Automotive Emission Control

8/14/2019 Automotive Emission Control

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EMISSIONSCONTROLSYSTEMEclipse Ion Engine

An Ecl ips e Des ign & Ma teri al , In cn Ecl ips e Des ign & Ma teri al , In c Com panyom panyAutomotive Emission Control System

5055 M etri c Way , Su ite 105Car son C ity , N evad a 8 9706, USA

(T EL) 7 75 -8 41 -1 91 3 ( FAX) 775 -8 41-1 916(E-M AIL) m sy am mach@e clipse nanom ed. com


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Introducing the Next Generation ofIntroducing the Next Generation ofDiesel Engine Exhaust Gas Emissions ControlDiesel Engine Exhaust Gas Emissions Control

Innovation and the use of unique ceramictechnology has created a product that eliminatestoxic exhaust gas emissions from Diesel/Gasoline

engines, for a fraction of the cost of alternativemethods.


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Corporate CommitmentCorporate Commitment

Since the 1990s, Eclipse Design & Material, Inc. havebeen pioneering the new ceramic products & technologiesfor aerospace, automotive, industrial, medical, and

military application. Our corporate commitment is to providing engineered

solutions to overcome technological barriers & improveyour customers product performance

One important product group that is under increasingscrutiny with regard to performance improvementincludes the full range of diesel engines


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Situation SummarySituation Summary In 1996, a Statement of Principles pertaining to non-

road diesel engines was signed between EPA, CaliforniaARB and engine makers Including Caterpillar, Cummins, Deere, Detroit Diesel (Daimler-Benz),

Deutz, Isuzu, Komatsu, Kubota, Mitsubishi, Navistar, New Holland, Wis-Con, and Yanmar

Jointly, these and other manufacturers build between 1.1m and 1.4m newdiesel engines in a typical year, some of which will be kept in operationfor up to 20+ years, but most of which (our research shows) will a have anaverage working life of 8.38 years (18,000 operating hrs./628,500miles)

That means a field population of 9.2 to 11.7 units (conservatively)

In 1997, EPA adopted new emission standards foron-road diesel truck and bus engines.

The goal is to significantly reduce CO, HC, Non-methane hydrocarbons, NOx, and Particular Matteremissions


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Situation SummarySituation Summary

Tier 1-3 Standards.

The first federal standards (Tier 1) for new dieselengines were adopted in 1994 for engines over 50 hp,

and were to be phased-in from 1996 to 2000. In 1998 regulations expanded Tier 1 standards to

include engines under 50 hp and added more stringentTier 2 and Tier 3 standards for all equipment with

phase-in schedules from 2000 to 2008. The Tier 1-3 standards are met through advanced engine

design, with use of exhaust gas after treatment in somecases


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Tier 4 Standards.

On May 11, 2004, the EPA signed the final ruleintroducing Tier 4 emission standards, which are to be

phased-in over the period of 2008-2015[69 FR 38957-39273, 29 Jun 2004].

The Tier 4 standards require that emissions of ParticularMatter and NOx be further reduced by about 90%.

These levels of emission reductions can be achievedthrough the use of control technologies and today mostinclude advanced exhaust gas after treatment


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Manufacturers have reacted appropriately, and rapidlydesigned and built diesel engines that better respond tothe Tier 4 emissions standards with new controltechnologies (i.e. Cats ASERT, Navistars EGR)

But to meet the 2010 regulations, even the majority ofthese, as well as the older engines already in use, willrequire exhaust gas after treatment with such things as: catalytic reduction units

Lean NOx absorbers Particulate traps and filters Oxidation catalysts Etc.


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Radical Change Through InnovationRadical Change Through Innovation Revolutionary and proprietary Next Generation green technology

Uses a unique and proprietary ceramic-based solid-stateelectron/proton conducting electrode imbedded in ceramicelectrolyte Mixed Phase Ceramic Oxide Catalyst ("MPCOCTM")

technology capable of breaking down exhaust pollution emissionsinto their non-pollutant elements. Eclipses MPCOCTM is fundamentally different from other

approaches, and enables Eclipse to produce catalyst formulationswith superior catalytic performance and a high degree of durability.

By applying DC power across this unique ceramic grid this

technology creates a gas to gas decomposition separating O2 & Hmolecules from toxic gases

SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, unburned Hydro Carbons (HCs), and othergases containing oxygen, are turned into S, N2, C, H and O2, whichare non-toxic, pure gases


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Radical Change Through InnovationRadical Change Through Innovation

Emissions Control System allows only non-toxicair to exit

Inserted into the exhaust system ahead of the muffler Has no moving parts, requires little or no maintenance

High durability and maintains efficiency throughout awide range of ambient temperature conditions

Decreases power reduction & torque reduction causedby current technology, extending engine component life,and is capable of capturing and re-cycling O2 back intoengine for increased fuel/engine efficiency


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Radical Change Through InnovationRadical Change Through Innovation

TheEmissions Control System is a stand aloneunit

Capable of handling a small or large flow rate

Can be retrofitted to accommodate any size exhaust

Requires no waste disposal

Reduces toxic emissions by up to 99.99 percent

Eliminates the need for other components such as: Selective Catalytic Reduction

Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Diesel Particulate Filter

Urea Selective Catal tic Reduction NO


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Emissions Control SystemEmissions ControlSystem

TechnologyTechnology

Planar Arrangement, Concept Drawing


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Emissions Control SystemEmissions Control System

CO2*

CO*

NOX

SOX

N2 &

S &

C &

C &

HC H2 & C

From To

* Further study needs to be done to optimize the product performance.


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Technology out-performs all known internalcombustion engine exhaust emission solutions: Ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction Hydrocarbon-based selective catalytic reduction Advanced three-way catalytic converter Lean NOx absorbers Particulate trap and regeneration stage Oxidation catalysts Plasma Exhaust gas pretreatment Base metal fuel additives Corona system

Zeolite, etc.


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Emissions Control SystemEmissions Control System

TestingTesting

Technology has been independently tested*

Raw engine exhaust was pulled from a modern Fiatdirect injection turbo-diesel engine out sampling port

specifically used for collecting engine-out emissions. The exhaust was piped to the test bench platform

through a heated sample line.

A Mass Spectrometer emission analyzer was used forthe test.

The Mass Spectrometer had two heated probes with onemeasurement head.

*The referenced test was conducted by Delphi Automotive in 8/00. Additional testing was conducted by Eaton Automotive in 1/05 andDiablo Analytical, Inc., for Hewlett Packard in 10/99 (Oxygen Generator and Oxygen Sensor)


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Emissions Control SystemEmissions Control SystemTestingTesting

Technology has been independently tested The test device was setup between the two sample

streams. The first sample probe allowed collection of base

engine exhaust emissions and measurement of thesample flow through the system.

The second probe was used to measure the NOx and

other gases emissions after the test device. In order to collect the data for these tests, engine outbase measurement was taken first, then the probes wereswitched to measure the post test device emissionvalues through the test device.


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Emission Control SystemEmission ControlSystemTestingTesting

Technology has been independently tested The sampling process was conducted twice for both

engine-out and post device emissions. The engine speed and load for the test was set at 2400

rpm and 80 N-M of torque (as it is the standard testpoint utilized for NOx emission standard testing and forwhich extensive background data exists).

The total flow through the exhaust system was 52.9gm/sec (2451126.437 cc/min).

This rate of flow is consistent with an average on-highway truck cruising speed of 60 MPH.


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Emissions Control SystemEmissions Control SystemTest ResultsTest Results

Better than 6 Sigma Reduction in Emissions Base Line Engine Out Emissions (in ppm level)

NO :187.9627 ppm NO2 : 53.9344 ppm

Post Device Emissions (in ppm level) First test sets,unit was operated at 1 Volt, 3 Ampere, and 100 cc/min

NO : 5.1093 ppm (97.3% Reduction) NO2 : 3.5485 ppm (94.4% Reduction)


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Better than 6 Sigma Reduction in Emissions Second test sets, unit was operated at 0.5 Volt, 0.8

Ampere, and 500 cc/minNO : 20.5060 ppm

NO2 : 6.0974 ppm Second test sets, unit was operated at 1 Volt, 0.8

Ampere, and 500 cc/min NO : 0.1296 ppm

NO2 : 0.0518 ppm Second test sets, unit was operated at 2.0 Volt, 0.8

Ampere, and 500 cc/min NO : 0.1200 ppm (99.999997%

Reduction) NO2 : 0.0366 m 99.9999999997%


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Additional Detail Note CO/CO2Additional Detail Note CO/CO2 Better than 6 Sigma Reduction in Emissions

First test sets, unit was operated at 1 Volt, 3 Ampere, and 100 cc/min

H2O : 17475.52 ppm (1.75%)

Methane : 1.0154 ppm

NO : 5.1093 ppm

NO2 : 3.5485 ppm

O2: 233371.1 ppm (23.34%)

Propane : 0.9411 ppm

Propene : 4.2389 ppmCO* : -9.8404 ppm

CO2* : 3120.499 ppm (0.31%)

Toluene : 0.0507 ppm



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Second test sets, unit was operated at 0.5 Volt, 0.8Ampere, and 500 cc/min

H2O : 18549.32 ppm (1.85%)Methane : 2.3864 ppm

NO : 20.506 ppm NO2 : 6.0974 ppmO2 : 1971059 ppm (19.71%)

Propane : 0.5312 ppmPropene : 3.0406 ppmCO* : 0.0000 ppmCO2* : 0.0000 ppmToluene : 0.012 ppm



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Second test sets, unit was operated at 1 Volt, 0.8Ampere, and 500 cc/min


NO : 0.1296 ppm NO2 : 0.0518 ppmO2 : 201548.1 ppm (20.15%)




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Second test sets, unit was operated 2.0 Volt, 0.8Ampere, and 500 cc/min


NO : 0.1200 ppm NO2 : 0.0366 ppmO2 : 204930.9 ppm (20.49%)




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Eaton Corporation NOx Filter Test

A NOx filter test was conducted to determineif NOx could be selectively reduced in thepresence of other gases.

Bottled gas was used as opposed to exhaust

gas to prove the concept


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Emissions Control SystemEmissions Control SystemTest ResultsTest ResultsHigh NOx Concentration with Nitrogen Mix (485 ppm NOx)

Yields Near 100% NOx Reduction at 1 liter/min gas flow rate.

485 ppm NOx with N2

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0 0. 1 1. 2 2. 3

ECS flow, lpm

NOx,

0511223344

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1010110

NOxConvEff(%),ECSPower(W),

Power

at500HP

ECS NOx out

Power, W

Nox Conv

electrical Power (kW) at 500 hp,Not considering amount of

NOx Conversion Efficiency

Near 100% at low flows, drops

to 70% at 2.5

NOx InECS (485

p

NOx Out ofElectrical Power Required --

Scaled to 500 hp,


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435 ppm NOx, 254 ppm

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0 0. 1 1. 2 2. 3

ECS flow, lpm

NOx,ppm

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101011011512

NOxConvEff(%),ECSPower(W),

Powe

rat500HP

ECS NOx

Power, W

Nox Conv

electrical Power (kW) at 500 hp,considering amount of

NOx Conversion Efficiency

Near 100% at low flows, drops

to 65% at 2.5

NOx Out ofElectrical Power Required --

Scaled to 500 hp,

Emissions Control SystemEmissions Control SystemTest ResultsTest ResultsHigh NOx efficiency in presence of CO


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Eaton Corporation Test Summary

ECS unit selectively reduces NOx in thepresence of nitrogen or carbon monoxide.

The sweet spot for NOx conversion efficiencyand electrical power is around a exhaust flowrate of 1 liter/min.



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Independent Testing ConclusionsIndependent Testing Conclusions

From the tests shown in this presentation, and from theresults of other additional independent evaluations, theresults indicate:

This Emissions Control System is the only available stateof the art emissions control device that delivers significantresults, that will satisfy any current and future national and

international Clean Air Acts, from the EPA Clean Air Act tothe Kyoto Global Warming Protocols for reduction of greenhouse gases.


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ConclusionsConclusions

The concept is unique, simple and effective

It requires less space, less maintenance and

less engine power to operate It can be produced at substantially less cost

than current technologies

And it is more durable and reliable under alloperating conditions

Automotive Emission Control

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