Available Alpine Resources for the Insectivorous Golden-crowned Kinglet
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Available Alpine Resources for the Insectivorous Golden-
crowned Kinglet
Shelley Nagata- Winter Ecology, 2010 –
Mountain Research Station,University of Colorado, Boulder
EBIO 4100, Sec 570
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Overview
Research & background topics about the Golden-crowned Kinglet
Investigate how Kinglet is able to survive through the cold weather
Procedure and Methods that were executed in order to answer this question
ResultsDrawing conclusions
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Research
Kinglets summer dietLittle information on winter dietDifficulties faced among winter
Bernd Heinrich and Ross Bell
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Key Features of the Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)
Identification TipsImportant behavioral
aspects
http://www.usgs.gov
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What are the Kinglets eating??
Discover the possible resources available in alpine ecosystems.
Determine how well the resources are represented in the sampled area
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Methods Field Tools
- Beat sheet - Sledge hammer -Aspirator
Communities 1 & 2-10,100 ft-9,600 ft
Community constants -20 Trees at each site -Spruce Forests
Collect count data
Bernd Heinrich and Ross Bell
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Classifying-body shape-wings- legs
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Segmented appendages
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Results continued…Species Order 1(Coleoptera)
Species Order 2(Diptera)
SpeciesOrder 3(Hymenoptera)
Species Order 4(Psocoptera)
Species Order 5(Lepidoptera)
Community 110,100
0 1 2 2 1
Community 29,600
2 0 2 3 0
Diversity Index
sShannon-Wiener Index (H’) = -Σ (pi)(lnpi)
i=1
pi proportion of individuals of species (i) in community
Chi-squared test
X2 = Σ (Observed-Expected)2/ Expected
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Community Diversities
Community 1: 10,100 ft H’= 0.21
More distributed environment
Less StableCommunity 2: 9,600 ft
H’ = 0.24Greater abundance
compare the multiple dependent variables collected under different environments
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Chi-squared Interpretation
Level 0.01 indicated a significant difference between the proportions of insects found in community 1 and community 2.
Distribution of observations differs among the two communities
Communities structured differently in regards to the different orders found in the communities
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Drawing Conclusions
Freeze Avoidance- Cannot tolerate formation of ice in
body tissuesFree Tolerance
- Tolerate formation of ice within tissues
- Evolving Orders
Winter foraging results in abundance
Evolving affects on foraging specialization
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ReferencesBell, R. & Heinrich, B. 2010. Winter Food of Small
Insectivorous Bird, the Golden-Crowned Kinglet. Wilson Ornithological Society. The Wilson Bulletin 107(3): 558-561.
http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/i7480id.html