism~ Dadaism

Page 1: Avant-Garde ~ Surrealism~ Dadaism

Avant-Garde ~ Surrealism~ Dadaism

By: Tabetha Vegas Vargas

ENGG 630: Contemporary Literature

Prof. Lugo

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Objectives: To define and develop the following

concepts: Dadaism Surrealism Avant-garde

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Dada In the early part of the twentieth century, literary and

artistic reviews were the primary means by which the

creative community exchanged ideas and remained in

communication.

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Journal

The journal was a vehicle for promoting emerging

styles, establishing new theories, and creating a

context for understanding new visual forms. These

reviews played a pivotal role in forming the spirit and

identity of movements such as Dada and Surrealism

and served to spread their messages throughout

Europe and the United States.

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Zurich: The Birth of Dada

In February 1916, as World War I raged on, Dada

came into being in Zurich in a small tavern on

Spieglestrasse that became known as the Cabaret

Voltaire. Founded by the German poet Hugo Ball and

his companion, singer Emmy Hennings, Cabaret

Voltaire soon attracted artists and writers from across

Europe who fled their countries and went to neutral

Zurich to escape the war.

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Purpose Its aim is to remind the world that there are people of

independent minds—beyond war and nationalism—

who live for different ideals.

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Issue 4–5 of Dada was the final one Tzara published in Zurich.

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Avant-Garde The work of questioning thought.

This term, taken from French military usage

designating the select corps which went out in

advance of the main body of troops, is applied to

the political and the cultural spheres (particularly

the visual arts) to describe those individuals or

groups whose ideas and work seem ahead of the

times.

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Avant-Garde The Literature comes to define itself as writing that is

more advanced that the general sensibility and

linguistic practice of the age. The writer is cast in the

role of explorer and path breaker, leading the way for

others to follow. This being the product of a literary

evolution.

Mainly introduced into poetry.

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As both a major poet and principal publicist of

modernism, Pound so successfully dominated the

movement that his version of it was reproduced by

academic critics as an official literary history of the

period beginning in 1910 with the publication of

Pound's The Spirit of Romance.

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Surrealism A term borrowed from Apollinaire, in André Breton's

manifesto of 1924, the roots of the Surrealist

movement are to be found rather earlier with the

establishment in 1919.

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Surrealism It included the following declaration: ‘Surrealism rests

in the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of

association neglected heretofore; in the omnipotence

of the dream and in the disinterested play of thought.’

It arose out of DADA, but was more ambitious and

internationally influential.

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Like Dada, it declared the importance of the absurd,

the irrational and involvement in political anarchy as a

means of effecting social change. A literary as well as

artistic movement, by the end of World War II it had

largely disbanded as a coherent movement. A Breton, Manifestoes of Surrealism (Michigan, 1969)

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Criticism of Surrealism Feminists: Have in the past critiqued the Surrealist movement,

claiming that it is fundamentally a male movement and a male

fellowship. Women are often made to represent higher values and

transformed into objects of desire and of mystery.

Freudian: Surrealist poems and other art works as direct

manifestations of the unconscious, when they were indeed highly

shaped and processed by the ego. In this view, the Surrealists may

have been producing great works, but they were products of the

conscious, not the unconscious mind, and they deceived themselves

with regard to what they were doing with the unconscious.

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Two Distinct Groups Emerge The Automatists:

These artists interpreted it as referring to a suppression

of consciousness in favor of the subconscious.

This group, being more focused on feeling and less

analytical, understood Automatism to be the automatic

way in which the images of the subconscious reach the

conscience. They believed these images should not be

burdened with "meaning."

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Faithful to this interpretation, the Automatists saw the

academic discipline of art as intolerant of the free

expression of feeling, and felt form, which had dominated

the history of art, was a culprit in that intolerance.

They believed abstractionism was the only way to bring to

life the images of the subconscious. Coming from the Dada

tradition, these artists also linked scandal, insult and

irreverence toward the elite's with freedom. They

continued to believe that lack of form was a way to rebel

against them.

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The Veristic Surrealists Veristic Surrealists, saw academic discipline and form

as the means to represent the images of the

subconscious with veracity; as a way to freeze images

that, if unrecorded, would easily dissolve once again

into the unknown.

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They hoped to find a way to follow the images of the

subconscious until the conscience could understand

their meaning. The language of the subconscious is

the image, and the consciousness had to learn to

decode that language so it could translate it into its

own language of words.

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Food for Thought It would take fifty years for artists born after the Second

World War to discover how right this method is for helping

us all understand the architecture of the psyche.

Those who have understood the method, who have

faithfully followed the images of the subconscious and,

with patience, painted and analyzed them, have a lot to

teach us about the make up and interaction of the three

planes of the Spiritual, the psychological, and the physical.

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Michel Leiris (1901-1990)

He wrote one of the first surreal novels, Aurora (1927-8).

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References: http://www.fluther.com/disc/33414/what-is-dadaism/ http://www.kristisiegel.com/theory.htm http://www.faqs.org/theories/St-Sy/Surrealism.html http://www.articlearchives.com/humanities-social-science/

ethnic-cultural-studies/719277-1.html http://books.google.com.pr/books?id=pwnu_W8-

yuoC&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=what+is+surrealism+literary+theory%3F&source=bl&ots=PrOR1EBtlS&sig=rEdzQ0Xhszx9nuJbbTeCCXsGrQU&hl=es&ei=t2KsSeKSKZO5twfjh4GDBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#PPP1,M1