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Autonomous bot using OP-AMP(lm741)
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Transcript of Autonomous bot using OP-AMP(lm741)
![Page 1: Autonomous bot using OP-AMP(lm741)](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052214/5a64fe2c7f8b9aa2548b5769/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Autonomous bot
Done by,C. Balaji 15E105
S. Deepak Arumugam 15E108J. Karthickraja 15E117
S. Praveenkumar 15E137Deepan 16E403
Y. Elangovan 16E501
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Aim of this project:
• Any one who aims for a career in robotics would start learning robotics with simple bots like Line follower, Obstacle detector, Object follower, Light follower and there are many other similar basic bots .
• Generally microcontrollers form the brain of these bots which makes the construction of these bots easier but a bit costlier.
• Our aim was to find an alternative and cheap way to construct these bots.
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Line follower• A line follower generally designed such that it follows a black
path drawn on a white board.
• These bots generally makes use of a pair of IR sensors each of which are placed on either side of the bot.
• When IR radiation falls on a black surface it absorbs all the radiation when it falls on a white surface it reflects back the radiation which is sensed by the sensor
IR LED
IR sensor
IR LED
IR sensor
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The IR sensor module
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Obstacle detector
• An obstacle detector’s idea is to detect an object in its path
• An obstacle detector uses ultrasonic sensors to do this.
• An ultrasonic sensor sends out pulse of 40kHz frequency.
• This pulse gets reflected when it hits an object, the sensor senses the reflected pulse.
• Based on the time between the transmission and reception, the distance between the object and the bot is determined.
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Light Follower
• In light follower, the bot has to a light beam.
• The bot uses a light dependant resistor for this purpose.
• When light rays fall on the LDR, the resistance becomes close to zero.
• When no light falls on the LDR, the resistance becomes the rated value.
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Pro’s and con’s
Pro’s
• Simple design
• Low cost
• No coding knowledge is required.
Con’s
• Limited only to simpler paths ( e.g., the bot cannot pass through loops).
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LM 324
• Low power Quad Op-Amp
• Internally frequency compensated.
• Bandwidth of 1MHz.
• Uses single as well as dual power supply.
• Low offset voltage, offset current, low input bias current.
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Pin diagram
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LM 741
voltage v+ 9v
voltage v- 0
Reference (0-5)v
Input (0-5)v
• The set of signals is applied to the IC
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L293D H BRIDGE
In 1 In 2 Op 1 In 3 In 4 Op Direction
0 0 Nil 1 0 fwd Right
1 0 Fwd 1 0 Fwd forward
0 1 Rev 0 1 Rev reverse
1 0 fwd 0 0 Nil Left
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Motors
• Dc motor with gear arrangement to increase the torque.
• The ratings of motor we used,
Rating
Voltage 3.5 to 9v DC
Rpm 5000
Current 70mA
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Schematic of entire circuit
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Schematic of light follower and line follower
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Wireless light controlled bot using opamp
• The same circuit of light folower can be done in an wireless manner if we use RF transmitter &receiver module along with a decoder and encoder
• The components used are
• OP-amp ic (lm741)
• Transmitter (tws 434) and encoder (HT12E)
• Receiver (Rws 434) and decoder (HT12D)
• Motor driver(L293D)
• Geared dc motors
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HT 12D (Decoder IC)
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HT 12E (Encoder IC)
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TWS 434
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RWS 434
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Circuit for transmission and reception
• Transmitter
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TRANSMITTER configuration
• In transmitter circuit the encoder pins D1 and D3 are connected to output of opamp 1 and 2 respectively.
• And D2 and D4 are grounded
• This configuration restricts the operation of bot in reverse direction.
• Serial data pin is connected to the transmitter pin
• Remaining connections are as per the diagram
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Receiver circuit
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Receiver configuration
• In receiver circuit the decoder pins two pins D1 and D2 are connected to motor driver inputs IN1 and IN2 respectively.
• And D3 and D4 are connected to driver ic pins IN3 IN4 respectively.
• The motors are connected to the output of the ic’s.
• So finally the wireless control of your bot using op amps is successfully done.
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Thank You!!!