Availability of three-dimensionally contiguous volume- scan data measured by phased array weather...
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Availability of three-dimensionally contiguous volume- scan data measured by phased array weather radar Shinsuke Satoh 1 , Tomoo Ushio 2 , Eiichi Yoshikawa 2 , Zen Kawasaki 2 , Fumihiko Mizutani 3 , Masakazu Wada 3 , and Toshio Iguchi 1 1 NICT, Japan ([email protected]) 2 Osaka University, Japan 3 Toshiba Corporation, Japan 1-1. Social Background in Japan ・ In Japan, severe weather disasters caused by localized heavy rainfalls or tornadoes have occurred frequently in the last several years. ・ The River Bureau of MLIT has installed multiple X-band MP-radar within the area of C-band radar observation network. Flash flood in the Toga river, Kobe （ 28 July 2008 ） Fatal accident in the sewerage at Zoshigaya, Tokyo （ 5 Aug 2008 ） F3 tornado in Saroma, Hokkaido （ 7 Nov 2006 ） Railcars overturned by tornado in Nobeoka, Miyazaki (17 Sept 2006) The observation area of MLIT C-band radar and X-band MP radar (small blue circles). 2008 1998 1988 1978 Num of occurrences of heavy rainfalls (> 50 mm/h) 1-2. Problems of Commonly Used Weather Radar - Observation gap by the earth curvature - Radar beam spread are appeared at a long range Beam width Observation Gap A 3-dim volume scan by a parabolic antenna requires time of 5 – 10 min Short-range radar network ( high spatial resolution ) Electrical scan radar ( high temporal resolution ) A low-cost phased array radar The solution is … 1-3. Possible Widespread Utilization １５：００ 上上上上 上上上上上上上上上 上上上上上 １５：１０ 上上上上 上上上上上上上上上、 上上上上上上。 １５：２０ 上上上上 上 上 上上上上上上、 上上上上上。 上上上上上上上 15 上 20 上上、 A 上上上上上上 上上上上上上上上上上 上上、 A 上上上上上上上上上上 上上上上上上上上上、 15 上 40 上 上上 B 上上上上上上上 15 ～ 16 上上上上、 A 上上上上 上上上上上上上上上上上 上上 3000m 上上上上上 上上上 、 上上上上上上上 上上上 10 上上上 上上上上上 上上上上上 上上上上上上 上上上上上 Short-time forecast of rainfalls Short-time forecast of tornadoes 72 km/h １３：５１：３５ 上上上上上上上上上 上上上上上 、 上上上上上上上上 上上上上上上 。 上上 上上上上上上 上上上上上 （） 上上上。 １３：５１：２ ５ 上上上上上上上上上上上上上 上 上上上上上上上 。１０ 上上上上上上上上上。 上上上上上 上上上上上上上 １３：５１：１０、 35.6789N, 140.1234E 上上上上上上上 上上上上上上 上上 （） 上上上 上上上 上上上 （） １３：５１：２０、 35.6801N, 140.1251E 上上上上上上上上上 上上１ km 上上上上上上 上上上上上上 上上上上上上上 10km 上上 上上上上上上上上上上 To measure and predict sudden and localized meteorological disasters, we should research and develop a next-generation Doppler radar which measures 3-dimentional structure of heavy rainfalls, tornadoes at a resolution of 100 m within 10 sec. 2-1. Research and Development of a Phased-array Radar System Subject A: Dev. of phased array radar system ・ measure 30 x 30 x 14 km in less than 10 sec ・ grid size less than 100 m (after coordinate conversion) ・ reduction of interference tech for the network obs. ・ remote operation, real-time data proc. & delivery ・ low-cost system, reduction of maintenance cost. Subject B: Performance assessment & field experiment ・ Dev. of ground clutter reduction technique ・ Simulation for over-sampling, beam sharpening, etc. ・ Radar operation technique to satisfy the user needs Validation in field experiments for practical use 2008 (H20) 2009 (H21) 2010 (H22) 2011 (H23) 2012 (H24) ・ Conceptual design ・ Tx/Rx module, antenna (test production) ・ Preliminary design ・ Simulation ・ Dev. of phased array elements ・ Critical design ・ Ground clutter elimination tech. ・ Dev. of the radar system ・ Detailed design ・ Dev. of operation technique ・ Dev. of the radar system ・ Field experiment ・ Dev. data proc. & ana. system ・ Sustaining design R&D Schedule industry- academia- government project NICT- commission ed research project Toshiba & Osaka Univ. ～ 2m ～ ～ 2 2 m m ＜ Antenna scan ＞ 3- dim volume scan in a rotation • Horizontal beam ( ～ 1°) made by a slot-array antenna • 1-dim active phased array in vertical direction - Fan beam ( >3°) Tx in vertical - Simultaneous pencil beams Rx ( ～ 1°) made by DBF (to increase the num of samples) ＜ Basic concept ＞ High cost performance ・ General (2-dim) phased array radar is high-priced. ・ Combination of 1-dim array and DBF(Digital Beam Forming) to realize 3-dim obs. in 10 sec. ・ Target price is in the same range of the parabolic antenna radar system. • As a low-cost rapid-scan radar system, we have adopted a one-dimensional active phased-array in the elevation direction and a mechanical rotation in the azimuth direction. •To increase the number of samples in a limited time, we use a combination of fan-beam transmitting and DBF (Digital Beam Forming) receiving. 2-2. Conceptual Design ○○ 県△△県県県県県県県 県県 ×× 県 4 県 20 県 10 県 29 県 △△ 県県県県県県県 ○○県△△県県県県県県県県県県県県県県県 県 県県 。 県県県県県県県県県県県 県県県県県県県県。 県県県県県県県県県県県県県 県県県県県県県 、 県県県県県。 10min 20min 30min 80% 50% 50% 80% 10% 10% Data assimilation, Tornado warnings [JMA] Flood forecast, Landslide prediction Water discharged by dams Air traffic control Evacuation call [municipality] Sewerage pump [municipality] Analysis of the mechanism research, [Institute, University] Information service [Weather company] Train operating Next-generation Doppler radar • We are developing an X-band one-dimensional phased- array radar with a combination of fan-beam Tx and DBF Rx. •The radar system will be manufactured in 2011, and will be validated in field experiments in 2012 in Osaka, Japan. •We are promoting this project for not only research use but also practical use at the earliest possible time. For the practical users, we should consider the effective utilization method and the useful products of the three-dimensional high-resolution data. 3-2. Application Field 4. Summary 3-1. 3D Contiguous Volume Data CAPPIs RHI Vertical slice with 3D surface 3D display: Fujiyoshi, et al. 1991, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 869-872. CAPPI & RHI: Yoshikawa, et al. 2010, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 3225-3235. Phased-array radar will provides 3- dim. filled data every 10 seconds. We should consider useful display method for practical users. One of ideas is time-series of vertical slices instead of commonly used CAAPIs.
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Transcript of Availability of three-dimensionally contiguous volume- scan data measured by phased array weather...
Availability of three-dimensionally contiguous volume-scan data measured by phased array weather radar
Shinsuke Satoh 1 , Tomoo Ushio 2, Eiichi Yoshikawa 2, Zen Kawasaki 2, Fumihiko Mizutani 3, Masakazu Wada 3, and Toshio Iguchi 1
1 NICT, Japan ([email protected])2 Osaka University, Japan3 Toshiba Corporation, Japan
1-1. Social Background in Japan・ In Japan, severe weather disasters caused by localized heavy rainfalls or tornadoes have occurred frequently in the last several years.
・ The River Bureau of MLIT has installed multiple X-band MP-radar within the area of C-band radar observation network.
Flash flood in the Toga river, Kobe （ 28 July 2008 ）
Fatal accident in the sewerage at Zoshigaya, Tokyo （ 5 Aug 2008 ）
F3 tornado in Saroma, Hokkaido （ 7 Nov 2006 ）
Railcars overturned by tornado in Nobeoka, Miyazaki (17 Sept 2006)
The observation area of MLIT C-band radar and X-band MP radar (small blue circles).
2008199819881978
Num of occurrences of heavy rainfalls (> 50 mm/h)
1-2. Problems of Commonly Used Weather Radar
- Observation gap by the earth curvature- Radar beam spread are appeared at a long range
Beam width
Observation Gap
A 3-dim volume scan by a parabolic antenna requires time of 5 –10 min
Short-range radar network( high spatial resolution )
Electrical scan radar( high temporal resolution )
A low-cost phased array radar
The solution is …
1-3. Possible Widespread Utilization
１５：００
上昇気流
上空で雨粒が急速に成長を開始上空で雨粒が急速に成長を開始
１５：１０
上昇気流
雨粒が大きく成長し、降下を始める。雨粒が大きく成長し、降下を始める。
１５：２０
上昇気流
降 雨
大きな雨粒が、地上に到達。大きな雨粒が、地上に到達。
データセンターデータセンター
15 時 20 分頃、 A 地区で非常に 強い雨が突然降り出す 15 時 20 分頃、 A 地区で非常に 強い雨が突然降り出す
現在、 A 地区で非常に強い雨を 降らせている雨雲は、 15 時 40 分 頃に B 地区に移動する
現在、 A 地区で非常に強い雨を 降らせている雨雲は、 15 時 40 分 頃に B 地区に移動する
15 ～ 16 時頃まで、 A 地区では 夕立が発生しやすい状態 15 ～ 16 時頃まで、 A 地区では 夕立が発生しやすい状態
上空 3000m の雨雲から、地上に雨粒が到達する時間は 10 分程度
上空 3000m の雨雲から、地上に雨粒が到達する時間は 10 分程度
通信事業者通信事業者
観測データ観測データ
積乱雲が発生積乱雲が発生
雨雲の移動
Short-time forecast of rainfalls Short-time forecast of tornadoes
72 km/h
１３：５１：３５あなたのいる場所は、数分以内に竜巻が接近します。直ちに安全な建物（トイレなど）に避難して下さい。
１３：５１：２５あなたの直ぐ近くで竜巻が発生。１０秒以内に身近なものに隠れて下さい。
フェーズドアレイレーダー
１３：５１：１０、 35.6789N, 140.1234Eメソサイクロン（竜巻の親雲）から漏斗雲（竜巻）が発生
１３：５１：２０、 35.6801N, 140.1251E竜巻がタッチダウン
周囲１ km 以内の人の携帯に緊急連絡
竜巻の進行方向 10km 以内の人の携帯に緊急連絡
To measure and predict sudden and localized meteorological disasters, we should research and develop a next-generation Doppler radar which measures 3-dimentional structure of heavy rainfalls, tornadoes at a resolution of 100 m within 10 sec.
2-1. Research and Development of a Phased-array Radar System
Subject A: Dev. of phased array radar system ・ measure 30 x 30 x 14 km in less than 10 sec ・ grid size less than 100 m (after coordinate
conversion) ・ reduction of interference tech for the network obs. ・ remote operation, real-time data proc. & delivery ・ low-cost system, reduction of maintenance cost.
Subject B: Performance assessment & field experiment
・ Dev. of ground clutter reduction technique ・ Simulation for over-sampling, beam sharpening,
etc. ・ Radar operation technique to satisfy the user needs ・ Validation in field experiments for practical use
2008 (H20) 2009 (H21) 2010 (H22) 2011 (H23) 2012 (H24)・ Conceptual design・ Tx/Rx module, antenna (test production)
・ Preliminary design
・ Simulation ・ Dev. of phased
array elements
・ Critical design ・ Ground clutter
elimination tech. ・ Dev. of the radar
system
・ Detailed design ・ Dev. of operation
technique ・ Dev. of the radar
system
・ Field experiment ・ Dev. data proc.
& ana. system ・ Sustaining
design
R&D Schedule
industry-academia-government project
NICT-commissioned
research project
Toshiba & Osaka Univ.
～～ 22mm
～～22 mm＜ Antenna scan ＞3-dim volume scan in a rotation• Horizontal beam ( ～ 1°) made by a slot-array antenna• 1-dim active phased array in vertical direction- Fan beam ( >3°) Tx in vertical- Simultaneous pencil beams Rx ( ～ 1°) made by DBF(to increase the num of samples)
＜ Basic concept ＞
High cost performance・ General (2-dim) phased array radar is high-priced.
・ Combination of 1-dim array and DBF(Digital Beam Forming) to realize 3-dim obs. in 10 sec.
・ Target price is in the same range of the parabolic antenna radar system.
• As a low-cost rapid-scan radar system, we have adopted a one-dimensional active phased-array in the elevation direction and a mechanical rotation in the azimuth direction.
•To increase the number of samples in a limited time, we use a combination of fan-beam transmitting and DBF (Digital Beam Forming) receiving.
2-2. Conceptual Design
○○ 県△△市竜巻注意情報 平成 ×× 年 4 月 20 日 10 時 29 分△△ 地方気象台発表 ○○県△△市では竜巻発生のおそれがあります。 発生予測時刻と場所は以下の地図のとおりです。頑丈な建物内に移動するなど、安全確保に努めてください。
10min
20min
30min
80%
50%
50%80%10%
10%
10min
20min
30min
80%
50%
50%80%10%
10%
Data assimilation, Tornado warnings [JMA]
Flood forecast, Landslide prediction
Water discharged by dams
Air traffic control
Evacuation call [municipality]
Sewerage pump [municipality]
Analysis of the mechanism research, [Institute, University]
Information service[Weather company]
Train operating
Next-generation Doppler radar
• We are developing an X-band one-dimensional phased-array radar with a combination of fan-beam Tx and DBF Rx.
•The radar system will be manufactured in 2011, and will be validated in field experiments in 2012 in Osaka, Japan.
•We are promoting this project for not only research use but also practical use at the earliest possible time. For the practical users, we should consider the effective utilization method and the useful products of the three-dimensional high-resolution data.
3-2. Application Field
4. Summary
3-1. 3D Contiguous Volume Data
CAPPIs
RHI
Vertical slice with 3D surface
3D display: Fujiyoshi, et al. 1991, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 869-872.CAPPI & RHI: Yoshikawa, et al. 2010, IEEE Trans. Geo. Rem. Sens., 3225-3235.
Phased-array radar will provides 3-dim. filled data every 10 seconds. We should consider useful display method for practical users. One of ideas is time-series of vertical slices instead of commonly used CAAPIs.
