Automatic Transfer System Explained in Details _ EEP

8/17/2019 Automatic Transfer System Explained in Details _ EEP

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matic Transfer System Explained in Details | EEP

//electrical-engineering-portal.com/automatic-transfer-system-explained-in-details-part-1#manual-mode[14/03/2016 00:25:27]

Automatic Transfer System Explained in Details (Part 1)

Operational Requirments of Automatic Transfer System (photo credit: bernini-design.com)

The Role of the Automatic Transfer SystemUsing the basic building blocks of utility power, system topology, on-site generation, and

uninterruptible power supplies, the basic role of the automatic transfer system may now b

defined.

In this role, the Automatic Transfer System must display the following

characteristics:

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1. Robustness – it must operate as intended, even under abnormal power

system conditions, without human intervention. Just as importantly, it must be able to

distinguish when a system condition does not warrant transfer to the alternate powe

source.

2. It must be able to control the switchgear as required and, additionally, must be

able to pass the proper signals to the alternate power source if necessary (for

example, to signal a generator when to start.

Simply stated, the role of the automatic transfer system is to

provide the automatic transfer of power for its associated

load group from a normal power source, such as a utility

service, to an alternate power source, such as standby

generation, in the event the normal source fails.

Example System Description

To fully illustrate the operational requirements ofa typical automatic transfer system, a

more detailed representation of the system is required. For this purpose, the main-main

topology arrangement used, but with the details of the automatic transfer system shown:

http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/main-main-topology.pnghttp://electrical-engineering-portal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/main-main-topology.pnghttp://electrical-engineering-portal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/main-main-topology.pnghttp://electrical-engineering-portal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/main-main-topology.png


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Figure 1 – Main-Main Automatic Transfer Scheme Detail

In Figure 1, the automatic transfer logic provides the decision-making for what

automatic operations are to happen, and when. It controls the operation of the two transfe

circuit breakers, CB-UM and CB-GM, and receives status inputs from those breakers. It

also can initiate generator startup for the alternate power source.

Undervoltage (device 27) and negative sequence voltage

(device 47) relays on each power source give the transfer

logic indication of their condition. In addition, a frequency

relay (device 81) is present for frequency indication of the

alternate power source.


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Voltage transformers, or VT’s, step the system voltages down to instrumentation levels tha

can be used by these relays. A user interface allows the adjustment of certain operating

parameters of the system, and updates the user onthe status of the system.

Using this example system, the operational requirements of a typical automatic

transfer system wil l be examined.

Modes of Operation //

An essential requirement of anyautomatic transfer system is the ability to have different

modes of operation. In a given mode of operation, the transfer system will respond in a

given way to changing system conditions. For a different mode of operation, the transfer

system will respond differently.

Two basic modes of operation, which any automatic transfer system must have, are

1. Manual Mode

2. Automatic Mode

In the manual mode, the automatic transfer system does not perform any automatic

operations, i.e., it does not respond to changing system conditions. All circuit breaker

operations must be manually performed. Conversely, in the automatic mode of operation

all operations, with a few emergency exceptions, are automatic, and the system will

respond automatically to changing system conditions.

On the surface, this appears to be a simple arrangement, and to some extent this is true.

Good ATS design //

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However, good automatic transfer system design has well-thought-out mode

logic that answers the following questions:

1. Can the system be placed into automatic mode if system conditions are not

correct (for example, if an automatically-controlled circuit breaker is in the

withdrawn position or not present in the circuit breaker cell)?

2. What manual operations are allowed in automatic mode (for example, manual

opening of circuit breakers)?

3. What happens if an allowed manual operation is performed on an

automatically controlled device (for example, if an automatically-controlled circuit

breaker is manually tripped or trips due to a fault)

Such questions are not always easy to answer. In fact, they necessitate, in a well-designe automatic transfer system, the inclusion of a third mode of operation, typically known as

auto mode failure.

The three modes of operation then typically work as follows:

1. Manual mode

2. Automatic mode

3. Auto mode failure

1. Manual Mode

Selected via a selector switch position or other pre-determined user input via the user

interface. No automatic operations occur.

Go back to ATS Operation Modes ↑

2. Automatic Mode //

Selected via a selector switch position or other pre-determined user input via the user

interface. Attempting to enter automatic mode if the system conditions are not correct

places the system into Auto Mode Failure.


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In Automatic Mode, operations for certain circuit breakers

(such as main and tie circuit breakers) are automatic,

however manual tripping (or breaker trip due to a fault) of

automatically-controlled circuit breakers is allowed. Such

manual or fault-driven operations will result in the system

being placed into Auto Mode Failure.


3. Auto Mode Failure //

No automatic operations occur. For automatically-controlled circuit breakers, only

manual tripping (or trip due to a fault) is allowed. To leave this mode of operation, the

system must be placed into manual mode.

This arrangement provides a high level of security for the transfer scheme,

i.e., undesired or “nuisance” operations are minimized, enhancing safety,

maintainability, and reliability of the system.

Of necessity, to make this mode logic arrangement function properly the breaker status

must consist both of breaker open-closed indication and, for drawout circuit breakers,

circuit breaker cell switch indication.

Circuit breaker cell switches are a feature which must not be overlooked as they are

essential for the proper function of an automatic transfer scheme with drawout

circuit breakers. For the same reason overcurrent trip switches for low-voltage circuit

breakers or lockout relays for medium-voltage circuit breakers are also required.

Another question that frequently arises is that of a “test”

mode of operation. While this could be made into a separate

mode of operation, this is usually most expediently handled

via voltage failure simulation test switches whilethe system is

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the automatic mode.


Will be continued soon…

Reference // Critical-Power Automatic Transfer Systems – Design and Application by Bill

Brown, P.E., Jay Guditis, Square D Critical Power Competency Center

Recommended EE stuff //

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Article Tags //

alternate power source, ats design, auto mode failure,

automatic transfer power, automatic transfer scheme,

automatic transfer system, circuit breaker,

Filed Under Category //

Energy and Power Protection

SrinivasNOV 23, 2015

Sinnadurai Sripadma

NOV 20, 2015

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About Author //

Edvard Csanyi

Edvard - Electrical engineer, programmer and founder of EEP.

Highly specialized for design of LV high power busbar trunking

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