AUXILIARY VERBS&

MODALS

Main uses

In short answers:Do you believe in psychics? ◦Yes, I do

Are you a self-confident person?◦Yes I am

To avoid repeating the main verb:

I hate this kind of exams and so does my friend Ann.

With “so” and “neither”With a verb in positive :◦So+ aux+ subj

Peter loves this novel and so do I

With a verb in negative :◦Neither + aux+ subj

You didn’t know Alex was coming today and neither did I.

With “echo questions”They are used to show interest:◦Aux ( = as in main sentence)+ subj?

This is a really interesting guy. Is he?

I really want to go on a date with him… Do you?

To add emphasis:DO/DID + main verb

I know you deny it,

but I know you DID cheat in the exam.

To make question tags:Positive

statement , neg aux + subj?

◦ He’s from Ireland, isn’t he?

Negative statement, positive aux + subj?

◦ You haven’t been to China before, have you?

AND NOW, IT’S TIME TO GET SOME PRACTICE!!!!

So/Neither I’m going to London next weekend and …

(John too)◦So is John

I’ve just passed my driving test and … (Ann too)◦So has Ann

I haven’t seen Peter for ages and ( Lui neither)◦Neither has Lui

I didn’t do my homework for Monica and … (the rest of the class neither)◦Neither did the rest of the class

Echo questions I ‘m looking forward to being sent abroad by

my company.◦Are you?!

I know I left the keys on the table, but I can’t find them now!◦Can’t you?!

He speaks very good German…◦Does he?!

He broke out of prison yesterday…◦Did he?!

If I won 1.000.000 €, I wouldn’t change my life a bit.◦Wouldn’t you?!

Emphasis She forgave her sister for deceiving her.◦ She did forgive her sister for deceiving

her.

I wrote the poem myself.◦ I did write the poem myself.

I love parties.◦ I do love parties

Books cost a lot◦ Books do cost a lot

This bus goes to the station non-stop.◦ This bus does go to the station non-stop

Question tags It’s a lovely day, ________ ?◦ Isn’t it?

You couldn’t lend me 5$, ________ ?◦Could you?

Tom drives very fast, ________ ?◦Doesn’t he?

I don’t think he’s ever been there, ________ ◦Hasn’t he?

You don’t like him, ________?◦Do you?