Auto Industrial Abbrv

8/12/2019 Auto Industrial Abbrv

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AbbreviationsA A ano de; angstrom ; area of pipe ;area; acceleration (in general);ampere.a am pere and area.A /D analog/d ig i ta l .A/M au to /m anu al switch .AA arithmetical average; Alum inum Association.ABI application bina ry interface.

ABS acrylonitrile but adie ne styrene.AC(or ac) alternatin g current.Ac actinium.AC E Advan ced Co mp uting Environmen t initiative. Also known as asynchronous commun ications elements.ACF actu al cubic feet.AC K acknowledge.ACPDP alternating current plasma displaypanel.AC R autom atic cartridge recorder. Alsokno wn as attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio (ofsignal cable).ACSE association control service eleme nt.ACT acoustic charge trans port.ACTFEL alternating -current thin-film electroluminescent. Seeelectroluminescentdisplays.ACU autom atic calling unit.A D C analog-to-digital converter.ADCCP Advanced Data Comm unicationsControl Procedure.ADLC adva nced data link control.A D O Am pex Digital Optical.

AD P amm onium dihydrogen phosphate .ADPCM ada ptive differential puls e codemodulation.A D S address data strobe.ADSL asym me tric digital subscriber line.AE application entity. Also kno wn as architectural engineer; application enabler.A E Architecture and Engine ering.AEB Aus tralian Elecrrotechnical Board.AECMA Association Europenne desConstructeurs de Matriel Arospatial (alsoknown as the European Association of Aerospace Industries).AENOR Asociacin Espaola de Norm alizatin y Certification.AFAN advanc ed factory autom ation network.AF C autom atic frequency control.AFIPS Am erican Fede ration of InformationProce ssing S ocieties (Inc.).

AFM abrasive flow machinery; aud io frequency modulated.AFMDC Air Force Ma chinability Data Center.AFNOR Association Franaise de No rma lisation.Ag silver.AG A Advanc ed Graphics Architecture. Alsoknow n as Am erican Gas Association.AGC autom atic gain control.AGP accelerated graphic s port.AGVS Auto ma ted Gu ided Vehicle System.AHP Analytical Hierarc hy Process.AI Seeartificialintelligence.AI/O analog inp ut /o utpu t .AIA Application integration architecture.AIChE Am erican Institute of Chem ical Engineers.AIFF Au dio Interchange File Form at.AIM avalanche-induced migration.AIT Seeautogenousignitiontemperature(formerly referred to as autoignition temp erature ). [ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-1999]A1 aluminum.A1 2O3 alum inum oxide (alumina).ALARP as low as reasonably practical.ALE application link enabling.ALGOL algorithmic-oriented lang uag e.ALU arithme tic logic unit.AM ampli tude modulat ion .Am americium.AM/FM automated mapping/faci l i tymanagement .AM/PSK ampli tude m odula t ion/ph ase shiftkeying.AMLCD Seeactivematrixliquid crystaldisplays.AMR autom ated meter reading.ANDF Architec ture-Neutral Distribute d Format.A N N artificial neu ral netw ork.ANSI Am erican National Standard s Institute.ANSP Advan ced Netw orking Security Protocol.AOE application operating environme nt.AOI an d/ or inver t.AOX adsorbab le organic halide s.AP app licat ion proce ss. [ISA-TR50.02, Par t 9-2000]Also application platform.APC adva nce d process control.APD avalanche photod iode. Seeavalanche.APHA Am erican Public He alth Association.


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API / BOBAP I application prog ram m ing interface. Alsokno wn as Am erican Petroleum Institute.APL A Programming Language.APM Advanced Power Management.APP Applica tion Portability Profile.APPC advanced peer-to-peer comm unications.AFT automatically program me d tools.Ar argon.ARP Ad dress Resolution Protocol.ARPA Adv ance d Research Projects Agency.ARQ autom atic request for retransm ission.AS Aus tralian Stand ard [ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-1999];air supply.As arsenic.ASA Am erican Stan dard s Association.ASC accredited standard comm ittee.ASCII Am erican Stand ard Co de for Information Interchange.ASE application service eleme nt.ASHRAE Am erican Society of He ating,Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers.ASI actuator sensor interface.ASME Am erican Society of Mechanical Engineers.ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Nota tion One .ASPC algorithm ic statistical process control.ASQC Am erican Society for Qua lity Control.(Now American Society for Quality.)ASR automatic send /rece ive.ASRS, AS/RS autom ated storage andretrieval system.AST aboveg round storage tank.asteri sk (*) sym bol often use d in calculationsto represent multiplication. Also used as ageneral request in some com puter searchtools to m ean all references in some p articular category, such as * file = all files.ASTM Am erican Society for Testing andMaterials.At astatine.at.wt. atomic weight.AT C air-to-close.ATE automatic test equipm ent.ATG autom atic tank gau ge (or gauging ).ATM asynchronous transfer mo de.atm atm osp her e. [ANSI / ISA-12.01.01-1999]ATO air to open .ATPG automatic test program generatorATRAC ada ptive transform acoustic coding.AT S autom atic test system.Au gold.AUI access unit interface; attach me nt unit

interface.AUTRAN autom atic utility translator.AVD aud io /v id eo dr iver.AVI audi o video interleaved.

AVK aud io /v ideo kernel .AVL au dio /vi de o library.AVSS aud io /v i deo subsystem.AWG Am erican Wire Gauge .AW S Am erican W elding Society.B B boron; byte; a symbol of an ANSIthermoco uple type for Platinum 30percent Rhodiumvs.Platinum 6 per-cent Rhodium;Also,Burner, Co mb ustion (in ISA instrum ent function tag).b barn; ba ud rate; bit.B-ISDN broadb and integrated services digital network.Ba bar ium.BASEEFA British A ppr ova ls Service for Electrical Equipm ent in Flammable A tmo spheres . (Subsume d with in EECS in 1987.)BASIC Beginner's All-purp ose SymbolicInstruction Code.BAT bes t availab le technology.bb1 barrel.BBS bulletin board system.BC C block check character.BCD binary-coded decimal.BC H Bose-Chandhuri-Hocquendhem.BCOMP buffer com plete .BCS batch control system .BDAT best dem onstrated available technology-BDC buffered data chann el.BDS Balgarski Da rzha ven Stan dart (Bulgaria).Be beryllium.BEDO burst extended data out.BefNr Bau me fNr (specific grav ity scale).BEI backscattered electron imaging.BER bit error rate.BERT/BLERT bit error rate test /blo ck errorrate test.bE v one billion electron volts (alsoBev,BEv,or BEV).BFSL bes t fit strai ght line.BHN Brinell hard ness .Bi bismuth.BILBO built-in logic block observ er.BIPS billion instructions per second.BIS business information system. Alsoknown as Bureau of Indian Standards (IEC).BIST built-in self-test.Bk berkelium.BMP bi t -map.Also,best management prac

tices.BMS burner manag ement sys tem.BNC Bayonet-Neill-Concelman.BNI Bureau d 'Orientation de la Norma lisation en Informatique (France).BO B break-o ut box.562


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BOD / CDABOD biochemical oxygen dem and .BOM bill of ma terials.BORAM block-oriented ran do m accessmemory.BOSFET bipolar metal oxide semiconductor

field effect transistor.BPCS basic process control system.Bps, B/s bytes per second.bps ,b/s bits per second.BPSK bina ry pha se shift keying.BFT best practicable control technology.Br bromine.BS British Stan dard. [ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-1999]BSC binary synchronou s comm unications. Seebisync.BSI British Stan dard s Institution.BSL best straight line; seeBFSL.BSR busine ss service request.BTEX benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, andxylene.BTF be nd to fit.BTG boiler turbin e generator.BTL bridge-tied load.Btu(orBTU) British therm al unit.BVS Berggewerkschaftliche Versuchsstrecke(Germany). [ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-1999]

C C Celsius; coulo mb ; carbon; coefficient of discharge, dimensionless;thermoco uple type for tungsten 5percent Rhenium versus tungsten 26percent Rhenium.C/J cold junc tion.c/s client/server .C.S. carbon steel.CA constant am plitude.Ca calcium.CAA Clean Air Act.CAAA Clean Air Act Am endm ents.CACSD comp uter-aided control systemdesign.CAD com puter-aided design; com puter-aided drafting.CAD/CAM computer -aided des ign/com puter-aided manufacturing.C A D D com puter-aided drafting and design.CAE com puter-aided engineering.CAI com puter-ass isted instruction.CAID com puter-aided industr ial design.CAL compu ter-assisted learning; Conversational Algebraic Langua ge; CA N Applica tion

Layer.cal calorie.cal/cm 3 calorie per cubic centimeter.cal/in.3 calories pe r cubic inch.CALS com puter-aided acquisition and logistics support.

CAM com puter-aided man ufacturing; contentaddressable mem ory; com mon accessmethod.CAMAC computer -au tomated measurementand control.CAN controller area netw ork.Also,short forcancel.CAPE concurrent ar t- to-product environment.CAPISCE com puter architecture for produ ction information systems in a competitiveenvironment.CAPP compu ter-aided process planning .CAR com puter-aid ed repair.Cas ca sca de. [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000]CASA/SME Com puter and Autom ated Systems A ssociation of the Society of M anufacturing.CASE Com mon Applications Session Element .Also,computer-aided software engineering; conformity assessm ent systemsevaluation.CAT catalog; chemical addition tank; c ompu ter-aided test; computer-assisted training; Current Adjusting Type.CATT controlled avalanc he transit time .CATV Com mun ity Antenn a Television.CB certification bo ard . See also NCB.CBDS connectionless broad band data service.CBEMA Co mp uter and Business Equipm entManufacturers Association.CBL computer-based learning.CBT computer-based training.CBW constan t bandw idth .CCD charge-cou pled device.CCITT Com it C onsultan t Internationale deTlgraphie e t Tlph onie (France).CCL connection control lang uag e.CCR control complexity ratio.CCT CN MA conformance testing. SeeCNMA.CD cut dow n; critical dimension; compactdisk.Also,compa tible digital; constant delay.Cd cadmium.cd candela.C d relative capacity factor (Cd= C v /d 2 ) .CD-E com pact disk-erasable. SeeCD-R.CD-I com pact disk-interactive.CD-R com pact disk-recordable.CD-ROM compact disk read-only mem ory.Also, consum er device, rendered obsolete inmonths .CD-ROM/XA compac t disk read-only me m

ory/extended architecture.CD-RTOS compact disk real-time operatingsystem.CDA Co mp ound Docum ent Architecture.563


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CD DI / CNCCDDI copp er-distribu ted data interface.CD E Com mo n Desktop Environment.CD F com pressed data format.CDMA Co de Division Mu ltiple Access.CDPD cellular digital packe t data . See alsoSCADA.CDR critical desi gn review.CDTV Co mm odo re Dyna mic Total Vision.CE Conformit Europene.Ce cerium.CEA certified enviro nm ental audi tor (UnitedStates);certified category listed by N ationalRegistry of Environm ental Professionals(NREP).CEB,CEBus Co nsum er Electronic Bus.Also,Com it Electrotechnique B eige (Belgium).CEC Can adian Electrical Code. [ANSI/ISA-12.01.01-1999]CEF Comit Electrotechnique Franais(France).CEI Com itato Elettrotecnico Italiano (Italy).CEM(S) continuous emission monitoring(system).CEN Com it Europen de Norma lisation.CEN/CS Comit Europen de Normalisation /Ce ntral Secretariat.CEN/TC Comit Europen de Norm alisation/Technical Committee.CENELEC, CLC Comit E uropen deNormalisation Electrotechnique.CEPEL Ce ntro de Pesqu isas de EnergiaEltrica (Brazil).CERCHAR Cen tre d'E tude s et Recherches desChourbonnage de France (France).CERCLA Com prehensive EnvironmentalResponse, Compensation and Liability Act.CESI Cen tro Elettrotecnico Sperim entale Italiano (Italy).CF CompactFlash.Cf californium.C f liquid press ure recovery factor. SeeFLCFA Com pactFlash Association.CFC chlorofluorocarbon.CFH cubic feet pe r hou r.CFI CAD Framew ork Initiative.cfm cubic foot per mi nute .CG com puter graphics.CG/VDI com puter graph ics/vi r tual deviceinterface.CGA color/g raphic s adapter .CGI Com pressed Gas Institute.CGM(IF) Co m pute r Graph ics Metafile (Interchange F ormat)CGMP current good manu facturing practice.CGRM Co m put er Graph ics ReferenceModel.CGS centimeter-gram-second.char character.

CHI com puter hu m an interface.CI com puter integration.Ci curie.CIAC Com puter Incident Advisory Capability.CID com puter interface device; charge injection device.CIDRClassless Inter-Domain Routing.CIE computer-integrated engineering.CIEE compu ter- integrated extended enterprise.CIM comp uter integrated manu facturing.CIM-AF comp uter- integrated manufacturing application framework.CIME comp uter- integrated man ufacture andengineering.CIMS comp uter- integrated man ufacturingsystem.CIP clean-in-place.CIR comm itted information rate.CISC comp lex instruction set com puter.Cl chlorine.CLB configuration -logic block.clk clock.CLNP connectionless net wo rk protocol.CLNS connectionless net wo rk service.CLS connectionless server.CLUT color looku p table.CLV con stan t linear velocity.Cm curium.cm centimeter.cm/s centime ter per second.cm 2 square centimeter.cm 3 cubic centimeter.cm 3/min cubic centimeter per m inut e.cm 3/s cubic centim eter per second.CMAC Cerebellar M odel Articulation Con trol.CMEX continuous med ia extensions toXWindows.CMIG Can adian MA P Interest Grou p.CMIP Com mo n Ma nagem ent InformationProtocol.CMIS Com mo n Ma nagem ent InformationServices.CML current m ode logic.CMM color matching metho d.CMMS computer main tenance manage mentsystem.CMOS com plementary metal-oxide semiconductor.CM R comm on m ode rejection.CMR(R) com mo n m od e rejection (ratio).CMS cable ma nagem ent system.

CM V comm on mo de voltage.CMYK cyan, ma gen ta, yellow, black.CNC com puter nume rical control.564


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C N E C / D D ACNEC Comit Nacional Espaol de la CEI(Spain).CNMA Com munications Netw ork forManufacturing Applications.CO carbon mo noxid e; com pliance officer.Co cobalt.CO 2 carbon dioxide .COBOL Com mon Business-Oriented Language.COD chemical oxygen dem and.CODAB configuration data block.CODIL Control Diagram Language .COFF Co mm on Object File Form at.COIN COS OSI Information Network.COM Com puter Ou tput Microfilm; Com ponent Object Model.com com m unic ation . [ISA-TR50.02, Par t 9-2000]COM(M)S Custom er-Oriented Manufacturing (Management) System.cond conduc tivity content.CONS connection-oriented netw ork service.COS Co rporation for Op en Systems.COSE Com mon Ope n Software Environment.COTS commercial off the shelf.cP specific heat.CP/M Com ma nd Program for Microcomputers.CPAC Center for Process Analytical Che mistry.CPG consum er packaged goods.CPI chemical process industrie s.cpp characters per pica.CPS characters per second; cycles per second;conversions per second.CP U central processing unit.CR carriage retu rn.Cr chromium.CRC cyclic redund ancy check.CROM Con trol React-Only Mem ory.CRT cathode ray tube.CRTL C-langua ge Run-Time Library.Cs cesium.CSA Can adian Standards Association.CSI curre nt source inverter.Also,ControlSystems Integrator.CSIA Con trol Systems Integrato rs Association.CSIC custom er-specific inte grat ed circuit.CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Acc ess/Collision De tection.CSN (Czech Repub lic) Office for Sta nd ard s,Me asurement, a nd Testing.CSP computer set point; com puter-driven setpoint.CSS client/serve r solutions.CSU channe l service unit.

CSV comm a-separated variable.CT comp uter telephony.CTD cumu lative traum a disorder.CTE coefficient of the rm al exp ansi on.CTI com parative tracking index.CT S clear to send.Also,carpal tunnel syndrom e; cubital tunnel syn drom e.Cu copper.cu in cubic inch.CU I character-based user interface.CUSUM cum ulative sum .CV controlled variable.Cy valu e-siz ing coefficient.CVD chemical vapor deposition.CV T consta nt voltage transformer; currentvalue table.CWA Clean Water Act; current wo rd address.CW P cold working pressure.CW T cold water tem perature.CYS Orga nization for Stan dard s and Controlof Quality (C yprus).

D d diameter. Also kno wn as dec i-for 10-1(= 0.1).D diameter; deriva tive (rate) action.Also know n as a thermoco uple typefor tungsten 3 percent rhenium ve rsus tun gsten 25 percent rhenium .D/A digital-to-analog.D/DBP disinfectants and disinfection byproduc ts rule.DA A Data Access Arrangem ent.DAC digital-to-analog converter.DAIS Datab ase Access Integration Services.DAL data access langu age.D A Q data acquisition.D A S data acquisition system .D A S D direct access storage device.DAT duration adjusting type.Also,digitalaudio tape.dB decibel.DBMS database ma nagem ent system.D C(or dc) direct current; device control; datacommunication.DCC digital com pact cassette. Also kno wn asdu ty cycle control.D C D data carrier detect(ed).DCE data comm unications equipm ent.DCOM Distr ibuted Com ponen t ObjectModel.DCPDP direct current plasm a display panel.DCS distribu ted control system .DCT discrete cosine transform.DCTV digital com posite television.DC X Intel file format for sav ing m ulti plePCX graphics in electronic m emory.D D device description.D D A digitally directed analog.565


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DD AC / DTED D A C digitally directed analog control.D D A S diagnostic data acquisition system.D D C direct digital control.D D C M P Digital Data Com munications Message Protocol.D D C S distribu ted digital control system s.D D D direct distance dialing.DDE Dynamic Data Exchange.DDES Digital Data Exc hange Specifications.DDL data description langu age [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000]; dat a d efinition language.D D M C Distribute d Discrete M anufacturingControl.D D P distr ibuted data processing.D DR digital data repeating. Also know n asdigital disk recorders.D D S Da taph one Digital Service.DE digitally enha nced .DEC net Digital Equipm ent Corporation Network.DEDMKO Danm arks Elektr iske MaterialKontrol (Denmark).deg(or ) deg ree.DE K Dansk Elektroteknisk Kom ite (Denmark).DEMKO Da nm ark Elektriske Ma teriellkon-troll (Denmark).DES Data Encryption Standard.Also,distribution execution system.DFA digital fault analysis; design for assembly.DFM design for ma nufactu ring.Dfs distribute d file system; design for service.DFT des ign for test; diagnostic function test.DGIS Direct Graph ics Interchange Stand ard.DHCP Dynam ic Host Configuration Protocol.DHW data highway.DI dielectric isolation.DI/O, DIO discrete inp ut /o utp ut .DI/OU data inp ut /o utp ut uni t.dia. or diam diameter.DIAT Direction Im pulse Adjusting Type.DIB device-independent bitm ap.Also,directory information base.DIF Data Interchang e Form at.DIMM dual inline mem ory mo dule.D IN Deutsches Industr ie Norm s; DeutschesInstitut fr Normung e.V. (Germany).DIP dust-ignition-proof; dual in-line package.dir direct acting .DIS draft internationa l stand ard; DCE Inde

pen dent Sublayer.DISOSS distribu ted office sup por t system.DL data link; dra w ing list.

DLC dat a link control.Also, distributed linecarrier.DL E dat a link entity.DLL data link layer; dyn am ic link library.DLT digita l linear technology .DM A direct me m ory access.D M A C direct me mo ry access control.DMACS Distr ibuted Manufacturing Auto mation a nd C ontrol System.DM C Distr ibuted Mea surement and Controlsystem.DME Distr ibuted Ma nagem ent Environment.DML data ma nipulation language .DM M digital mu ltimeter.D M O S double-diffused metal-oxidesemiconductor.DM S dynamic ma pping sys tem.DM T (BvS) Deutsche Mo ntan TechnologicDM T dead m an timer.DMUX demultiplexer.D N A Digital Ne two rk Architecture; DigitalEquipment Corporation 's layered data communication protocol.D N C distr ibuted num eric control;also,directnumerical control.D N P Distr ibuted Netw ork Protocol.D N S domain nam e system.D N V Det Nors ke Veritas (Norw ay).D O dissolved oxygen.DOE De partm ent of Energy (United States).D O S disk operating system.dp differential pre ssu re.DPDT double pole double throw.dpi dots per inch.DPM digital pan el meter.DPMI DO S-protected m od e interface.DPS distribu ted processor system .DPSK differential phase -shift key ing.DPST doub le pole single throw.DPU distribu ted processing unit; differentialpressure unit.DQDB Distr ibuted Qu eue Dual Bus.DRAM dynam ic rand om access me mo ry[pronounceddee-ram].D S da ta structu re [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000];Dansk Standardiseringsrd (Denmark).D SA Directory Service Agen t.DSL digital subscriber line.DSM demand-s ide managem ent .DSO digital storage oscilloscope.DSP digital signal processor (or processing).DSR data set ready.D SS decision sup port system.DSSS Direct sequenc e sprea d spectru m.D SU digital service unit.D S V D digital simultaneo us voice and data.DT E data terminal equipm ent.

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DTL / EuDTL diode-tran sistor logic.DTMF dial tone mu ltiple frequency.DTP distribu ted transaction processing;desk-top publishing.DTR data term inal ready.DTV desktop video.D U A Directory User Agen t.D UT device un de r test.D V Dy nam ic list of Variable list.[ISA-TR50.02, Part 9-2000]DVCAM digital videocassette came ra videoformat.D V D digital vide o disk (or digital versatiledisk).DVD-ROM digital vide o (versatile) diskread-only mem ory.DVI digital video interactive.DVM digital voltmeter.DVR dyn am ic voltage restorer.DXF Do cum ent Exchange Form at file.Dy dysprosium.E E mo dulus ofelasticity.Also know nas symbol of ANSI thermocoupletype for chromel versus constantan.EABI Em bedded ApplicationBinary Interface.EAPROM electrically alterable prog ram m able read-only memory.EAROM electrically alterable read-onlymemory.EBCDIC Extended Binary Cod ed DecimalInterchange Code.EC European Com munity.ECC error checking and correction. Alsoerror correcting code.ECL emitter coup led logic.ECM electrochemical ma chining ; electrochemical milling.ECMA Europea n Co mp uter ManufacturersAssociation.ECSA Exchange Carriers Stan dard Association.ED C error detection and correction.ED G electronic dot generation .ED I electronic data interchang e.EDIF Electronic Design Interchang e Form at.EDIFACT Electronic Data Interchang e forAdministration Commerce and Transport.ED M electrical discharge ma chining.EDO extended data out.ED P electronic data processing.EEC European Economic Com munity.EECS Electrical Equ ipm ent Certification Service.EEMS Enhanced Expan ded Mem ory Specif ication.

EEPLD electronically erasable program ma blelogic device.EEPROM electrically erasable prog ram m ableread-only memory.EES ente rprise execution system .EFL em itter follower logic.EFT electrical fast tran sien t.EFTA Euro pea n Free Trade Association.EFTS electronic funds transfer system .EGA Enhanced Graphics Ada pter (or Array).EIA Electronics Indu stry Association.EIS extended instruction set; enterp rise information system.ELD electroluminescen t display.ELF extrem ely low frequency.ELOT Hellenic Orga nization for Stand ardiza tion (Greece).ELSI extra large-scale integration.EMC electromagnetic compatibility.EM D equilibrium m ode distr ibution.em f electro mo tive force.EMI(oremi) electromagnetic interference.EMMUA Engineering Equipm ent and Materials Users A ssociation.EMP electromagnetic puls e.EMR Energy Mines and Resources (Canada).EMUG European MAP Users Group.EN European No rm (standard).ENDEC encoder /decoder .eng engineers.EOF en d of file.EOT end of tape ; end of transmission .EP explosionproof;emergency power.EPA Enha nced Performance Architecture;Environmental Protection Agency (UnitedStates).EPLD erasable program mab le logic device.EPP enhanced parallel port.EPRI Electric Pow er Research Institute.EPROM erasable program ma ble read-onlymemory.EPS Enca psulated PostScript.Er erbium.ERA ERA Technology Ltd. (Britian).EROM erasable read-only mem ory.err error.Es einsteinium.ESCA Electron Spectroscopy for Chem icalAnalysis.ESD electrostatic discharge.ESR equiva lent series resistance.ESS electronic switchin g system .es t estimated.ETSI Europea n Telecommunications Stan

dards Institute.ETX en d of text.Eu europium.567


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EU / G eEU eng inee ring unit [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000];European Union.EUI end -user interface.eV electron volt.EWI enterprise -wide integration.EWICS European Workshop on Industr ialComputer Systems.EWMA exponentially weighted movingaverage.ExCA Exchangeable Card Architecture.Extnd Stand s for extend ed data transfer.

F F farad; Fahrenheit.FA factory autom ation.FAIS Factory Au tom ation Inter-connection System[pronouncedfice].FAQ frequently asked questions.FB func tion block. [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000]FC fail close d.FCC Federal Com munications Comm ission;frame code complement.FCFS first com e, first serv ed.FC S Frame Check Sequence.FDA Food and Drug Adm inistration (UnitedStates).FD C final contro l device .FDDI fiber dist ribu ted da ta interface.FDDI-II varian t of FDDI that sup port s iso-synchronous traffic.FD I failure detection and identification routines.FD M frequency division multiplexer (or m ultiplexing).FDX full dup lex .FEA finite element analysis.FED field em ission display.FEP front en d processor.FET field-effect transistor.FF Field bus Fo und atio n [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000];form feed.

FFT fast Fou rier transform .FI fail indete rmin ate.FIC Fieldbus Implem entation Consortium.FICIM Fieldbus Integration into com puterintegrated manufacturing.FIFO first in, first ou t.FInt Fieldbus International.FIP Factory Instrum entatio n Protocol.FIPS Federal Information Processing Systems.FIR finite im pul se resp ons e filter; in digitalsignal processing DSP),filter that has outpu t determ ined by its coefficients and p revious inputs and is characterized by ha vinglinear phas e response; see IIR.FIS Financial Information System.FL fail lock ed.FLC fuzzy logic controller.

FM Factory M utua l Research Co rporation ;frequency modulation.FMEA failure m od e an d effects analy sis.FM S flexible ma nufactu ring system .Also,Fieldbus Message Specification [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000]; Field bus M essag ingService.FNFT female nation al pip e threa d.FO fail ope n.FOF first ou t fault.FOIRL Fiber-Optic Inter Repe ater Link.FO V field of view .FP-EPSM Func tional Profiles for ElectricPower Systems M essaging.FPD flat-panel display.FPGA field-programm able gate array.FPLA field-programm able logic array.FPM feet per m inute .FPROM field-programm able read-onlymemory.FPS feet per second; frames per second.FPU floating poin t unit.FQ flow quan tity. [AN SI/IS A S5.1-1984(R1992)]FRAD frame relay access devic e.FRAM ferroelectric ran do m access mem ory.FRP fiber-reinforced plastic .FSA Fau lt State fail-safe Active. [ISA-TR50.02, Part 9-2000]FSK frequency-shift key ing.FT-IR Fourier transform infrared-based analyzer.FTAM File Transfer Access and M ana gem entFTP file transfer protoc ol.FTSA fault-tolerant system architecture.FWA first wo rd addre ss.

G G thermocoup le type for tungstenversus tungsten 26 percent rh enium .Also kno wn as acceleration due togravity; specific gravityg gram.Ga gallium.gal gallon.GAW Gu ided Acoustical Wave type of touchscreen, which channels acoustical energyinto the full volum e of screen material; com pare with SAW.Gb gigabit.GB gigabyte.GC gas chromatography.GCI guest com puter interface.

GCR gray com ponent replacement.Gd gadolinium.G D D M graphical data display man ager.G D S graphic data system.G DT gas discharge tube.Ge germanium.568


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GE M S / IEEEGEMS Global Enterprise wid e Manag ementSystem.GFCI gro und fault circuit interrupter.GFLOPS giga floating-point ope ratio ns pe rsecond.GIF Graphics Interchange Format[pronouncedjiff].GIGO garbage in, garbage out.GIS Grap hic Information System.GIW gain in we ight.GKS Graph ical Kernel System.GLP good laboratory practice.GMAW gas-m etal arc welding.GM C general mo tion controller.GM M graphical multim eter.GMP good ma nufacturin g practice.GMR giant ma gnetoresistive.gnd ground.GOSIP Governm ent Open SystemsInterconnection Profile.GPD gas plasma displays.gph gallons per hour.GPIB General Purp ose Interface Bus.gpm gallons per min ute.GPSS Gene ral-Purpose Simulation System.GRAFCET Graphe de Com mande Etape-Transition.GRIN gra de d inde x fiber.GS gas supply.GSM Global System for Mobile com mun ications.GUI graphica l user interface[pronouncedgooey].GX in equipm ent-corrosion specifications,equal to or greater than 300 / m on th coppercorrosion (of electrical terminals) as o ne me asure ofsevereenvironmental contamination.[ISA sta nd ard S71.04]Gy gray.

HH henry ; hyd rogen ; valve-travel ininches; fluid hea d.h hou r (also abbreviatedhr);valve-travel function; fluid head feet.HALT Hi gh ly Acc elerated Life Test.HAP haza rdous air pollutant(s) .HAZOP Haz ard and Operability studies.HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon..HCS hyb rid control system.H D C D high-definition com patible digital.HDCD-ROM high-density compact diskread-only m emory.

HDDR high-de nsity digital recordingHDLC High-level Data Link Control.HDTV high-de finition television.HDX half dupl ex.H F laten t he at of fusion.Hf hafnium.

HFC Hart Com munication Foundation.Hg mercury.HGED high-gain emissive display.HIS hum an resources information system.H/L high/ low.HLCD high-level com putin g device.HLHI high-level hu m an interference.HLOI high-level opera tor interface.H M D head-m ounted display.Ho holmium.HOOPS Hierarchical Object-Oriented PictureSystem.HP high pressure.hp horsepower.HP-IB Hew lett-Packard Interface Bus.HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography.HR F Ha zard Redu ction Factor.HS ha nd station; hydra ulic supply.HSLN high-spee d local netw ork.HSM Hierarchal Storage Mana gement.HSV hue-sa turation-v alue (or brilliance orluminance).HSWA Haz ardous and Solid Waste Am endments.HTML hypertext m arku p language.HTTP hypertext transport protocol.HV latent hea t of vaporiza tion.HVAC heatin g, ventilation, and air conditioning.HVLC high volum e, low concentration.Hz hertz.

I I curren t or m om ent of inertia;iodine; integral (reset) action.IA instrum ent air [ANSI/ISA-7.0.01-1996]; initialization ack now led ge . [ISA-TR50.02, Pa rt 9-2000]IACS International Annealed Cop per Standard.IAE integral absolute error.IAR instruction add ress register.IB N Institut Beige de No rmalis ation (Belgium).IC integrate d circuit.I C instrumentation and control.ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol.ID A unique IDentifier for batche s, lots, operators , technicians, and raw materials.[ANSI/ISA-88.01-1995]I.D. inside diameter.IDLHimm ediately dangerou s to life a nd

health.IDU interface data uni t (defined in ISO 7498).IEE Institu tion of Electrical Eng ineers(England).IEEE Institu te of Electrical an d ElectronicsEngineers.569


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I / LCIEIEC Internationa l Electrotechnical Com mission.IES integral error squa red.IF interm edia te frequency.IFAC Internationa l Federation of Auto ma tic

Control.IFD intellige nt field devic e.IFF if an d on ly if.IFIP International Federation for InformationProcessing.IGES Initial Gr aph ic Exch ange Specification.IMan initializ ation m an ua l. [ISA-TR50.02,Part 9-2000]IM C Institute of Me asureme nt and Control;Internal Model-based Control.In indium.INERIS Institut Natio nal de L'Environnem entIndus trial et d es R isques. The French certification and testing laboratory for testing theequipment of different vendors against somecommon s tandard .INIEX Institut National des Industr iesExtractives (Belgium).I/O inpu t /ou tpu t .IP Internet protocol.I/P current to pressure transducer; curr ent /pneumatic ; cur ren t /pressure .IPDS Intelligent Printer Data Stream.IPQ Instituto Portugus da Qua lidade (Portugal).IPTS Internation al Practical Tem peratureScale.ir infrared.Ir iridium.IRIG Inter-Range Instrumentation Grou p.IRS information retrieval services;also,Institut Rom n de Standardizare (Rom ania).IS intrinsically safe; inside; internationa lstandard.I.S. intrinsic safety.IS A ISA--The Instrum entation , Systems, andAutomation Society (formerly, InstrumentSociety of America).ISDN integrated systems digital network.ISO Internation al Orga nization for Stand ardization.ISORM ISO Reference Mo del.IT information technology.ITAE integral time absolute error.ITB interm ediate block character.ITC Internationa l Trade Com mission.ITI Industria l Technology Institute.ITU-TSS International Telegraphic U ni on -Telecommunications Standards Sector.

ITV interactive television.IU T instrum ent und er test.IV D integra ted voice data LAN .

J J joule; sym bol of ANS I therm ocou-ple type for iron versus constantan.JCL job control lang uag e.JEIDA Japan Electronic Ind ustryDevelopment Association.JFET, JUGFET junc tion field effect transis tor.JIS Japanese Industr ial Standard s.JIT just-in-time manufacturing.JOVIAL Jules's O w n Version of Internatio nalAlgebraic Language.JPEG Joint Photo graphic Experts Gr oup .JSA Japanese Standards Association (memberof IEC).JTM Job Transfer and M anipu lation.

KK kelvin; ratio of specific he ats;kilobyte (1,024 cha racte rs).K a air spring rate (lb /in ).KB Be rnou lli coefficient.KB keybo ard; kilobyte.Kbps kilobits per second.KByte l,024(210) bytes.kc kilocycles.Kc cavitation index.kcal kilocalorie.KEMA KEMA Registered Quality Ned erlandB.V.kg kilogram.K h fluid force coefficient.kHz kilohertz.kl kiloliter.km kilometer.kPa kilopascal.Kr krypton.ksi 1,000 po un ds per squa re inch.KSR Keyboard Send/R eceive.kV kilovolt.kVA kilovolt-am pere (1,000 volt am ps) .KVVD Kelvin-Varney voltage divider.kW kilowatt.

kW h kilowa tt ho ur (1,000 wa tt-hou rs).L L liter; length.La lan thanum.LAN local area netw ork.LA P Line Access Proce dure.LAPB Link Access Proce dure, Balanced.LAPI Layered Application Program min gInterface.LASCR Light-Activated Silicon ControlledRectifier.lb pound.LbE Loopback Enable signal (to MA U).LCCA life cycle cost ana lysis.LCD liquid crystal display.LCH luminance, chroma, hue .LCIE Laboratoire Cen tral Des Indus triesElectriques (France).57


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LCP / M eVLCP liquid crystal polym er.LCU local control uni t.LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.LDAR leak detec tion an d repair.LDM limited distance mo dem .LDR Land Disposa l Restrictions.LEC local excha nge carrier. The carrierresponsible for extending telephone serviceto the final user.LED light emitting diode .LEL lower explosive limit (lower flamm ablelimit).LF line feed.LFL lowe r flammable limit (lower explosivelimit).Li lithium.LIC linear integ rated circuit.LIFO last in, first out .LILO last in, last ou t.LIMS laser ionization m ass spectrom eter.lin linear.LISP list processin g lang uag e.LIT logic integrity test.LIW loss in we ight.LK A factor used in sound-pre diction formulae.LLC Link Layer Co ntrol. Also called LogicalLink Control and Link Level Control.LLEI low-level engi nee ring interface.LLHI low-level hu m an interface.LLOI low-level opera tor interface.LLSAP Link Layer Service Access Point.lm lumen.L/min liter per min ute.LO C lines of cod e.LOSC Lond onderry Occupational SafetyCentre (United Kingdom).LOX liquid oxygen.Lp soun d pres sure level, dBA (decibels).LP linear progra mm ing.LPM lines per min ute.L po Soun d pressure level at a poin t four feetdownstream of a valve and three feet fromthe surface of the pipe.LPOF low -pass ou tpu t filter.Lr lawrencium.LRC longitudinal redun dan cy check.LRDCT linear rotary differential capacitivetransducer.LRU line replaceable unit.LSAP Link Service Access Point. SeeServiceAccess Point SAP).LSB least significant bit.LSC least significant charac ter.LSD least significant dig it.LSI large-scale integra tion.LSP local set poi nt.

LS-TTL-compatible low-po wer Schottky-transistor/transistor logic.Lu lutetiumLU logical unit.LVDT linear variable differential transform er;linear velocity differential transformer.LVHC low volum e, high concentration.LVIT linear variable inductance transducer.LVRT linear variab le reluctan ce transdu cer.Lx lux.Lx A factor in soun d-pre dic tion formulae .LZH Lempel-Ziv-Huffman.LZSS Lem pel-Ziv-Huffma n A refinement ofthe L-Z. An algorithm for data compressionthat c an recon struct d ata so it is exactly likeits original form with no loss.LZW Lem pel-Ziv and Welch.

M 10-6. micro.C microcontroller.P microprocessor.M mega.m me ter; area ratiom A millia mp eres (electrical)M AC Media Access Control.mach machine.MACT M axim um Achievable ControlTechnology.m an manual .M A N Me tropolitan Area Netw ork.M AP Ma nufacturing Autom ation Protocol.MASER microw ave amplif ication by thestimulated emission of radiation.MATE mod ular au tomatic tes t equipment .M A U multistation access unit; media attachment unit.max max imum.M b megabit.M BM magn etic bubble mem ory.MBPC mod el-based predictive control.MByte megabyte .MCAA Measurement and Contro l Automation Association.MCC m otor control center.MCI me dia control interface.MCL ma ximum contaminant level.MCR max imum continuous ra t ing .M CS ma trix control strategies.Md mendelevium.M D A ma nufa cturin g defects analyzer.MEIC m ost easily ignited conce ntration.MEMS microelectro mechanical systems.MES M anufacturing Execution System.MESFET metalized semico nductor f ieldeffect transistor.MESG m axim um experimental safe gap.M eV mega-electron-volts.

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MFD / NICM FD m od e field diame ter.MFLOPS million floating po int opera tionsper second ( megaflops ).MFP multifunction printer.M g magnesium.M gO ma gnesium oxide.M Hz megahertz.MIC min im um ignition current.MICR ma gnetic ink character recognition.MIDI Musical Instru me nt Digital Interface.MIE min imu m ignition energy.MIL-STD military stan dard (U.S.).MIMD multiple instruction multiple datastream (pronounced mim dee ) .MIMO multiple-input-multiple-output.min minute; minimum .m ips million instructions per second.MIS ma nagem ent information system.MISO multiple input single output.MKS meter-kilogram-second.mL milliliter.m m millimeter (length).M M A maxim um-m inimum algor i thm.M M C D MultiMedia Com pact Disk.MMFS Manufacturing Messaging FormatStandard.M M S Minerals M anag em ent Service (U.S.Department of the Interior).M n manganese.M N O S me tal-nitr ide-ox ide semiconductor .M o molybdenum.MOCS mu ltiple-output control system.m olwt molecular weight.M O S metal-oxide-semiconductor.MOSFET me tal oxide sem iconductor field-effect transistor.M oS 2 mo lybde num sulf ide.MOTIS me ssage-oriented text interchang esystem (ISO 10021).M OV me tal oxide varistor; mo tor-opera tedvalve.MPC mu ltivariable predictive control.MPEG Motion Picture Experts Grou p.MPP ma ssively parallel processing.MPR maxim um powe r ra t ing .MPU microprocessor unit.ms millisecond.MR magnetoresistive.MRAC Mo del Reference Ad aptiv e Control.MRP (MRP II) Material Requirements Planning (M anufacturing Resource Plannin g II).M S ma nual station.M SB m ost significant bit.M SD m ost significant digit.MS-DOS Microsoft disk opera ting system.MSHA Mine Safety and Health Administration (U.S.).M SI medium -scale integration.

M SS Ma nufacturers Stan dardiza tion Society(Valves an d Fittings Indu stry Inc.).MS/TP master-slave/token-passing.MTBF me an time betw een failures (since1962); m ea n t im e before failure (until 1962).MTTF mean-time-to-failure.MTTR m ean time to repair.M U M S Multiuser Ma nagem ent Systems.MUX multiplexer.m V millivolt.M V mea sured variable; ma nipulated variable.MWP maxim um working pressure .

N n pow er law index.N newton ; nitrogen; the therm ocouple ty pe for omegalloy (nicrosil-nisil).N 2 nitrogen (molecule).Na sodium.N A numerical aperture.NACCB Na tional Accreditation Counc il forCertification Bodies.NACE Natio nal Association of CorrosionEngineers.NAK negative acknow ledgmen t.NAMUR Norm enarbeitsgem einschaft frMe - und Regelungstechnik in der Chemis-chen Industr ie.N S National Aerospace Standa rds;National Acad emy of Science.N S National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration.N b columbium niobium) .N S National Bureau of Stand ards nowNIST).NC norm ally closed; num eric control; network computer .NC P network-cap able applications processor.NEC Na tiona l Electrical Co de.neg negative.NEM National Electrical ManufacturersAssociation.NEMCO No rges Elektriske M ateriellkontrolNorway).NEPSI National Supervision and InspectionCen ter for Explosion Protection an d Safety ofInstrumentation.NFP National Fire Protection Association.Net EUI NetBIOS Enh anced User Interface.Net IOS Netw ork Basic Inp ut / O utp ut Sys

tem.NetPC ne twork PC.NFP National Fire Protection Association.NFS netw ork file server.Ni nickel.NIC netw ork interface card.57


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NICET/PhICINICET Na tion al Insti tute for Certification inEngine ering T echnologies.NIOSH Na tional Institute for Occ upationalSafety and Health.N IS not intrinsica lly safe.NIST Na tional Institute of Science an dTechnology.N M O S N-channel metal-oxide semiconductor.NMRR norm al-m ode rejection ratio.N N I Ne derlan ds Norm alisatie-instituut(Netherlands) .N N S non -nuc lear safety.N O norma lly open.N O M natura l organic materials.NOVRAM nonvolatile rand om access mem ory.NPDES Na tional Polluta nt Discharge Elimination System.NPS nation al pip e straight (thread); nom inalpipe size (diameter).NPSH net positive suction hea d.NPT national pipe taper thread.NRC Nuclear Regulatory Com mission;National Research Council.NRZ non-retu rn-to-zero code.NSE nth sequential algorithm.NSR nuclea r safety related.N T ne w technology.NTC Neg ative Tem perature Coefficient.NTP norm al temp erature and pressure.NURBS nonu niform rational b-splines.

O O oxygen.OA ope n access.OBE operating basis earthquake.O CD ope n circuit detection.OCR optical character recognition.OCX OLE custom controls (extension).O D outsid e diameter.OEM original equipm ent manufacturer.OFHC oxygen-free high-con ductivity copper.OI opera tor interface.OLE object linking and em bed ding .OOP object-oriented prog ram m ing.OS opera tor station; opera ting system.OS Y outside screw and yoke.OSF Op en Software Fou ndation .OSHA Occ upationa l Safety an d Hea lthAdministration.OSI Op en System Interconnection.O TD Op en Therm ocouple Detection.OTM overtempe red martensite.oz ounce.P P phos phorou s; poisep pressu re, psia.

P ID piping and instrumen tation draw ing.Pa pascal.PA pla nt air.PABX private automatic branch exchange.PAD packe t access device.PAL programmable array logic.PAM pulse ampli tude modulated .PAM/FM/FM The frequency mo dula tion of acarr ier by Pulse Am plitude M odulated information.PAT position adjusting type .PAW plasma arc welding.Pb lead.PB proportional band .PBW propor t ional bandw idth .PBX private branch exchange.P c therm ody nam ic critical press ure, psia.PC personal comp uter; program ma ble controller.PC/AT Personal Com puter /A dvan cedTechnology.PCB printe d circuit boa rd; Polych lorinatedbiphenyl.PCI protocol control information.PCIU process control interface unit.PCM pulse code mod ulation.PCMCIA Personal Com puter Me mory CardInternational Association.PC/RT Personal Com puter/R ISC Technol

ogy-PCS plastic-clad silica.PC/XT Personal Com puter /Ex tendedArchitecture.PD pitch diameter; proportional derivative.PD 2 plastically deforme d debris .PDA person al digital assistant.PD D program ma ble data distributor .PDES Prod uct Definition Exchange Standard.PD F Portable Docum ent Format.PDIF Prod uct Definition Interchan ge Form at.Formerly, Product Data Interchange Format.PDM pulse duration mod ulation, predictivemaintenance.PDP plasma discharge panel.PDU protocol data unit.PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique.PES program mab le electronic system.PFD process flow diag ram ; probability offailure on demand.PFU program ma ble function unit.PG A Professional Graph ics Ad apt er (Array);pin grid array.Ph physical.PhE phys ical layer entity.PhICI phy sical layer interface contro l information.573


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PhID / RNRZPhID physical layer interface data .PhIDU physical layer interface data unit.PhL physical layer.PhPCI phy sica l layer protoc ol control information.PhPDU physical layer protocol data unit.PhS physical layer service.PhSAP physical layer service access point.PhSDU physical layer service data unit.PI proportional-integral.P/I pressure-to-c urrent converter.PIA Periphe ral Interface Ada ptor.PID proportional-integral-derivative.PIO p rog rammed inpu t /ou tpu t .PIP Peripheral Interchange Program.pk - pk peak to peak.pk peak.PKNMiJ Polski Kom itet Normalizacji(Poland).PL/1 See PL /I .PL/I Program ming Language 1.PLA prog ram ma ble logic array.PLC prog ram ma ble logic controller.PL D program ma ble logic device.PLL phase-locked loop.PM , P/M pow der metallurgy.PMOS P-channel metal-oxide semiconductor.PM T photom ultiplier tube.POL problem-oriented language.pos positive.POS po int of sale.POSIX Portable Ope rating System Interfacefor UNIX.ppb part s per billion.PPD pou r point depressant.PPI program me d peripheral interface.ppm pa rts per million (1/106).PPP point-to-point protocol.PROM program mab le read only memory.PRP potentially responsible party.PRT platinu m resistance thermometer .PRV pressure-regulating valve; pressure-reducing valve.PSD pow er spectral density.psi pou nds per square inch.psia po und s per square inch, absolute.psig pou nds per square inch, gauge.PSK pha se shift keying.PSM Process Safety and Manage me nt.PSS packet switching system.pt part.PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bund esanstalt(Germany).PTC Positive Te mp eratu re Coefficient.PTFE poly tetrafl uoro ethy lene (Teflon).PTO PROFIBUS Trade Organ ization.PTR pap er tape reader.

PV process variable.PV C polyviny l chloride.PVDF polyv inyliden e fluoride (Kynar).M aterial tha t is use d in place of stainless steelto reduce leaching contamination in someconditions.PW M pulse wid th modu lation; pulse wid thmodulated type.PWR pressu rized wa ter reactor.

Q q volum etric flow rate.Q The ratio of reactanc e to resistance in a reactive com pone nt or res-ona nt circuit.QA quality assurance.Q A D quar ter ampli tude damping .QBC que ue control block.QC quality control.QCB que ue control block.R R Rankine; gas conten t (consistentwith units).radius.RA,B or C Rockwell hardness (A, orC scales).rad radian.radar radar detection and ranging.RAID redu nda nt array of indep ende nt disks.RA M rand om access memory.RBE report by exception.RB S Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.RCPB reactor coolant pressu re boun dary.RCRA Resource Con servation and RecoveryAct.RCTL resistor-ca pacito r-transistor logic.RDA remo te datab ase access.RDBMS relational database man agem entsystem.Re Reynolds number.ref reference.REM Roentgen equivalent ma n.REP Roentgen equiva lent physical.REV reverse acting.RF rad io frequency.RFC request for com me nts.RFI radi o frequency interference.RFP request for propo sal.RFQ request for quote .RG A relative gain array.RH right-hand thread; relative hum idity.RIIS Research Insti tute of Ind ust rial Safety ofthe Ministry of Labor (Japan).RIP real-time interru pt process.RISC reduced instruction set com puter or

computing).RJC reference junction com pensatio n.rm s root me an square.RNRZ random ized non-return-to-zero.574


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RO / SPRO read only, reverse osmo sis.RO I return on investment.ROM read-only mem ory.RPC rem ote proc edu re calls.RPG report program generator.rpm revolutions per minu te.RPN reverse Polish notation .rps revolution s per second.RP U remo te processing unit.RS recommended s tandards .RT D resistance tem pera ture detector.RTF rich text format.RTL real-time lang uage ; resistor-transistorlogic.RTOS real-time opera ting system .RTS request to send.RTU remote termination unit.RxA receive activity signa l (from DCE ).RxC receive clock signal (from DCE ).RxS receive signa l (from MA U).

S S siemens.s second.S-COMMISSION Komisija ZaIspitivanjeS Vredaja (Yugoslavia).SA Stan dard s Australia (Australia).SAA System App lication Architecture; Standar ds A ssociation of Australia (IEC).SABS South African Bureau of Stan dards(South Africa).SAE Society of Au tom otive Enginee rs.SAMA Scientific Ap pa rat us Ma kers Association (now Measurem ent and C ontrol Automation Association, MCAA).SA P Service Access Point.SARA Superfund Am endme nts andReauthorization Act.SAR Successive Ap proxim ation Register.SASE Specific Ap plic ation Service Elem ent.SAW surface acoustic wa ve.Sb antimony.SB C single boa rd com puter; single boardcontroller.SBE scan by exception.SC standing comm ittee.SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition.SC C Stan dard s Council of Ca nada (IEC).SCFH stan dard cubic feet per ho ur (flow).SCFM stan dard cubic feet per m inute .SCI Serial Com mu nication s Interface.SCR silicon-controlled rectifier.SC S superv isory control system.S/D synchro-to-digital converter.SDLC Sync hronous Data Link Control.SDU service data unit.sec second.

SECS Semiconductor Equipm entCommunications Standard.SERCOS serial real-time comm unication system.SEV Schweizerischer ElektrotechnischerVerein (Sw itzerland).SFC sequen tial function chart; sho p floorcontrol.sfm surface feet per m inut e.SFM sca nnin g force microscopy .SG specific gravity; steam generator.SG C solid gro und curing.Si silicon.SI Systeme Internation ale d'Unites.SIL safety integ rity level.SIMD single instruction mu ltiple data streampronounced simdee ) .SIMS secon dary ion ma ss spectrometry.SIMTARS Safety in M ines Testing an dResearch Station (A ustralia).SiO 2 silicon diox ide.SIPAI Shangha i Institute of Process Au tom ation Instrumentation (China).SISO single inp ut single ou tpu t.SIT spontaneo us ignition temp erature.SLA stereolithography.SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol.SMAW shielded metal arc welding .SM D surface-mounted device.SM E Society of Ma nufacturin g Engine ers.SMPTE Society of M otion Pictu re and Television Engineers.SMRE Safety in M ines Resea rch Estab lishment (U.K.).SMRT single-message uni t rate timin g.SM T surface m ou nt technology.SMTP Sim ple M ail Transfer Protoco l.Sn tin.S/N signal to noise.SNAP Sub-N etwo rk Access Protocol.SNMP Simple Netw ork Ma nagem ent Protocol.

SNR signal-to-no ise ratio.SO E sequenc e of even ts.SOH star t of hea der.SONET Synchronous Optical Netw ork.SOS silicon-on-sapphire.sp ht specific hea t.SP standard s and practices.SPARC Scalable Processor Architecture(trademark of Sun Microsystems).Also,Scalable Processor Architecture reducedinstruction set Com puter .SP C statistical proce ss contro l.SPDT single pole doub le throw.SPL sou nd pressu re level.SPST single pole single throw.SP set point.

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S Q C / U M SSQ C statistical qua lity control.SQE signal quality error.SQL Structured Query Languag e pronounced see quill ).sr steradian.SRAM static ran do m access mem ory.SRF side relief ang le.SS I small-scale integration.SS T sim ultan eous self-test.SSU Seconds Saybolt Unive rsal.SS steam supp ly; stainless steel.ST C self-tuning controller.STIM Sm art Transducer Interface Mo dule.STL Stand ard Tem plate Library.STP standard temperature and pressure;spannin g tree protocol; standard text programm ing; shielded twisted pairA routingspecification for IEEE802.1.STR self-tuning regulato r.STX start of textSVGA Super Video Graphics Ada pter orArray).SW stud arc welding .SWOP Specifications Web Offset Publica tions.SW R standing wave ratio; switcher; switchregister.SY N synchronous idle.SYSGEN system generation.

T t metric ton (tonne); also tem perature (degrees F).T/C thermocouple.T tesla; tem pera ture (degreesRankin).Ta tantalum.TAGS technical assistance grou ps.TAPPI Technical Association of the Pu lp andPaper Industry (United States).Tb terbium.Tc thermod ynam ic critical temp erature(degrees Rankin).Tc technetium.TC technical com mittee.TCF totally chlorin e free.TCLP Toxicity Ch aracte ristic Leac hing Procedure.TCP Transmission Control Protocol.TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.TDEL thick dielectric electroluminescent.TDM time division multiplex ormulti

plexer).TDMA time division mu ltiplex access.TDR time dom ain reflectometry.TDS total dissolved solids.Te tellurium.TFE telem etry front end; tetraflouroethylene.

TFT thin film technology; thin film transistor.Th thorium.TH D total harm onic distortion; totaldynamic head.TH F time horiz on to failure.THR throu ghp ut algorithm.THT through -hole technology.Ti titanium.TIA Telecomm unications Indus tries Association.TIFF Tagged Image File Form at.TITO twin input twin outpu t.Tl thallium.TLC thin-layer chrom atography .TLV threshold limit value .TLV-STEL threshold limit value-short termexposure limit.TLV-TWA thresho ld limit value-tim eweighted average.Tm thulium.TM R tr iple mo dular redu ndan t.TOC total organic carbon.TO E time of event.to l tolerance.TOP Technical an d Office Protocol.TOX Total Organic Halid e.TPG test pa ttern generator.TP twisted pair.tp i threads per inch.TQC Total Qua lity Con trol.TQM Total Quality Man ageme nt.TR I toxic release invento ry.TRS transverse ruptu re strength.TSCA Toxic Sub stanc e Co ntrol Act.TSS total suspen ded solids.TTL transistor/transisto r logic.TT P telepho ne twiste d pair.TTY teletypewriter.TUR test unce rtainty ratio; turret.TxC Transm it Clock signa l (from DC E).TxD Transmit Data signal (to DCE).TxE Transmit Enable signal (to MA U).TxS Transmit signal (to MA U).U U uran ium ; velocity (ft/sec).UART Universal Asynchron ousReceiver Transmitter.U DP User Da tagra m Protocol.UEL upp er explosive limit (upper f lammablelimit).UFL upp er flammable limit (upp er explosivelimit).UHF ultrah igh frequency.UK United Kingdom .UL Un derw riters' Labo ratories, Inc. (U.S.).ULD unit load devices.UM S Utilities M anag em ent System.

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U N C / Z r 0 2UNC unified coarse thread ; Uniform Na m ingConvention.UNEF unified extra fine thre ad .UNF unified fine thread .UPS uninterruptible pow er supply.UR L Uniform Resource Locator.US Unite d States.USART universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver transmitter.USASCII U.S. Stan dard Co de for Information Exchange.USB Unive rsal Serial Bus.USBM United States Bureau of Mines.USCG United States Coast Gu ard.USNC/IEC United States National Com mittee for Internationa l Electrotechnical C ommission.USOC Univ ersal Service Ord er Co de.USRT unive rsal sync hrono us receiver transmitter.UST und ergrou nd storage tank.UTP unshielded twisted pair.UUT unit und er test.uv,U V ultraviolet.UVROM ultraviolet-erasable read-onlymemory.

Vv volt; specific vo lum e (ft3/lb).V vana dium ; velocity (f t/sec); volum e (in3).vA volt am pere.VAN Value-Added Netw ork.VAT voltage-adjusting type .VAV variable air volu me .VAX virtual add ress extension.VBX Visual Basic exten sion.VC F voltag e-con trolled frequency.VCG voltage-controlled generation .VCO voltag e-con trolled oscillator.VCP video control pan el.

VC R videoca ssette recorder.VDE Verband Deutsche r Electrotechniker(Germany).VDF vac uum fluorescent display.VDI virtual device interface; Verein Deu tscher Ingenieure (Germany).V DT video display terminal.V D U visual display unit; video display unit.VESA Video Electronics Stan dard s Association.V/F (vapo r flow an d feed flow) boi-lup-to-feed ratio.VFD variable frequency drive; vac uum fluorescent display; virtual field device.VGA Video Grap hics Ad apte r (Array).VHDL VHSIC Ha rdw are Description Language.

VHSIC very high spee d integrate d circuit.VISRD virtual interr upt service routinedriver.VLSI very large-scale integration.VM S vir tual mem ory system.VOC volatile organic com poun ds.vol volume.VPN vir tual private network.VR virt ual reality.VRC vertical redu nda ncy parity check.VSI Virtual Socket Interface.VSWR voltage standing wav e ratio.W I variable voltage inpu t.W w ma ss flow rate.W watt; tungsten.w.c. wate r column (hydrostatichead).WAIS Wide Area Information Servers (pronounced wayz ) .W AN wide area network.Wb weber.WC word count.W DM wave length division multiplexing.WFW W indows for Wo rkgroups.WG working group.WIP wo rk in process.wt weight.WWW (or W3) World W ide Web.WYSIWYG wh at you see is wh at you get(pronounced wissywig ) .X x pressure drop ratio.Xe xenon.XGA Extended Graphics Ad apter(Array).XIP execute in place.XML Extensible M arkup Language.XOFF Tra nsm itter off.XON Transmitter on.XOR exclusiveOR;logic gat e.XPL external par ty line.XST external start.x t pressu re drop ratio factor.x tp val ue of x for a valve-fitting assem bly.Y Y yttrium ; expan sion factor.Y2K Year 2000.Z Z com pressibility factor.ZFN zero-order fixed-aperture

non-redundant sample algorithm.ZIF zero inserti on force socket.Zn zinc.ZOH zero order hold.Zr zirconium.

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