Autosomal DNA Testing · FTDNA Family Finder Family Finder uses autosomal DNA (inherited from both...
Transcript of Autosomal DNA Testing · FTDNA Family Finder Family Finder uses autosomal DNA (inherited from both...
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Autosomal DNA Testing
For Genetic Genealogy
Information From My
FTDNA Family Finder Kits
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FTDNA Family Finder
Family Finder uses autosomal DNA (inherited from both the mother and father, four
grandparents, eight great-grandparents, etc.)to provide you a breakdown of your ethnic percentages and connect you with relatives descended from any of your ancestral lines within approximately the last 5 generations.
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FTDNA Family Finder
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Matches
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Chromosome Map
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Known Relations
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My Family Finder Tests
Me Wife
Son2 Son 3 Dau 1 Dau 2Son1
FIL MILMom
gdau1
gson1
gson2
gson3
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Paper Trail
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YDNA
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MTDNA
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All Lines
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Two Sides
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46 chromosomes
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2 Of You
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2 Lines
PATERNAL MATERNAL
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Paired DNA
Haploid Haploid
Diploid
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22 Pairs of Autosomes2 Sex Chromosomes
46 TOTAL
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A Pair of Autosomes (1-22)You
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A Pair of Autosomes (1-22)You
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One Person – Two Sides
Paternal Maternal
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Two Sides
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Two Sides – Every Person
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Two Sides
PaternalChromosomes 1-22
MaternalChromosomes 1-22
GF GFGM GM
MOTHERFATHER
CHILD
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Are They Related If Segments Overlap on The Same Map?
Answer - Depends Upon Lineages
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Two Lineages- One Map
Paternal Grandmother&
Maternal Grandmother
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Two Lines - One MapThese Overlaps Are From
DIFFERENT Sides
CHILD
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One Lineage– One Map
Maternal Grandmotherand
Maternal Great Grandmother
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One Line (Twice) - One MapThese Overlaps Are From
SAME Sides
CHILD
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Daughter’s Share with Distant Cousin
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Daughter’s Share with Distant Cousin = 1 Paternal Segment and 1 maternal Segment
Paternal
Maternal
WR-kit
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Which Line is this Match?
Answer = Either Line
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Inheritance
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1 Full Glass = 50% of 2 Full Glasses
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1 Full Glass = 50% of 2 Full Glasses
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1 Full Glass = 50% of 2 Full Glasses
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50% 50%
Inheritance
2
1
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50% Inheritance
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Where’s the 50% On The Map?
Answer – It is the Map
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CHILD
50% Inheritance – 1:2
2 Lines
1 Line
MOTHER
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Parent/Child Map
Line 1 Line 2
Actual:Composite Of Parent’s Lines
Parent – Paternal and Maternal
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Mother-Child Phased MAPChild’s Maternal to Mother’s Lines
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Mother-Child Composite MAPChild’s Maternal to Mother’s Lines
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YOU
50%50%
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To Both Parents
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Child – Mother Mapping
Mother’s Paternal
Mother’s Maternal
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Jump a Generation to Filter
Mother’s Paternal
Mother’s Maternal
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To Both Grandparents
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50% MeansEach Generation Reduces Share
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Mother to Child
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Grandmother to Child
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Great-Grandmother to Child
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Each Generation Has Less Chancesof Matching
Relation Likelihood of a Match %DNA Shared
1st Cousin 100% 7% - 13%
2nd Cousin >99% 3% - 5%
3rd Cousin >90% .3% - 2%
4th Cousin 50% <1%
5th Cousin 10% sometimes none detectable
6th Cousin <2% often none detectable
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What If?50% Less Each Generation
Numbers Do Not Account for Variations
Generations centiMorgans
0 7,768.0
1 3,884.0
2 1,942.0
3 971.0
4 485.5
5 242.8
6 121.4
7 60.7
8 30.3
9 15.2
10 7.6
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More Relatives On Some BranchesAlso Affect Distant Matches
Cheaper by the Dozen 2
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Variation
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1 Full Glass = 50% 2 Full Glasses
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1 Full Glass = 50% of 2 Full Glasses
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1 Full Glass = 50% of 2 Full Glasses
Variation
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1 Full Glass = 50% of 2 Full Glasses
Variation
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2/3 and 1/3 Variation
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Meiosis – Combining 2 Lines to 1
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Meiosis – Combining 2 Lines to 1CROSS-OVER
RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIATION
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Cross-Over
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Cross-Over Locations
Grandson to Paternal Grandparents
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2 Became 1 – Next Gen Down
Son
Grandson
My Wife = ORANGEMy Ancestry = BLUE
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Variation In Siblings
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Two Lines (Paternal/Maternal)Variations Affect Distant Matches Both Sides
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SON 1 Maternal
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SON 2 Maternal
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SON 3 Maternal
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DAU 1 Maternal
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DAU 2 Maternal
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Mom’s 5th cousin to Us…
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5th Cousin’s Kit
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My Mother’s Kit
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gson3
gson2
gson1
gdau1
gfather
gmother
4 Paternal Grandchildren
25% Location
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I Don’t See All My Cousins, Is My Tree Wrong?
Answer – Not All Cousins on Paper, Match Genetically
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http://www.genetic-inference.co.uk/blog/2009/11/how-many-ancestors-share-our-dna/
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Not All Lines Mix at Crossover
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X DNA(no crossover this grandchild)
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Cross-Over Not Proportional
Gen 1
Gen 2
Gen 3
Gen 4
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Cross-Over Not Proportional
Gen 1
Gen 2
Gen 3
Gen 4
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Example of Persistence
To LEC kit
Mom
Me
Son1
GSon1
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Recombination, parent-child trios(Autism Genetic Research Exchange)
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Crossover Hot Spots
Chromosome 1 crossover locations of my five children, their maternal side
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Full Siblings
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Sisters
Composite Result of Share
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Full Sibling Matches Involve 4 Lines (4 Grandparents)
Father Mother
Sibling Sibling
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Sisters
Daughter 1 Paternal
Daughter 2 Paternal
Daughter 1 Maternal
Daughter 2 Maternal
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Sisters
![Page 91: Autosomal DNA Testing · FTDNA Family Finder Family Finder uses autosomal DNA (inherited from both the mother and father, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents, etc.) to provide](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060603/60580166a7da6c7d1c780534/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Sisters
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SistersFULL
HALF
FULL FULL
HALF HALF
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Sisters
The Map is Composite (two lines combined into one color)
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Phased ResultsSon1 to Dau1 Comparison
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Phased ResultsSon1 to Dau1 Comparison
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courtesy of www.gedmatch.com
GREEN/BLUE = FULL IDENTICAL
YELLOW/BLUE = HALF IDENTICAL
Full Siblings
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courtesy of www.gedmatch.com
Half Siblings
GREEN/BLUE = FULL IDENTICAL
YELLOW/BLUE = HALF IDENTICAL
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Phased ResultsSon1 to Dau1 Comparison
CentiMorgans
HALF IBD 3587.10
FULL IBD 7174.20
Paternal 2154.20
Maternal 1819.80
Total 3974.00
Percentage 55.39%
Gedmatch HIR
Gedmatch FIR
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Family Finder is a SHARING test
How Much In-Common Do You Share With Another
This is Especially True for Full Siblings Since They Share 4 Lines of DNA
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What if? Can’t Test a Parent
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Using 1 Sibling to Build a Parent’s Map
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Using 2 Siblings to Build a Parent’s Map
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Using 3 Siblings to Build a Parent’s Map
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Using 4 Siblings to Build a Parent’s Map
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Using 5 Siblings to Build a Parent’s Map
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COUSINS
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COUSINS
SIBLINGS
COUSINS
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COUSINS
Variation
VariationVariation
R
RR
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COUSINS
805cM
2439cM
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Cousins Share - Siblings’ DNA
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Siblings’ In-Common DNA
2 Siblings
R
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Siblings’ In-Common DNA
2 Siblings
R R
R
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Siblings’ In-Common DNA
2 Siblings
R R
R R
R
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Siblings’ In-Common DNA
2 Siblings
R R
R R
R R
R
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2 Matches, Not 3-Way
B
A C
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3-Way Matches
B
A C
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SIBLINGS
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NEPHEW
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COUSINS
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Different Views – My View
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Different Views – Their View
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Mapping Descendents(reverse engineering branches)
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Mapping AncestryMy Maternal Grandparents
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wmd
RECOMBINED
RECOMBINED
Cousins - 2 Generations
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Son 1
PATERNAL SIDE MATERNAL SIDE
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GSon 1
PATERNAL SIDE
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Son 2
PATERNAL SIDE MATERNAL SIDE
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GSon 3
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PATERNAL SIDE (Fathers are Siblings)
Cousins = 4 Lines Compared to 4 Lines
GSon 3GSon 1
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PATERNAL SIDE (Fathers are Siblings)
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FIRST COUSINS
WD
CD
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In-Common Segments
WD
CD
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~2600cM
~800cM
~300cM
Full Siblings
1st Cousins
2nd Cousins
Examples (Approximate) Sum cMs
![Page 134: Autosomal DNA Testing · FTDNA Family Finder Family Finder uses autosomal DNA (inherited from both the mother and father, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents, etc.) to provide](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060603/60580166a7da6c7d1c780534/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
~2600cM (2) Full Siblings
~1400cM
~450cM
Doubled Cousins Raise Sums Up
Half Siblings
1st Once Removed
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~1400cM
~450cM
Half Sib Descendants Drop Sums Down
Half Siblings
1st Once Removed
2nd or 3rd
Cousins~100-200cM
![Page 136: Autosomal DNA Testing · FTDNA Family Finder Family Finder uses autosomal DNA (inherited from both the mother and father, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents, etc.) to provide](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060603/60580166a7da6c7d1c780534/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Predicating
Close and Immediate
Distant
Speculative
Sum of cM
Segment Sizes and Probabilities
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Confirmed
My Kit Data, Other Results May Vary
Close and Immediate
Distant
Speculative
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Closing
• We Have Two Sides (paternal, maternal)
• We Inherit 50% From Each Side
• We Inherit Each Line By Recombination
• Recombination Produces Variation of Ancestry
• Siblings and Cousins share DNA from both sides (composited together like a pool)
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Questions
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Web InfoREFERENCES
http://www.familytreedna.com/faq/answers.aspx?id=17
http://www.genetic-inference.co.uk/blog/2009/11/how-many-ancestors-share-our-dna/
http://ongenetics.blogspot.com/2011/02/genetic-genealogy-and-single-segment.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
SITES AND BLOGS
http://www.dna-testing-adviser.com
http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com
http://www.thegeneticgenealogist.com
http://dna-explained.com
http://www.adoptiondna.blogspot.com
http://genealem-geneticgenealogy.blogspot.com
http://www.gedmatch.com
http://www.dnagedcom.com
http://www.dnaadoption.com
http://www.math.mun.ca/~dapike/FF23utils/index.html