AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTICS AND PUBLISHING

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AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTICS AND PUBLISHING

-Presents-

The FREE Automotive Cross-Reference

Guide


The FREE Automotive Cross-Reference Guide

By Mandy Concepcion This guide was written without the sponsoring

of any one particular company or organiza-tion. No endorsements are made or implied. Any reference to a company or organization is done purely for sake of information.



Copyright © 2011 By Mandy Concepcion This guide is copyrighted under Federal Law to prevent the unauthorized use or copying of its contents. Under copyright law, no part of this work can be re-produced, copied or transmitted in any way or form without the written per-mission of its author, Mandy Concepcion. The information, documentation, and other material in this book are provided “as is”, without war-ranty of any kind. No warranty can be made to the information contained in this book for accuracy or completeness. In no event shall the publisher or author be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of the performance or other use of the in-formation or materials contained in this book. The acceptance of this manual is conditional on the acceptance of this disclaimer. The Tech-2 is a registered trademark of Vetronix Corp. and GM The DRB III & Starscan are a registered trademark of DaimlerChrysler The NGS is a registered trademark of Ford Motor Co. Any other proprietary name used in this book was done purely for explanatory purposes.

Made in the U.S.A.


TABLE of CONTENTS

SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND PIDs, MAP Sensor readings, TPS sen-sor reading

page 1

FUEL RAIL PRESSURE sensor voltage chart, Pump cell current-to-A/F ratio reference data

both in Lambda and A/F ratio

page 2

Toyota AFR sensor OEM PID-to-OBD II generic PID (with A/F ratios).

page 3

DPFE sensor voltage-to-pressure chart, Fuel Trim Scale (OBD-2 and GM).

page 4

FUEL FLOW VOLUME GUIDELINES page 5

TYPICAL FUEL TRIM CELL MAP, TYPICAL FUEL MATRIX INDICATING LOAD & ENGINE RPM

page 6

CAN NETWORK ARBITRATION PROCESS page 7

SECONDS TO MILLISECODS/MICROSECONDS, UNITS OF ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE

MEANING

page 8

AIR CONDITIONING FREON CHARGE. OZ. TO DECIMAL EQUIVA-LENTS

page 9

OZ. TO GRAMS CONVERSION TABLE, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, VACUUM AND PRESSURE IN GENERAL

page 10

PSI, KPA, PRESSURES IN H2O AND HG CONVERSION TABLE page 11

ALTITUDE TO HG AND KPA REFERENCE page 12

TEMPERATURE REFERENCE page 13

SPEED/VELOCITY REFERENCE page 14


KOEO KOER

GM 4.5 Volts at sea level to 3.2 Volts at 7000’

0.8 Volts to 1.4 Volts

FORD 159 Hz at sea level 95 to 112 Hz at idle

JEEP 4.6 Volts at sea level 1.1 to 1.3 Volts at idle

CHRYSLER 4.8 Volts at sea level 0.9 to 1.3 Volts at idle

TOYOTA 3.3 TO 3.8 Volts at sea level 1.2 TO 1.3 Volts at idle

HONDA 3.0 Volts at sea level 0.9 TO 1.1 Volts

VOLVO 4.6 TO 5.0 Volts at sea level 0.8 to 1.3 Volts at idle

Typical readings for MAP sensors .

KOEO

GM 0.50 Volts 4.5 Volts WOT

CHRYSLER 0.60 Volts 3.5 – 4.5 Volts WOT

FORD 0.7 – 1.1 Volts 4.6 Volts WOT

JEEP 0.6 – 0.9 Volts 3.5 – 4.1 Volts WOT

HONDA/ACURA 0.5 Volts 4.8 Volts WOT

NISSAN 0.40 – 0.50 Volts 4.2 Volts WOT

TOYOTA/LEXUS (VTA sig-nal)

0.50 Volts 4.2 Volts WOT

VOLVO 0.50 Volts 4.6 Volts WOT

Typical TPS readings at idle and W.O.T.

SENSORS, ACTUATORS & PIDs

1


FRP sensor voltage chart.

0.50 volts – 0 PSI 1.2 volts – 10 PSI 1.65 volts – 20 PSI 2.2 volts – 30 PSI 2.75 volts – 40 PSI 3.45 volts – 50 PSI 3.9 volts – 60 PSI 4.6 volts – 70 PSI

FUEL RAIL PRESSURE sensor voltage chart.

Pump Cell Current Excess air in (Lambda) Air/Fuel ratio

- 0.005 0.80 (RICH A/F MIXTURE) 11.7:1

- 0.004 0.84 12.3:1

- 0.003 0.89 13.0:1

- 0.002 0.91 13.3:1

- 0.001 0.95 13.9:1

0.000 (NO CURRENT FLOW)

1.00 (14.7:1—Stoichiometry) 14.7:1

+ 0.001 1.10 16.2:1

+ 0.002 1.25 18.3:1

+ 0.003 1.44 21.1:1

+ 0.004 1.74 25.2:1

+ 0.005 1.89 27.7:1

+ 0.006 2.00 (LEAN A/F MIXTURE) 29.4:1

Pump cell current-to-A/F ratio reference data both in Lambda and A/F ratio.

2


AFR voltage OEM PID Air/Fuel Ratio OBD II PID

(OEM value Divided by 5)

2.40 volts RICH

12.00 A/F 0.48 volts

2.50 volts 12.30 A/F 0.50 volts

2.60 volts 12.60 A/F 0.52 volts

2.70 volts 12.90 A/F 0.54 volts

2.80 volts 13.20 A/F 0.56 volts

2.90 volts 13.50 A/F 0.58 volts

3.00 volts 13.80 A/F 0.60 volts

3.10 volts 14.10 A/F 0.62 volts

3.20 volts 14.40 A/F 0.64 volts

3.30 volts 14.70 A/F (Stoichiometric ra-tio)

0.66 volts

3.40 volts 15.30 A/F 0.68 volts

3.50 volts 15.90 A/F 0.70 volts

3.60 volts 16.50 A/F 0.72 volts

3.70 volts 17.20 A/F 0.74 volts

3.80 volts 17.80 A/F 0.76 volts

3.90 volts 18.40 A/F 0.78 volts

4.00 volts LEAN

19.00 A/F 0.80 volts

Toyota AFR sensor OEM PID-to-OBD II generic PID (with A/F ratios).

3


IN-H2O IN-Hg KPa Volts 1.00 V offset

Volts 0.55 V offset

120 8.84 29.80 4.99 4.65

90 6.65 22.30 4.10 3.66

60 4.40 14.95 3.10 2.65

30 2.25 7.45 2.10 1.56

0 0 0 1.00 0.55

DPFE sensor voltage-to-pressure chart.

Fuel Trim Scale (OBD-2 and GM). 4


REFERENCE VALUES The following are specific guidelines for the use of the fuel flow/volume gauge. Differences can be found between systems, however, these actual specifications apply to most fuel systems. (These val-ues were taken in actual vehicles in the field).

systems with a fuel pressure regulator: *PFI & SFI - Between 0.3 to 0.5 gal. per minute. * TBI & Vortex (CPI) - 0.4 to 0.8 gal. per minute.

** 85 Century ( 2.5L) Single TBI = 0.35 gal per min. at 10 lbs. ** 95 Bronco ( 5.0L ) PFI = 0.6 gal per min. at 35 lbs. ** 93 MX6/626 ( 2.5L ) SFI = 0.45 gal per min. ** 96 E-150 ( 5.8L ) SFI = 0.45 gal per min. ** 90 Corolla ( 1.6L ) PFI = 0.15-0.20 gal per min. at 33 lbs ** 97 Maxima ( 3.0L ) SFI ( Dual speed fuel pump ) ( 1st speed )13 volts - 0.40 gal per min. ( 2nd speed ) 9.5 volts - .15 gal per min. --- WOT while goosing the throttle - 0.25 mls per min.--- ** 91 RAM VAM 5.9L = 0.6 gal per min. ** 94 Corolla ( 1.8 ) PFI = 0.45 gal per min at 40 lbs. ** 91 Sentra ( 1.6L ) PFI = 0.5 gal per min at 38 lbs. ** 96 Cadillac Seville 4.6L (NorthStar)=0.4 gal per min at 42 lbs.

Systems without a fuel pressure regulator ( Returnless systems ):

In order to test returnless systems, a fuel shut-off valve should be used in-line with the fuel flow gauge. Simply connect the shut-off valve at the output hose and close it. Con-nect a charger to the vehicle’s battery and jump the fuel pump. Record and compare the dead-end fuel pressure to the correct specs. Open the shut-off valve (let fuel into a safe container) until the fuel pressure just starts to drop bellow specs. At that time, record the fuel flow. Use the rule of thumb—Anything under 0.30 gallons per minute is proba-bly not enough to maintain proper air/fuel ratio.

Continuous fuel injection system (CFI German cars):

** 86 Mercedes 300 = 0.7 gal. per minute at idle and while goosing the throttle. ( 85lbs of press.)

FUEL FLOW VOLUME GUIDELINES

5


0” to 5” 13 WOT 14 WOT 15 WOT 16 WOT

L 5” to 9” 9 mid-cruise 10 80 MPH 11 Passing 12 Passing

O 9” to 17” 5 light-cruise 6 40 MPH 7 Passing 8 Passing

A 17” to 20”

1 Idle speed 2 unloaded 3 unloaded 4 unloaded

D (Vacuum) 1200 RPM 2400 RPM 3600 RPM 4800 RPM

ENGINE SPEED

Typical fuel trim cell map indicating load and engine speed. Notice that at the higher cell numbers 13 through 16 the ECM is in open loop, since at WOT (wide open throttle) the ECM is not controlling the mixture. At the same time, EGR operation will only occur at cell # 5, 6, 9, 10. There is no EGR activation at idle, WOT or while passing.

Cell 1 Light/

Acceleration 1000 RPM

Cell 3 Light/loaded Acceleration 1200 RPM


Cell 7 Med/loaded Acceleration 1800 RPM

Cell 9 Heavy/load


Cell 11 Heavy/load

Acceleration W.O.T.

Cell 13 Rev/Drive Part load 800 RPM

Cell 0 Light/




Cell 6 Heavy/load


Cell 8 Heavy/load

Acceleration

Cell 10 Heavy/load

Acceleration

Cell 12 Idle/speed

No load 750 RPM

Typical fuel matrix indicating load & engine RPM. (Acquired using DRB 3) 6


CAN Network Arbitration process. The signal sequence (identifier) with the lower binary number has the highest frame priority.

7


ELECTRICAL TERMS & VALUES

Milli-Seconds Seconds Micro-Seconds

1 mSec .001 Sec 1000 ySec

10 mSec .010 Sec 10,000 ySec

100 mSec .100 Sec 100,000 ySec

1000 mSec 1.0 Second 1,000,000 ySec

Micro Seconds Seconds Milli-Seconds

1 ySec .000 001 Sec .001 mSec

10 ySec .000010 Sec .010 mSec

100 ySec .0001 Sec .100 mSec

1000 ySec .001 Sec 1 mSec or .001 Seconds

Seconds to Millisecods/Microseconds. Can also be used for voltage and amperage.

UNIT MEANING

AMPERES or AMPS Measurement of the amount of current through a

conductor. Amount of electron flow. Similar to water flowing through a hose or pipe.

VOLTAGE or ELECTRI-CAL PRESSURE

Voltage is the electrical pressure applied to electrons. Voltage does NOT flow. Similar to water pressure

inside a hose or pipe.

FREQUENCY or CYCLES per SECONDS

Frequency is the amount of cycles per each second. It is used to measure changing current or voltage.

AMPLITUDE Amplitude is the distance from the uppermost to the lowermost part of a cycle. Used to analyze the signal

recognition threshold of a waveform.

Units of electrical measurements and their respective meaning.

8


WEIGHTS AND VOLUMES

OZ. Decimal LBS. OZ. Decimal LBS.

0.5 0.03 8.5 0.53

1.0 0.06 9.0 0.56

1.5 0.09 9.5 0.59

2.0 0.13 10.0 0.63

2.5 0.16 10.5 0.66

3.0 0.19 11.0 0.69

3.5 0.22 11.5 0.72

4.0 0.25 12.0 0.75

4.5 0.28 12.5 0.78

5.0 0.31 13.0 0.81

5.5 0.34 13.5 0.84

6.0 0.38 14.0 0.88

6.5 0.41 14.5 0.91

7.0 0.44 15.0 0.94

7.5 0.47 15.5 0.97

8.0 0.50 16.0 1.0

Air Conditioning Freon Charge. OZ. to decimal equivalents. To be used on A/C Freon charging machines.

9


OZ. Grams OZ. Grams

1.0 28.3495 8.5 240.97

1.5 45.52 9.0 255.14

2.0 56.69 9.5 269.32

2.5 70.87 10.0 283.49

3.0 85.04 10.5 297.66

3.5 99.22 11.0 311.84

4.0 113.39 11.5 326.01

4.5 127.57 12.0 340.19

5.0 141.74 12.5 354.36

5.5 155.92 13.0 368.54

6.0 170.09 13.5 382.71

6.5 184.27 14.0 396.89

7.0 198.44 14.5 411.06

7.5 212.62 15.0 425.24

8.0 226.79 15.5 439.41

1 LB 453.59

Oz. to Grams conversion table. Useful for A/C freon charges, European vehicle specs, etc.

Atmospheric Pressure

29.9 IN of Mercury (IN Hg) 101.35 Kpa

406.64 IN H2O 14.7 PSI

VACUUM

MERCURY

The atmospheric pressure, vacuum and pressure in general can be measured in many different ways. Water in used as a fluidic guide in very accurate pressure gauges used to detect EVAP LEAKS. For these applica-tions the PSI, Hg or any other common scale are too inaccurate to measure small vacuum/pressure readings. On the other hand, these other gauges are useful in measuring much higher pressures.

10


PSI Kpa Inches of Water Inches of Mercury

0.5 3.44 13.60 1.01

1.0 6.89 27.60 2.03

1.5 10.34 41.34 3.04

2.0 13.78 55.21 4.06

2.5 17.23 68.95 5.07

3.0 20.68 82.82 6.09

3.5 24.13 95.33 7.10

4.0 27.57 110.43 8.12

4.5 31.02 124.16 9.13

5.0 34.47 138.04 10.15

5.5 37.92 151.77 11.16

6.0 41.36 165.64 12.18

6.5 44.81 179.38 13.19

7.0 48.26 193.25 14.21

7.5 51.71 206.99 15.22

8.0 55.15 220.86 16.24

8.5 58.60 234.60 17.25

9.0 62.05 248.47 18.27

9.5 65.49 262.20 19.28

10.0 68.94 276.08 20.30

10.5 72.39 289.81 21.31

11.0 75.84 303.68 22.33

11.5 79.28 317.42 23.34

12.0 82.73 331.29 24.36

12.5 86.18 345.03 25.37

13.0 89.63 358.90 26.39

13.5 93.07 372.64 27.40

14.0 96.52 386.51 28.42

14.7 PSI Atmospheric Pressure

101.35 Kpa 406.64 IN H2O 29.90 IN Hg

PSI, Kpa, Pressures in H2O and Hg conversion table. Useful in the analysis of MAP, MAF, EVAP Systems leaks, Vacuum related faults, etc. Remember, when taking vacuum/pressure

readings, you are always adding to the atmospheric pressure.

11


Altitude in Fts Kpa IN of Mercury (Hg)

Sea Level 101.35 Kpa 29.9 Hg

At 1000 ‘ 99.41 Kpa 28.9 Hg

At 2000 ‘ 95.97 Kpa 27.9 Hg

At 3000 ‘ 92.53 Kpa 26.9 Hg

At 4000 ‘ 89.09 Kpa 25.9 Hg

At 5000 ‘ 85.65 Kpa 24.9 Hg

At 6000 ‘ 82.21 Kpa 23.9 Hg

At 7000 ‘ 78.77 Kpa 22.9 Hg

Altitude to Hg and Kpa reference. Useful in analyzing MAP and MAF sensor scanner readings. Compare your reading to the chart according to your city altitude. An off calibration BARO reading points to a defective MAP or MAF sensor, as well as your idle readings.

12


TEMPERATURE REFERENCE

°C °F °C °F °C °F °C °F 100 212.0 70 158.0 40 104.0 10 50.0 99 210.2 69 156.2 39 102.2 9 48.2 98 208.4 68 154.4 38 100.4 8 46.4 97 206.6 67 152.6 37 98.6 7 44.6 96 204.8 66 150.8 36 96.8 6 42.8 95 203.0 65 149.0 35 95.0 5 41.0 94 201.2 64 147.2 34 93.2 4 39.2 93 199.4 63 145.4 33 91.4 3 37.4 92 197.6 62 143.6 32 89.6 2 35.6 91 195.8 61 141.8 31 87.8 1 33.8 90 194.0 60 140.0 30 86.0 0 32.0 89 192.2 59 138.2 29 84.2 -1 30.2 88 190.4 58 136.4 28 82.4 -2 28.4 87 188.6 57 134.6 27 80.6 -3 26.6 86 186.8 56 132.8 26 78.8 -4 24.8 85 185.0 55 131.0 25 77.0 -5 23.0 84 183.2 54 129.2 24 75.2 -6 21.2 83 181.4 53 127.4 23 73.4 -7 19.4 82 179.6 52 125.6 22 71.6 -8 17.6 81 177.8 51 123.8 21 69.8 -9 15.8 80 176.0 50 122.0 20 68.0 -10 14.0 79 174.2 49 120.2 19 66.2 -11 12.2 78 172.4 48 118.4 18 64.4 -12 10.4 77 170.6 47 116.6 17 62.6 -13 8.6 76 168.8 46 114.8 16 60.8 -14 6.8 75 167.0 45 113.0 15 59.0 -15 5.0 74 165.2 44 111.2 14 57.2 -16 3.2 73 163.4 43 109.4 13 55.4 -17 1.4 72 161.6 42 107.6 12 53.6 -18 -0.4 71 159.8 41 105.8 11 51.8 -19 -2.2

13


SPEED/VELOCITY REFERENCE

MILES PER HOUR KILOMETERS PER HOUR

1.0 1.61 10 16.10 15 24.15 20 32.20 25 40.25 30 48.30 35 56.35 40 64.40 45 72.45 50 80.50 55 88.55 60 96.60 65 104.65 70 112.70 75 120.75 80 128.80 85 136.85 90 144.90 95 152.95 100 161 14


NOTES:

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NOTES:

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