AUTISMO-Tratamiento_ Intervening in infancy: implications for autismspectrum disorders

8/2/2019 AUTISMO-Tratamiento_ Intervening in infancy: implications for autismspectrum disorders

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12/21

yb} mbwwfka e{q gv qck Fhnbhq Ckb`qc bha Ak~kèp$

dkhq _weiwbd #FCA_: 266?&, b meh}ewqf{d en kficq

}fqk} qcbq meha{mqka wbhaedf|ka mehqwe` ka qwfb`}

fh~e`~fhi 2??? fhnbhq} yce ykwk ne`èyka {p bq bik

= vkbw}( _bwqfmfpbhq} deqckw} ykwk pwfdbwf`v Bnwfmbh

Bdkwfmbh bha Mb{mb}fbh, bha cba bqqkhaka }edk

cfic }mcee` ew cba kbwhka b cfic }mcee` afpèdb( ]fs

en qck }k~kh dkqceaeèifmb` k`kdkhq} ykwk ak}mwfgka

fh qck pbpkw: qck `bmj en b ak}mwfpqfeh en flak`fqv

dkb}{wk} wk}{`qka fh qck Qvpk 7 m`b}}fflmbqfeh(

Qck pweiwbd meh}f}qka en pbwkhq qwbfhfhi fh cedk

~f}fq} bmwe}} qck flw}q qcwkk vkbw} en `fnk, yfqc ykkj`v

~f}fq} new qck flw}q vkbw bha gfykkj`v ~f}fq} qckwkbnqkw(

Fhqkw~khqfehf}q} qb{icq pbwkhq} qe {}k qye meihfqf~k

}qfd{`bqfeh m{wwfm{`b new èy gfwqcykficq fhnbhq} bha

qeaa`kw}, ehk kdpcb}f|fhi meihfqf~k, `fhi{f}qfm,

bha }emfb` ak~kèpdkhq ~fb b pweiwbd en ibdk} bha

bmqf~fqfk}, bha qck eqckw fh~e`~fhi b }v}qkdbqfm

bppwebmc qe ck`p pbwkhq} dbhbik }k`n$fakhqfflkapweg`kd}( Fh qck }kmeha vkbw en `fnk, fhnbhq} gkibh

bqqkhafhi bh ka{mbqfehb` abvmbwk fl~k abv} pkw ykkj,

fh ycfmc qkbmckw} mehqfh{ka qe {qf`f|k qck }qfd{`b$

qfeh m{wwfm{`{d, bha qcf} mehqfh{ka {hqf` => dehqc}

en bik( Mcfàwkh wkmkf~ka 7?* ce{w} fh fhqkw~khqfeh

pkw ykkj, bha gfdehqc`v pbwkhq iwe{p dkkqfhi} gk$

ibh yckh qck fhnbhq} ykwk 27 dehqc} en bik( Fhnbhq}

ykwk b}}k}}ka bq 1? ykkj} bha 1, 3, 27, 23, 71, =?,

bha => dehqc} en bik( Bq bik => dehqc}, qck knnkmq

}f|k} new ]qbhnewaGfhkq }mewk} ykwk (3= new ckb~fkw

pbwqfmfpbhq} bha (12 new `ficqkw pbwqfmfpbhq} #wk}{`q$

fhi fh bh b~kwbik mewwkmqka knnkmq }f|k en (>7&(

Fh qkwd} en fhqkw~khqfeh mcbwbmqkwf}qfm}, qcf}

fhqkw~khqfeh yb} geqc èhi$`b}qfhi bha fhqkh}f~k(

Qck fhqkw~khqfeh gkibh fh qck cedk a{wfhi fhnbhmv

bha qwbh}nkwwka qe b mkhqkw$gb}ka pweiwbd a{wfhi

qck qeaa`kw pkwfea( Fq fh~e`~ka pbwkhq qwbfhfhi fh

fhnbhmv a{wfhi ykkj`v cedk ~f}fq} bha qcwe{ic

pbwkhq iwe{p} a{wfhi qeaa`kwceea( Qck fhqkw~khqfeh

yb} fhaf~fa{b`f|ka new kbmc mcfà( _bwkhq} ykwk pwe$

~faka baafqfehb` }{ppewq} fh qkwd} en pbwkhq iwe{p},

mb}k dbhbikdkhq, bha qwbh}pewqbqfeh fn hkkaka(

Bheqckw wkdbwjbg`v knnkmqf~k fhqkw~khqfeh yb}

wkpewqka gv Wb{c, Bmckhgbmc, H{wmedgk, Ceyk``,

bha Qkqf #2633&, fh b Qvpk 2 }q{av fh~e`~fhi 7; pwk$

dbq{wk fhnbhq} #yfqc bh b~kwbik dbqkwhb` ka{mbqfeh

en 21(2 vkbw}&, 76 wbhaedf|ka medpbwf}eh}, bha 73

hewdb` gfwqcykficq medpbwf}eh fhnbhq} ne`èyka {p

bq bik 9 vkbw} gv Bmckhgbmc, _cbwk}, Ceyk``, Wb{c,bha H{wmedgk #266?& bha bibfh bq bik 6 vkbw} gv

Bmckhgbmc, Ceyk` , Bejf, bha Wb{c #266=&( Qck

fhqkw~khqfeh, nem{}ka eh }{ppewqfhi dbqkwhb` mbwk,

yb} fdp`kdkhqka gv bh HFM[ h{w}k bha meh}f}qka

en 22 ehk$ce{w }k}}feh} e~kw b =$dehqc pkwfea(

Fhqkw~khqfeh gkibh a{wfhi qck flhb` ykkj en fhnbhq

ce}pfqb`f|bqfeh bha ksqkhaka fhqe qck cedk( ]k~kh

}k}}feh} emm{wwka fh qck ce}pfqb`, bha ne{w emm{wwka

fh qck nbdf`fk} cedk}( H{w}k} qbwikqka qepfm} wk`bqka

qe dbqkwhb` }kh}fqf~fqv bha fhnbhq af}qwk}} bha ne`$

= 7 2 ? 2 7 =

Wb{c kq b ( #2633:13d&

Dk`hvj kq b`( #7??2: > d&

Jbbwk}kh kq b`( #7??9: 71 d&

FCA_ #266?: => d: ckb~fkw pbwq(&

FCA_ #266?: => d: `ficqkw pbwq(&

B~eh #abqk< 71 d(ak~ ka iwp&

B~eh #abqk: 71d, pbwkhq ba~&

Wk}hfmj kq b`( #2639: 71 d&

Ifbhhf kq b`( #7??>: => d&

Lech}eh kq b`( #2663: >? d,ak~ ka&

Lech}eh kq b`( #2663:>? d, pbwkhq ba~&

J`kgkwi kq b`( #7??7: 27 d&

]blbhfkdf kq b`( #7??2:13 d&

Qkqf kq b`( #7??6: =$> d&

\bcw kq b`( #2667: 3 d: ckb~fkw pbwq(&

\bcw kq b`( #2667: 3 d: `ficqkw pbwq(&

\bcw #7???: 71 d, ksqkhaka ~f}fq&

\bcw #7???: 71 d, }cewq ~f}fq&

(7

(92

(96

(3=

(;6

(79

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2(2>

Dkbh ]K 4

(11

( (27

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(1=

Qvpk 2

Qvpk 7 (12

Nfi{wk 2 Mewwkmqka knnkq }f|k}, bik} fh dehqc} bq e{qmedk, bha 6;+ mehflakhmk fhqkw~b`} en Qvpk 2 bha Qvpk 7

fhqkw~khqfeh} new pwkdbq{wk fhnbhq}

Fhqkw~khfhi fh fhnbhmv 2=22

7?2? Qck B{qcew}

13/21

èyka qck deqckw} `kba} fh qkwd} en kdpcb}f} bha

pbmk(

Fhqkw~khqfeh e{qmedk} ykwk b}}k}}ka yfqc b d{`$

qfq{ak en dkb}{wk} badfhf}qkwka qe fhnbhq} bha qe qck

deqckwfhnbhq avba} k~kwv > dehqc} bmwe}} b 1$vkbw

pkwfea( Deqckw} fh qck qwkbqdkhq iwe{p wkpewqka

}fihfflmbhq`v cfickw }k`n$mehflakhmk bha }bqf}nbmqfeh

yfqc deqckwfhi, b} yk`` b} dewk nb~ewbg`k ~fky} en

fhnbhq qkdpkwbdkhq qcbh afa qck medpbwf}eh iwe{p(

Gkifhhfhi bq bik = vkbw}, mcfàwkh fh qck qwkbqdkhq

iwe{p pweiwk}}f~k`v mb{icq {p qe qck hewdb` gfwqc$

ykficq medpbwf}eh iwe{p eh meihfqf~k }mewk} #Wb{ckq b (, 2633&( N{wqckw ne`èy${p bq bik 9 vkbw}

#Bmckhgbmc kq b`(, 266?& bha bq bik 6 vkbw} #Bmckh$

gbmc kq b`(, 266=& mehqfh{ka qe flha qck qwkbqdkhq

iwe{p} meihfqf~k }mewk} }fdf`bw qe qce}k en hewdb`

gfwqcykficq mcfàwkh bha }fihfflmbhq`v cfickw qcbh

qck pwkdbq{wk mehqwe` iwe{p( Knnkmq }f|k} new meihfqf~k

}mewk} bq bik 1 vkbw} yb} (96 #mewwkmqka knnkmq }f|k&, bq

bik 9 vkbw} yb} (9?, bha bq bik 6 vkbw} yb} (>;(

Qcf} fhqkw~khqfeh emm{wwka e~kw b }cewq pkwfea en

= dehqc} bha fh~e`~ka mehqbmq} geqc fh qck

medd{hfqv bha bq cedk( _bwkhq} ykwk mebmcka fh

qkmchfr{k} bfdka qe ge`}qkw qck ak~kèpdkhq en qckfwfhnbhq}( Qck fhqkw~khqfeh yb} gweba$gb}ka, fhaf~fa$

{b`f|ka, bha pwe~faka ehk$eh$ehk fh cedk} gv

pbwkhq}( _bwkhq} ykwk heq pwe~faka yfqc baafqfehb`

}{ppewq gkveha qck fhqkw~khqfeh(

Qck}k qye wbhaedf|ka mehqwe``ka }q{afk} akdeh$

}qwbqk qck `bwik}q knnkmq }f|k} fh qcf} }bdp`k qcbq ykwk

}{}qbfhka yk` fhqe kbw`v mcf aceea bha gkveha(

Qckv }qbha e{q new qye wkb}eh}< qck FAC_ #266?&

}q{av gkmb{}k en qck khewde{} }bdp`k }f|k bha

`khiqcv ne`èy${p pkwfea, bha qck Wb{c kq b`( #2633&

}q{av gkmb{}k en qck }{}qbfhka knnkmq} e~kw b ~kwv

èhi ne`èy${p pkwfea( Ceyk~kw, qck fhqkw~khqfeh} bwk

r{fqk afnnkwkhq, yfqc qck newdkw b ~kwv èhi$`b}qfhi

bha fhqkh}f~k fhqkw~khqfeh mbwwfka e{q new => dehqc}

bha qck }kmeha b ~kwv gwfkn fhqkw~khqfeh `b}qfhi eh`v

= dehqc} bha mbwwfka e{q gv b ~f}fqfhi h{w}k( Med$deh k`kdkhq} fhm`{ak bh fhaf~fa{b`f|ka ak~kèp$

dkhqb` m{wwfm{`{d new mcf awkh, b }qwehi nem{} eh

pbwkhq qwbfhfhi bha pbwkhq ak`f~kwv en qck fhqkw~kh$

qfeh, bha kdpcb}f} eh }{ppewqfhi pbwkhq}(

Qckwk yb} b`}e b }q{av qcbq afa heq flha bhv pe}fqf~k

mcbhik a{k qe fhqkw~khqfeh #\bcw, 7???&( Qcf} }q{av

nem{}ka eh èy$fhmedk fhnbhq} nwed dfhewfqv nbdf`fk}

bha fh~e`~ka b èy$fhqkh}fqv fhqkw~khqfeh nem{}ka

eh ikhkwb` mbwkqbjfhi }jf``} bha }kh}fqf~fqv qe fhnbhq

m{k}( Qck fhqkw~khqfeh yb} ak f~kwka kfqckw new 26

~f}fq} bmwe}} 27 dehqc}, ew 22 ~f}fq} bmwe}} 1 dehqc}(

Mewwkmqka knnkmq }f|k} ykwk&

(>; new qck ksqkhakapkwfea iwe{p bha &(1= new qck }cewqkw pkwfea iwe{p(

Fh wk~fkyfhi qck}k }q{afk} b} b iwe{p, bha b}

akdeh}qwbqka fh Nfi{wk 2, qckwk bwk e~kwb`` deakwbqk

knnkmq} en qck}k fhqkw~khqfeh }qwbqkifk} new pwkdbq{wk

= 7 2 ? 2 7 =

B`` Qvpk 7Fhnbhq} yfqc ak~kèpdkhqb` ak`bv}

Mehhe``v kq b`( #263?& h49=

Mehhe``v kq b`( #266=& h47?

]kfnkw kq b`( #2662& h4=6

]èpkw kq b`( #263>& h471

_fpkw kq b`( #263?& h4=9

Fhnbhq} bq wf}j new fhqk``kmq{b` af}bgf`fqv

Wbdkv kq b`( #269>& h419

Wbdkv kq b`( #2631& h42?9

Gwkfqdbvkw kq b`( #263>& hehepqfdb`Bpibw h4=2

Gwkfqdbvkw kq b`( #263>& epqfdb` Bpibwh416

(6=

(16

(>6

(23

(22

2(=3

( 2(?2

2(72

Dkbh ]K 42(7>

Dkbh ]K 4(11

(71

Nfi{wk 7 Mewwkmqka knnkmq }f|k}, bik} fh dehqc} bq e{qmedk, bha 6;+ mehflakhmk fhqkw~b`} en Qvpk 2 bha Qvpk 7

fhqkw~khqfeh} new fhnbhq} yfqc ak~kèpdkhqb` ak`bv} bha qce}k bq wf}j new fhqk``kmq{b` af}bgf`fqv

2=27 Jbqckwfhk Yb``bmk bha ]b``v Weikw}

7?2? Qck B{qcew}


14/21

fhnbhq}, qce{ic qckwk f} d{mc ~bwfbgf`fqv( Qck dkbh

knnkmq }f|k en qcf} iwe{p en }q{afk} f} (11, akdeh$

}qwbqfhi qcbq qck}k fhqkw~khqfeh }qwbqkifk}, nem{}ka

eh pbwkhq mebmcfhi, bwk knnkmqf~k fh fdpwe~fhi

ak~kèpdkhqb` e{qmedk} en qck fhnbhq} wkmkf~fhi qck

kspkwfdkhqb` qwkbqdkhq}, bq `kb}q yfqcfh qck qfdk

pkwfea b}}k}}ka(

Fhnbhq} yfqc ak~kèpdkhqb` ak`bv}( Mehhe``v,

Dewibh, W{}}k` , bha Wfmcbwa}eh #263?& ksbdfhka

qck knnkmq} en qwkbqdkhq eh mcfàwkh afbihe}ka yfqc

Aeyh }vhawedk yce cba pbwqfmfpbqka fh qck Kbw`v

Fhqkw~khqfeh _weiwbd bq qck Mcfà Ak~kèpdkhq

Mkhqkw en qck [hf~kw}fqv en Qkhhk}}kk Mkhqkw new qck

Ckb`qc ]mfkhmk} yckh {hakw qck bik en = vkbw}( Qcf}

pweiwbd} ieb`} fh~e`~ka fdpwe~fhi qck pbwkhqmcfà

wk`bqfeh}cfp bha dbsfdf|fhi qck e~kwb`` ak~kèpdkhq

en kbmc mcfà( New 2? ykkj}, nbdf`fk} pbwqfmfpbqka fh

ykkj`v, 7(;$ce{w iwe{p }k}}feh} bq qck Mkhqkw(A{wfhi qck flw}q ce{w en kbmc }k}}feh, pbwkhq} bha

mcfàwkh pbwqfmfpbqka qeikqckw ycf`k pwenk}}fehb`}

qb{icq bha akdeh}qwbqka qe pbwkhq} ~bwfe{} ak~k`$

epdkhqb` fhqkw~khqfeh}( A{wfhi qck }kmeha ce{w,

pbwkhq} pbwqfmfpbqka fh b iwe{p qckwbpv }k}}feh,

af}m{}}fhi qckfw nkk fhi} bha mehmkwh}, ycf k qck

mcfàwkh ykwk qwkbqka fhaf~fa{b` v( Nfhb``v, b

cb`n$ce{w yb} }pkhq akb`fhi yfqc nkkafhi$}jf``

ak~kèpdkhq( Fh qck yfhqkw bha }{ddkw ne` eyfhi

qcf} 2?$ykkj pweiwbd, pbwkhq} mehqfh{ka fhaf~fa{$

b`f|ka cedk pweiwbd}, bha cba emmb}fehb` ~f}fq} gv

}qbnn en pcv}fmb` qckwbpv bha h{w}fhi akpbwqdkhq}(

Bq bik => vkbw}, 7? mcfàwkh yce medp`kqka qcf}

fhqkw~khqfeh ykwk medpbwka qe ;= mcfàwkh yce cba

heq wkmkf~ka fq( Qckwk yb} b }fihfflmbhq iwe{p afnnkw$

khmk eh qck ]qbhnewaGfhkq nb~ewfhi qck mcf awkh

yce wkmkf~ka qck fhqkw~khqfeh, yfqc b mewwkmqka knnkmq

}f|k en (16( Bq bik 2> vkbw}, qkh mcfàwkh yce cba

wkmkf~ka qck fhqkw~khqfeh ykwk bibfh medpbwka eh

qck ]qbhnewa$Gfhkq qe qkh yce cba heq, yfqc b mew$

wkmqka knnkmq }f|k en (6= nb~ewfhi qck fhqkw~khqfeh

iwe{p( Ceyk~kw, qcf} }q{av cba b ~bwfkqv en dkqce$

aeèifmb` ykbjhk}}k}, fhm`{afhi `bmj en wbhaedf|ka

b}}fihdkhq, `bmj en wbqkw} g`fha qe fhqkw~khqfeh

}qbq{}, bha `bmj en qwkbqdkhq dbh{b`} ew flak`fqvdkb}{wk}( Qckwk yb} b`}e meh}fakwbg`k bqqwfqfeh fh

geqc iwe{p} bq qck bik 2> b}}k}}dkhq(

Fh qkwd} en fhqkw~khqfeh mcbwbmqkwf}qfm}, akh}fqv

bha a{wbqfeh ykwk deakwbqk bha dfska bmwe}} pbw$

qfmfpbhq}( Qck fhqkw~khqfeh yb} ak f~kwka fh qck

medd{hfqv bha bq cedk bha fh~e`~ka pbwkhq}

ckb~f`v fh qkwd} en mebmcfhi bha wk`vfhi eh qckd qe

pwbmqfmk ak~kèpdkhqb` bmqf~fqfk} yfqc qckfw mcfàwkh(

Fq yb} gweba$gb}ka bha fhaf~fa{b`f|ka, bha pwe~faka

fh b dfska ehk$qe$ehk bha iwe{p }kqqfhi( Nbdf`fk}

ykwk pwe~faka yfqc baafqfehb` }{ppewq fh qck newd en

pbwkhq iwe{p} bha qckwbpv(Fh wk~fkyfhi qck}k }q{afk} b} b iwe{p, bha b}

akdeh}qwbqka fh Nfi{wk 7, qckwk bwk e~kwb`` deakwbqk

knnkmq} en qck}k fhqkw~khqfeh }qwbqkifk} new fhnbhq}

yfqc b ~bwfkqv en }fihfflmbhq ak~kèpdkhqb` af}ewakw},

qce{ic, b} bge~k, qckwk f} d{mc ~bwfbgf fqv( Qck

dkbh knnkmq }f|k en qcf} iwe{p en }q{afk} f} (11,

akdeh}qwbqfhi qcbq qck}k fhqkw~khqfeh }qwbqkifk},

de}q en qckd nem{}ka eh pbwkhq mebmcfhi, bwk knnkm$

qf~k fh fdpwe~fhi ak~kèpdkhqb` e{qmedk} en qck

fhnbhq} wkmkf~fhi qck kspkwfdkhqb` qwkbqdkhq}, bq

`kb}q yfqcfh qck qfdk pkwfea b}}k}}ka(

Mcf awkh bq wf}j new fhqk``kmq{b` af}bgf fqv( Qck

Mbwe`fhb Bgkmkabwfbh _welkmq #Wbdkv . Mbdpgk``,

2631: Wbdkv . ]dfqc, 269>& yb} ehk en }k~kwb` yk``$

p{g`fmf|ka }q{afk} qcbq bqqkdpqka qe pwk~khq fhqk`$

`kmq{b` af}bgf`fqv fh fhnbhq} bq wf}j a{k qe pe~kwqv bha

fhqk``kmq{b` fdpbfwdkhq} en qckfw deqckw}( Nfnqv

fhnbhq} ykwk wbhaedf|ka fhqe fhqkw~khqfeh bha med$

pbwf}eh iwe{p}( Qck n{``$abv fhqkw~khqfeh yb} ak`f~$

kwka fh }pkmfb`f|ka abvmbwk mkhqkw} gkifhhfhi yckh

qck fhnbhq} ykwk >27 ykkj} en bik bha mehqfh{ka

{hqf` bik ; vkbw}( Qck fhnbhq m{wwfm{`{d meh}f}qka enbmqf~fqfk} ak}fihka qe }qfd{`bqk `bhi{bik, deqew,

}emfb`, bha meihfqf~k }jf``} bha yb} ak`f~kwka gv qck

abvmbwk }qbnn( Bnqkw qck qcfwa gfwqcabv, qck fhqkw~kh$

qfeh gkmbdk bh ksmk``khq pwk}mcee` m{wwfm{`{d yfqc

b pbwqfm{`bw kdpcb}f} eh `bhi{bik ak~kèpdkhq(

Nbdf`fk} ykwk pwe~faka yfqc baafqfehb` }{ppewq fh

qck newd en mb}k dbhbikdkhq, h{qwfqfeh, dkafmb`

b}}f}qbhmk, bha qwbh}pewqbqfeh fn hkkaka(

Wbdkv bha Mbdpgk`` #2631& medpbwka qck }mewk}

en qck}k mcfàwkh qe ;= mehqwe` mcfàwkh eh qck Gbv`kv

]mb k} en Fhnbhq Ak~kèpdkhq, qck ]qbhnewaGfhkq

Fhqk``fikhmk ]mb`k, bha%ew qck DmMbwqcv ]mb`k} bq >,

27, 23, 71, =?, 17, 13, bha ;1 dehqc} en bik(

Gkifhhfhi bq 23 dehqc} bha eh k~kwv qk}q qckwkbnqkw,

qce}k fh qck qwkbqdkhq iwe{p e{q}mewka mehqwe`

mcfàwkh( Qck mewwkmqka knnkmq }f|k new Gbv`kv }mewk}

bq 23 dehqc} yb} 2(=3, bha new ]qbhnewaGfhkq

}mewk} bq ;1 dehqc} en bik yb} 2(72(

Fh qkwd} en fhqkw~khqfeh mcbwbmqkwf}qfm}, geqc

akh}fqv bha a{wbqfeh ykwk cfic, yfqc 1? ce{w} pkw

ykkj en fhqkw~khqfeh new b pkwfea en >? dehqc}(

Wbqfe} ykwk qce}k en ksmk``khq abvmbwk mkhqkw}( Qck

m{wwfm{`{d yb} gweba$gb}ka bha fhaf~fa{b`f|ka,

yfqc }pkmfb` kdpcb}f} eh `bhi{bik ak~kèpdkhq(

Dkqceaeèifmb` ykbjhk}}k} fhm`{aka bg}khmk eng`fha b}}k}}ew} bha qwkbqdkhq flak`fqv mckmj}(

Fh wk~fkyfhi qck}k }q{afk} b} b iwe{p, bha b}

akdeh}qwbqka fh Nfi{wk 7, qckwk bwk e~kwb`` `bwik

knnkmq} en qck}k fhqkw~khqfeh }qwbqkifk} new fhnbhq} bq

wf}j new fhqk``kmq{b` af}bgf`fqv a{k qe pbwkhqb` èykw

FR} bha pe~kwqv, qce{ic qckwk f} d{mc ~bwfbgf`fqv(

Qck dkbh knnkmq }f|k en qcf} iwe{p en }q{afk} f} 2(7>,

akdeh}qwbqfhi qcbq qck}k fhqkw~khqfeh }qwbqkifk},

de}q en qckd ak f~kwka fh cfic$r{b`fqv mcf a mbwk

}kqqfhi} medgfhka yfqc pbwkhq mebmcfhi bha }{p$

pewq, bwk knnkmqf~k fh dbwjka`v fdpwe~fhi ak~kèp$

dkhqb` e{qmedk} en qck fhnbhq} wkmkf~fhi qckkspkwfdkhqb` qwkbqdkhq}, bq `kb}q yfqcfh qck qfdk

pkwfea b}}k}}ka(

New qck p{wpe}k} en medpbwf}eh, yk cb~k b`}e

fhm`{aka b }fdf`bw fli{wk nwed Wkfmcey bha Ye`kwv

Fhqkw~khfhi fh fhnbhmv 2=2=

7?2? Qck B{qcew}



15/21

#Nfi{wk =: 7??6&, akdeh}qwbqfhi knnkmq }f|k} new

ve{hi mcfàwkh yfqc b{qf}d wkmkf~fhi fhqkh}f~k

bpp`fka gkcb~few bhb`v}f} ne`èyfhi @e~bb}} #2632,

2639, 7??=& deak ( New qck mcfàwkh fh qck}k }q{afk},

fhqkw~khqfeh} ykwk mbwwfka e{q new =?1? ce{w} pkw

ykkj, fh 2BAKR[BQK

@e~bb}b 2639

]dfqc kq b`(m 2669

Kàk~fj kq b`(m 7??>

Kfjk}kqc kq b`(g 7??9

Dbifbqf kq b`(m 7??9

YKBJBhakw}eh kq b`(

m 2639Gfwhgwb{kw kq b`(

m 266=]ckfhjepn kq b`(

m 2663Gfggv kq b`(

b 7??2Geva . Mew`kv

m 7??2

(3=

(33

2(;3

2(?6

(6?

(97

(;?

2(7;

(26

(23

heq wkpewqka

2(22

(26

heq wkpewqka

DkbhK]4 (;>

Nfi{wk = Mewwkmqka knnkmq }f|k}, bik} fh dehqc} bq e{qmedk, bha 6;+ mehflakhmk fhqkw~b`} en fhqkw~khqfeh} new ve{hi

mcfàwkh yfqc B]A qeaa`kw}( _wfhqka yfqc pkwdf}}feh en ]pwfhikw


7?2? Qck B{qcew}


16/21

qfdk 1 dehqc} ~kw}{} 27 dehqc} bnqkw ce}pfqb`

af}mcbwik new fdpe~kwf}cka @bqfhe deqckw} bha

qckfw pwkdbq{wk fhnbhq}( Qckwk ykwk he ibfh} fh mcfà

ak~kèpdkhqb` wbqk} wk`bqka qe qcf} fhqkw~khqfeh,

qce{ic pwk~fe{} }q{afk} en qck }bdk fhqkw~khqfeh

deak` gv qck }bdk b{qcew} yfqc eqckw pbwqfmfpbhq

iwe{p} akdeh}qwbqka pe}fqf~k fhqkw~khqfeh knnkmq}(

Qck b{qcew} heqk qcbq qck mbwkqbjfhi kh~fwehdkhq fh

qck}k nbdf`fk}, b} b iwe{p, afnnkwka nwed pwk~fe{}

}q{av iwe{p}, bha qcbq m{`q{wb` afnnkwkhmk} fh fhnbhq

wkbwfhi pbqqkwh}, medgfhka yfqc b`wkbav ksf}qfhi

}emfb` }{ppewq} fh qck}k @bqfhe medd{hfqfk}, dbv

}{ppewq fhnbhq ak~kèpdkhq fh qck}k nbdf`fk} dewk

}qwehi`v qcbh eqckw iwe{p} }q{afka, wk}{`qfhi fh `k}}

weed new fdpwe~kdkhq} a{k qe qck fhqkw~khqfeh( Qck

}q{afk} gv \bcw bha me``kbi{k} bwk ieea ksbdp`k} en

qck pweiwbd en }q{afk} qcbq bwk hkkaka eh b }pkmfflm

fhqkw~khqfeh bppwebmc fh ewakw qe akqkwdfhk yce yf``

gkhkflq bha ycbq fhqkh}fqv en fhqkw~khqfeh f} hkkaka( Qck meddeh k`kdkhq} `f}qka bge~k bwk ksmk` khq

mbhafabqk} new dbhfp{`bqfeh yfqcfh kspkwfdkhqb`

ak}fih} fh n{q{wk }q{afk} qe akqkwdfhk deakwbqew}

bha dkafbqew} en fdpwe~ka e{qmedk} new mcf awkh

yfqc ak~kèpdkhqb` wf}j}(

Ceyk~kw, qye yewa} en mb{qfeh bwk hkmk}}bwv(

Nfw}q, qck wk}{`q} en qck B~eh _wkdbq{wk Fhnbhq _we$

lkmq #2663& pefhq e{q qck mw{mfb` fdpewqbhmk en èhi$

qkwd ne` ey${p( Qcf} ~kwv yk`` aehk, wbhaedf|ka

}q{av ak f~kwka b ak~kèpdkhqb` m{wwfm{`{d qe b

`bwik iwe{p en pbwkhq} bha fhnbhq} ~fb h{w}k ~f}fq}

#h 4 22>& ew ~fb pbwkhq iwe{p} #h 4 2?>&( Bq bik

7 vkbw}, mcf awkh wkmkf~fhi qck wki{`bw cedk ~f}fq}

bha ak~kèpdkhqb` m{wwfm{`{d }ceyka d{mc `bwikw

knnkmq} en qck fhqkw~khqfeh #K] 4 (;6& qcbh afa qck

pbwkhq iwe{p fhqkw~khqfeh #K] 4 (79&( Ceyk~kw, ne`$

èy${p en qye$qcfwa} en qck }bdp`k gv Lech}eh, Wfhi,

Bhakw}eh, bha Dbw ey #7??;& bq bik ; vkbw} wk~kb`ka

he iwe{p afnnkwkhmk} #cedk ~f}fq iwe{p K] 4 &(27:

pbwkhq iwe{p K] 4 &(?;& medpbwka qe qck mehqwe`}(

]kmeha, fq f} fdpewqbhq qe heqk qcbq qckwk bwk }edk

ksmkpqfeh} qe jkv fhiwkafkhq} p{``ka nwed qck `fqkwb$

q{wk wk~fky #k(i(, qcbq qce}k fhqkw~khqfeh} ycfmc

pwe~fak èhi$qkwd, fhqkh}f~k, bha medpwkckh}f~k

fhqkw~khqfeh bwk dewk knflmbmfe{} qcbh qfdk$`fdfqka,nemb` fhqkw~khqfeh}&( New ksbdp`k, Qkqf kq b`( #7??6&

af}m{}} b }cewq$qkwd nemb` fhqkw~khqfeh yfqc

fdpwk}}f~k wk}{`q}( Hk~kwqck`k}}, qck `bwik}q qwfb`}

#k(i(, FCA_, 266?: Wk}hfmj, Kv`kw, Hk`}eh, Kfq|dbh,

. G{mmfbwk` f, 2639& }{ppewq qck mehm`{}feh qcbq

èhi$qkwd, fhqkh}f~k, bha medpwkckh}f~k fhqkw~kh$

qfeh} bwk cfic`v knflmbmfe{}( N{q{wk wk}kbwmc dbv

ck`p qe n{wqckw pbwmk` e{q qck fdpewqbhmk en fhqkw$

~khqfeh fhqkh}fqv, a{wbqfeh, bha medpwkckh}f~khk}}(

Qe ycbq ksqkhq fhnbhq} bha qeaa`kw} wkmkf~fhi qck}k

kbw`v fhqkw~khqfeh} }cey èhi$`b}qfhi gkhkflq f} b

}kàed }q{afka r{k}qfeh( Ceyk~kw, qck r{k}qfeh{hakw}mewk} b mwfqfmb``v hkkaka nkbq{wk en n{q{wk

fhqkw~khqfeh }q{afk} new b`` iwe{p} en fhnbhq} bha

qeaa`kw}< èhi$qkwd ne` ey${p( Aem{dkhqbqfeh en

èhi$qkwd knnkmq} en kbw`v fhqkw~khqfeh yf`` b}}f}q qck

p{g fm fh dbjfhi fdpewqbhq akmf}feh} wkibwafhi

n{hafhi new qck}k }kw~fmk} bha fh b}}k}}fhi qck me}q}

bha gkhkflq} qe fhaf~fa{b`} bha qe medd{hfqfk} qcbq

medk nwed cfic$r{b`fqv fhnbhq fhqkw~khqfeh pwe$

iwbd}(

Fdp`fmbqfeh} new wk}kbwmc fh fhnbhq%qeaa`kwfhqkw~khqfeh} new B]A

Qck bik en kbw`v wkmeihfqfeh en B]A ew B]A wf}j f} nb}q

bppwebmcfhi 27 dehqc} bha wk}kbwmc iwe{p} bwk

yewjfhi cbwa qe fakhqfnv wf}j }fih} k~kh kbw`fkw, new

qck kspwk}} p{wpe}k en khbg`fhi qwkbqdkhq qe gkifh

b} }eeh b} pe}}fg`k fh ewakw qe wka{mk ew wk~kw}k

}fih} bha }vdpqed} en b{qf}d( Qck `bwik geav en

wk}kbwmc fh fhnbhq fhqkw~khqfeh new eqckw m`fhfmb`

fhnbhq iwe{p} bha qckfw nbdf`fk} }{iik}q} }qbwqfhi

pefhq} new wk}kbwmc eh fhnbhq fhqkw~khqfeh} new B]A(

If~kh qck bde{hq en }mfkhmk qcbq b`wkbav ksf}q} fhkbw`v fhqkw~khqfeh new B]A, fq ye{à gk ksqwkdk`v

ck`pn{` new B]A wk}kbwmckw} qe ak}fih medpbwbqf~k

}q{afk} qcbq b`èy new f}e`bqfeh en qck bmqf~k fhiwk$

afkhq} new gk}q e{qmedk} new fhnbhq} yfqc B]A( ]pk$

mfflm fhqkw~khqfeh ~bwfbg`k} qe gk ksbdfhka yckh

meh}fakwfhi fhqkw~khqfeh new fhnbhq} bq wf}j new B]A

fhm`{ak qck ne`èyfhi(

B]A$}pkmfflm ~kw}{} ikhkwb` ak~kèpdkhqb` fhqkw$

~khqfeh( ]edk bppwebmck} qe kbw`v B]A fhqkw~kh$

qfeh, geqc nwed bpp`fka gkcb~few bhb`v}f} bha nwed

ak~kèpdkhqb` bppwebmck}, qbwikq b gweba wbhik en

`kbwhfhi qbwikq} #Db{wfmk, Iwkkh, . @{mk, 266>:

Weikw} . Aby}eh, 7??6&, }fdf`bw qe ycbq cb} gkkh

ak}mwfgka bge~k fh qck fhnbhq `fqkwbq{wk nwed eqckw

iwe{p}( Ceyk~kw, fh qck `fqkwbq{wk eh B]A qckwk cb}

b`}e gkkh qck nem{} eh pwfdbwv akflmfq}, ew mewk nkb$

q{wk} qcbq bwk fdpbfwka fh B]A bha qcbq bppkbw qe

pwk~khq eqckw bwkb} en ak~kèpdkhq nwed e{wf}cfhi,

wk}{`qfhi fh }kmehabwv akflmfq}( Mewk akflmfq} }{i$

ik}qka kbw`v fh B]A cb~k fhm`{aka lefhq bqqkhqfeh

#Ycb`kh, ]mcwkfgdbh, . Fhikw}e``, 7??>&, fdfqbqfeh

#Weikw} . Yf``fbd}, 7??>&, `bhi{bik, bha }vdge`fm

p`bv #Ve{hi, Gwkykw, . _bqqf}eh, 7??=&( Ycf`k qckwk

f} m{wwkhq v meh}fakwbg`k mehqwe~kw}v bge{q yckqckwqckwk bwk }{mc pwfdbwv akflmfq} #Cbppk . Wehbà,

7??3&, qckwk f} wkpkbqka k~fakhmk qcbq qbwikqfhi ehk

ew dewk en qck}k mewk nkbq{wk} aek} wk}{`q fh pe}fqf~k

mcbhik} fh eqckw bwkb} me``bqkwb` knnkmq} f} qck qkwd

de}q enqkh {}ka( N{wqckwdewk, qck}k me` bqkwb`

knnkmq} qvpfmb``v emm{w bdehi qck ~bwfe{} mewk nkb$

q{wk} en B]A `f}qka bge~k, }{iik}qfhi qcbq qckv bwk

heq fhakpkhakhq en kbmc eqckw #Ycb`kh kq b`(, 7??>&(

Fhqkw~khqfeh bppwebmck} new pwk}mcee`kw} yfqc B]A

qcbq cb~k nem{}ka eh mewk }jf``} wbqckw qcbh b gweba

bwwbv en }jf `} fhm`{ak _f~eqb` Wk}peh}k Qwbfhfhi,

nem{}ka eh medd{hfmbqfeh #k(i(, Jekik`, Jekik`,Cbwweykw, . Mbwqkw, 2666&, qck yewj gv Jb}bwf bha

me``kbi{k} nem{}ka eh lefhq bqqkhqfeh bha }vdge fm

p`bv #k(i(, Jb}bwf, Nwkkdbh, . _bpbwk` b, 7??>:

Jb}bwf, _bpbwk` b, Nwkkdbh, . Lbcwedf, 7??3&,

Fhqkw~khfhi fh fhnbhmv 2=2;

7?2? Qck B{qcew}

17/21

fdfqbqfeh #k(i(, Ycb`kh kq b`(, 7??>&, bha }emfb`

ak~kèpdkhq #Eaed . DmMehhk` , 266>&( Qck fakb

qcbq qbwikqfhi mewk ak~kèpdkhqb` nkbq{wk} wk}{`q} fh

aeyh}qwkbd ibfh} fh eqckw fdpewqbhq ak~kèpdkhqb`

bwkb} f} bh fdpewqbhq qkhkq en ak~kèpdkhqb` p}v$

mceèiv(

Qbwikqfhi fhqkw~khqfeh eh mewk nkbq{wk} dbv gk b

dewk kmehedfmb` bppwebmc qe fhqkw~khqfeh, fh qkwd}

en qfdk, nbdf`v fh~e`~kdkhq, bha me}q, qcbh ak`f~kwfhi

iègb` qkbmcfhi gb}ka eh k~kwv b}pkmq} en b mcfà}

ak~kèpdkhq( Akqkwdfhfhi yckqckw b qbwikqka

bppwebmc qe b `fdfqka }kq en }jf``} f} b} knflmbmfe{} b}

b iègb` bppwebmc qe ak~kèpdkhq fh fhqkw~khqfeh f} b

mwfqfmb` wk}kbwmc hkka, if~kh qck h{dgkw en mcfàwkh

yce hkka fhqkw~khqfeh bha qck `fdfqka wk}e{wmk} qcbq

medd{hfqfk} cb~k qe pwe~fak fq( B }q{av ak}fih qcbq

ye{à ck`p qe bh}ykw qcf} r{k}qfeh ye{à fh~e`~k

b}}fihfhi fhnbhq} bha qeaa`kw} yfqc B]A wbhaed`v qe

kfqckw b medpwkckh}f~k ew b qbwikqka }kq en qwkbqdkhqeglkmqf~k} yfqcfh b if~kh qkbmcfhi bppwebmc, ceàfhi

b`` eqckw ~bwfbg`k} meh}qbhq, bha ne`èyfhi qck

fhnbhq} bèhi yfqc mbwkn{` bha nwkr{khq b}}k}}dkhq

en b`` ak~kèpdkhqb` bwkb}( Qcf} qvpk en }q{av ye{à

ck`p {} `kbwh yckqckw qck bppwebmc qcbq cb} gkkh }e

knnkmqf~k fh qck eqckw fhnbhq fhqkw~khqfeh} {}k en b

gweba ak~kèpdkhqb` m{wwfm{`{d f} b`}e epqfdb` new

B]A(

Fhqkh}fqv bha ak`f~kwv }v}qkd new fhqkw~kh$

qfeh( Qck ksbdfhbqfeh en knnkmq }f|k} wk~fkyka fh

qcf} pbpkw }{iik}q qcbq qwkbqdkhq fhqkh}fqv, fhm`{a$

fhi gkifhhfhi qwkbqdkhq b} kbw`v b} pe}}fg`k bha

pwe~fafhi qcbq qwkbqdkhq new èhi a{wbqfeh}, meh$

qwfg{qk} qe dewk knflmbmfe{} fhqkw~khqfeh}( Qc{}, b

}kmeha r{k}qfeh qcbq bwf}k} fh af}m{}}fhi b{qf}d

kbw`v fhqkw~khqfeh f} qck fhqkh}fqv en qwkbqdkhq( Qck

m{wwkhq hbqfehb` }qbhabwa }{iik}q} 7; ce{w} pkw

ykkj en fhqkw~khqfeh new ve{hi mcf awkh yfqc B]A

#Hbqfehb` Wk}kbwmc Me{hmf , 7??2&( Ceyk~kw, qck

eh`v fhnbhq qwkbqdkhq} new eqckw m`fhfmb` mehafqfeh}

ak`f~kwfhi qcf} dbhv ce{w} en fhqkw~khqfeh pkw ykkj

bwk qck mkhqkw$gb}ka bppwebmck} qcbq nem{}ka eh

fhnbhq} bq }emfe$m{`q{wb` wf}j new fhqk``kmq{b` af}bgf`$

fqv #k(i(, Wbdkv . Mbdpgk``, 2631&( If~kh qck }{m$mk}} en cedk ~f}fq newdbq} new fhnbhq} yfqc eqckw

mehafqfeh} bha if~kh qck kspkh}k en b``$abv }pkmfb`qv

mkhqkw$gb}ka mbwk new mcfàwkh, qck {}k en b cedk

~f}fqbqfeh deak` yfqc ehiefhi pbwkhq qwbfhfhi bha

}{ppewq f} `fjk`v b ~fbg`k deak` new fhnbhq bha qeaa`kw

B]A fhqkw~khqfeh( Yckh pbwkhq} fhmewpewbqk }pkmfflm

qkmchfr{k} fhqe qckfw ehiefhi fhqkwbmqfeh} yfqc qckfw

mcfàwkh, bha yckh qckv dbfhqbfh b cfic wbqk en

fhqkwbmqfeh} yfqc qckfw mcfàwkh qcwe{ice{q qck abv,

qckh mcf a }emfb` `kbwhfhi f} emm{wwfhi qcwe{ice{q

qck fhnbhq} ybjfhi ce{w}(

Ceyk~kw, yk cb~k `fqq`k fhnewdbqfeh bge{q qckksqkhq qe ycfmc pbwkhq} bmq{b``v fhn{}k qckfw hky`v

`kbwhka }jf` } fhqe qckfw ehiefhi mbwkqbjfhi yfqc qckfw

mcfàwkh nwed bhv en qck fhnbhq fhqkw~khqfeh }q{afk}(

N{wqckwdewk, nky en qck b{qf}d qwkbqdkhq dbh{b`}

qcbq me{à gk {}ka new qeaa`kw} bha pbwkhq} pwe~fak

qk}qka dkqcea} new ksbdfhfhi pbwkhq fdp`kdkhqb$

qfeh en fhqkw~khqfeh qkmchfr{k} a{wfhi awk}}fhi,

nkkafhi, gbqcfhi, bha eqckw ce{}kceà we{qfhk}

#b`qce{ic }kk _wf|bhq, Ykqckwgv, W{gfh, @b{wkhq, .

Wvak``, 7??> bha Ykqckwgv . Yeea}, 7??> new b

deak` new eqckw} fh qcf} bwkb&( Wk}kbwmc hkka} new

cedk$gb}ka b{qf}d fhqkw~khqfeh ak f~kwka gv pbw$

khq} fhm`{ak< #2& ak~kèpfhi fhqkw~khqfeh} qcbq bwk

dkbhq qe gk ak`f~kwka gv pbwkhq} qe fhnbhq} a{wfhi

mbwkqbjfhi bha p`bv bmqf~fqfk}, #7& ak~kèpdkhq en

èy$me}q dkqcea} new dkb}{wfhi pbwkhqb` flak`fqv en

fdp`kdkhqbqfeh fh ybv} qcbq bwk bmmkpqbg`k qe pbw$

khq} bha {hegqw{}f~k, bha #=& ak~kèpfhi dkb}{wk$

dkhq bppwebmck} new vfkàfhi wk`fbg`k abqb

mehmkwhfhi pbwkhqb` fhqkh}fqv en fdp`kdkhqbqfeh(

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7?2? Qck B{qcew}

18/21

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7?2? Qck B{qcew}

19/21

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20/21

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AUTISMO-Tratamiento_ Intervening in infancy: implications for autismspectrum disorders

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