I T W A S B O R N I N T H E E A R L Y N I N E T E E N T H C E N T U R Y A S A S E N S E O F B E L O N G I N G T O T H E S A M E C O M M U N I T Y O R N A T I O N W H O S E M E M B E R S S H A R E A P A S T , A L A N G U A G E A N D A C O M M O N C U L T U R E .

  N A T I O N A L I S T M O V E M E N T S T O O K T W O F O R M S . A T H E O R Y W A N T E D L I B E R A T I O N O F T H E N A T I O N S S U B J E C T T O O T H E R . A N O T H E R T H E O R Y S T A T E D T H A T T E R R I T O R I E S W I T H C O M M O N E L E M E N T S S H O U L D A S P I R E T O B E A N A T I O N .

  T H A N K S T O T H E S E I D E A S W E R E I N M A N Y R E V O L U T I O N S 1 8 4 8 .

  A R E S U L T O F T H I S T H E R E W E R E T W O U N I F I C A T I O N S : T H E U N I F I C A T I O N O F G E R M A N Y A N D T H E U N I F I C A T I O N O F I T A L Y

1. Nationalism

The unification of Germany and the unification of Italy

  G E R M A N Y A C Q U I R E D A L E A D I N G R O L E , T H A N K S T O T H E C O M P L I C A T E D N E T W O R K O F A L L I A N C E S T H A T C R E A T E D H I S C H A N C E L L O R B I S M A R K .

  T H E R E W E R E W A R S , B U T M A N Y T E N S I O N S K N O W N A S P E A C E .

  T H E C O L O N I A L I M P E R I A L I S M A S U M E D C O N Q U E S T B Y T H E G R E A T P O W E R S O F L A R G E A R E A S , T H E Y T R I G G E R E D T H E F I R S T W O R L D W A R .

  I N 1 9 1 7 T H E R U S S I A N R E V O L U T I O N E R U P T E D .

2. World War I

Map of Europe in the early twentieth century

Reasons for the outbreak :

  Territorial claims in different countries (Balkan Crisis).

  Economic rivalry especially between Germany and the UK.

  Colonial interests.   The formation of two blocks, the

triple alliance and the triple entente.

  This situation favored the arms race.

The belligerent countries:

  A joined the Triple Alliance and Bulgaria joined ottoman.

  The Triple Entente joined Serbian, Belgium, Romania, Italy, Greece, Portugal and Japan. This group of countries was called not block Entente allies.

 RUSIA: → DETERMINED BY THEIR STATUS AS ISOLATED AND BACKWARD EMPIRE → NATIONAL CRISIS FOR THE DEFEAT AGAINST

JAPAN (1905): PROTESTS BY THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSECUENCES (REVOLUTION OF 1905)

 AUTOCRATIC GOVERNMENT OF THE TSARS: → LIBERATION OF THE SERFS (1861)

• LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH: INDUSTRIALIZATION WITH FOREIGN CAPITAL AND TECHNOLOGY → URBAN PROLETARIAT

• MILITARY DISASTERS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE SUFFERING OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE IN THE RACE → END OF THE TSARIST REGIME.

• IN FEBRUARY 1917 → REVOLUTION : --DETHRONED TO NICOLÁS II --RESTORED THE DUMA --ESTABLISHED A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT (SOCIALIST AND LIBERALS)

• BOLSHEVIKS: --SEIZED POWER DURING THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION --STORMED THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT --ESTABLISHED A NEW GOVERNMENT (COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS) --ADOPTED THE NAME COMMUNIST PARTY AND FOUNDED THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL

3. Russian Revolution

CIVIL WAR AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE USSR

  1918-1920 - Civil war between whites and the revolutionary Red Army.

  In 1922 a new political organization - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which adopted a constitution in 1924 based on the following principles are built:

A federal state, formed by various republics, with Russia as the dominant republic.

The concentration of all power in the hands of the Communist Party.

A Central Committee as a representative body of popular sovereignty.

A Congress of Soviets, representative of the different territories of the USSR organ, the Government chose.

Made by:

 LUCÍA RODRÍGUEZ PÉREZ  MARIBEL ORTIZ HOYO  LAURA ROSAS LÓPEZ  PATRICIA ROMERO RUIZ