AUTOMOTIVE VIRTUAL SENSORSNew Technologies for

WE ARE AT THE ENDOF THE BEGINNING

(John Kelly SVP - Director of IBM Research)

There is a Global Effort to developCOGNITIVE COMPUTING

IBM (IBM.N) said it will invest more than $1 billion to establish a new business unit for WatsonReuters - Thu Jan 9, 2014 2:50am EST

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We use MACHINE LEARNING to design AUTOMOTIVE VIRTUAL SENSORS:

By Leveraging Four Main Skills

Computer Science

Data Science(MACHINE LEARNING)

Domain Knowledge(Engineering)

Embedded SoftwareElectronics

SIDE SLIP ESTIMATOR

Side-Slip Angle Estimator (SSE)We produce the first reliable Side-Slip angle Estimator (SSE) algorithm ready to be integrated in any embedded control loop.

This algorithm runs in Real-Time on a fraction of the resources already available on the existing vehicle electronic control units (15% CPU occupation on Infineon TC1767) and uses exclusively the data already available on the vehicle Can Bus.

We provide the SSE as a software (embeddable C) or integrated in our Hardware solution for Performance Vehicle Dynamics.

SSE on performance carsSide Slip Angle Control: since the SSE estimates the sideslip angle with high precision and virtually with no lag in any driving condition and any road surface, our customers use it in the traction control loop.

Tire Temperature and Wear: the sideslip angle estimator together with the longitudinal slip estimator is used to calculate the instantaneous kinetic energy dissipated by the tires and consequently the tire temperature and total wear.

Adaptive Aerodynamics: on some sport cars our SSE is used in the control loops governing the car’s adaptive aerodynamics.

Features•Does not require additional sensors: works with CAN Bus data @ 50Hz

•Robust (insensitive) to Tire Wear and Temperature

•Works in any handling and road conditions

•Available for 2WD and 4WD vehicles, also available for 4 wheel steering vehicles

Technical Data•20 ms response Lag when used @ 50Hz frequency

•Maximum estimation Error on Wet / Dry conditions: 0.4° RMS

•Maximum estimation Error on Snow / Ice: 1.2° RMS

•Vehicle Speed: from 10 to 300 km/h

Required Signals (from vehicle CANBus)•Wheel Speed

•Front Steer Angle (and rear steer angle when available)

•Ax; Ay; Yaw Rate

How does it workThis algorithm is based on a new mathemat ica l methodology gener a l ly known as Deep Learning.

This approach is extremely effective in finding meaningful and complex correlations in data. We used it to find such correlations between the available vehicle sensor data, available on the Can Bus of every vehicle and the Sideslip Angle.

Once the model is calculated from the experimental data, a light version of the model is translated in highly efficient embedded C code ready to be installed on the vehicle ECU.

Frequency Sweep

High Frequency Maneuvering

High Beta

Correvit Datron - SSE comparison on Validation Dataset(2 wheels drive, 4 wheels steering vehicle)

SPEED ESTIMATOR

Speed Estimator - RacingDo Not Require Additional Sensors

Speed Error below 1.0% from 10 to 40 km/h (*)

Speed Error below 0.5% from 40 to 310 km/h (*)

10[ms] Lag Guarantee with proper Data Feed

(*) Requires Either Tire Characterization OR GPS signal when availableTire Characterization Requires Typically One Day per Tire Set

TRACTION CONTROL

ATCAdvanced Traction Control10% improvement in Longitudinal Acceleration

Up to 10% improvement in Longitudinal Acceleration vs. Traditional Traction Control Systems (standard BOSCH)

Maximum traction performance in all driving conditions

Increased the Stability Margin without compromising safety and driving pleasure

PTCPerformance Traction ControlMaximum Traction + Sideslip Angle Control

Integration of ATC and SSE: Supports the driver in driving sport mode leaving more control and enjoyment while keeping safety

Can be set to two targets:

+ PERFORMANCE : Maximum Cornering Speed and Acceleration on Corner Exit

+ FUN: Controlled Drift

INTEGRATION ON BOARD

Depending on performance requests, there are four different integration options:

1. PTC measures the slip implemented by the traction control system and provides a delta_slip value to be added to the reference signal entering in the closed-loop

2. PTC provides directly the slip reference signal entering in the traction control loop

3. PTC provides the engine torque reference signal entering in the engine control system

4. PTC provides the engine torque and throttle reference signals entering in the engine control system