Autism and Assistive Technology
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Autism Masterclass
Spectronics Inclusive Learning Technologies
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Amanda Hartmann Inclusive Technology Consultant(Speech Pathologist)
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What do you hope to learn today?
Goals
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I want to change your cycle.....
Crazy or success?
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OVERVIEW• What is Autism?
• Technology
• Communication
• Behaviour
• Social development
• Questions
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What is Autism?Part 1
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AutismAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Range of conditions that share common characteristics, including difficulties with communicating, problem
solving and interacting.
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Communication
Social development
Behaviour
ASD
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Your student
Communication
Social Development
Behaviour
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Early warning signsSeek advice if you see some or
many of these behaviours:
• Doesn't smile at familiar people
• Doesn't respond to name
• Doesn't easily engage in or even enjoy games
• Doesn't use eye contact
• Doesn't point to things
• Doesn't understand instructions
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Early warning signs, more...Seek advice if you see some or
many of these behaviours:
• Intense interest in narrow range of topics
• Obsessed with one game or toy
• Easily upset by change, demands routine
• Unusual body movements
• Extremely sensitive to sensory experiences
• Seeks sensory stimulation
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Functional assessment
Needs Strengths
Motivators Challenging behaviours
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Translates...Into meaningful goals
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Functional assessment
• Look at the child in context, and the behaviour in a real context
• What are the functions of the behaviour- what and why is the child achieving?
• Plan and implement strategies
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Behaviours
• Make descriptions of behaviour specific
• What exactly, when exactly, where?
• Record frequency and duration
• Record reactions and consequences to intervention
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Functions of the behaviour...
• Escape/ avoidance of a situation
• Attention gained from the action
• Getting access to a tangible item or activity
• Automatic personal reinforcement or sensory input
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spectronics.com.au/blog/tools-and-resources/sett
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Other disability groups • Speech and language impairments
• Physical impairments
• Intellectual impairments
• Learning difficulties
• Sensory impairments
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Overview of the Technology
Part 2
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TechnologyCurrently being used:
• Computers/ laptops
• Specialised software
• Websites
• Mobile tablet technologies, eg iPad
• Growing and expanding
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Key principles to using technology for students with Autism
• Must be VISUAL
• Be implemented with positive behavioural supports
• Must be functional, motivating and interactive
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TechnologyIntegrate use to:
• Improve and develop a communication system
• Assist development of social skills
• Enhance ability to learn
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Low techSymbol cards
Symbol boards Visual tools
Sign language
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Range of technology for communication
Symbols Software
Communication devices iPad apps
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iPad revolution
iPad craze iPad frenzy
iPad revolution
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New technologies• Mobile and portable
• Easily accessed
• "Normal"
• Motivating
• Cost effective
• User-friendly
• Engaging
• Multi-Functional
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Challengesand solutions...
• Durability
Solution: protective cases and coverings
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Challengesand solutions...
• Finding the right Apps/program's
Solution: access blogs and websites that review apps, Autism Apps.
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Challengesand solutions...
• One size fits all?
Solution: no quick fix, no single solution, team assessment and problem solving
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Challengesand solutions...
• Abandonment of other valuable strategies
Solution: don't throw the baby out with the bath water.. The iPad is just one tool in our tool kit.
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spectronics.com.au/blog/tools-and-resources/sett
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Challengesand solutions...
• ICT .... ie... It Can't Teach
Solution: not the total solution, success relies on the teacher still teaching
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Challengesand solutions...
• Training and support
Solution: funding to support ongoing and continuing professional development, access to the right training
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Challengesand solutions...
• Ongoing support to implement
Solution: access to regular support services and therapies, collect and review data
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Challengesand solutions...
• iPad obsession and keeping kids on task
Solution: Limited music, video and entertainment apps, Use within structured time limits, Use together, encouraging interaction and engagement, iOS 6 - Guided Access
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REMEMBER....Continue to support students:
• With clear goals and objectives
• While continuing to collect data
• While reviewing what works and what doesn't
• And stay flexible and ready to make changes on the run
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CommunicationPart 3
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Communication skillsAffected in different ways
• Significant delays in speaking, use and understand fewer words
• Not speaking at all (nonverbal)
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In those children who do develop speech
• Copy or echo words (echolalia) with no real meaning attached
• Difficulty initiating communication
• Talk about their special interests
• Difficulty using language for a range of purposes
• Use and understand a limited set of vocabulary
Communication
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Goals
• Increase use and understanding of words
• Improve comprehension and listening skills
• Develop and extend vocabulary
• Develop and extend spoken language skills
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To expand and support oral language
• Practical examples
• Clicker
• Symwriter
• Symbol activities- language activities, songs and stories
Software plus
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Language activities
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Songs
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Stories
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Apps for oral language
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Interactive apps
• Create a car
• Cookie doodle
• My PlayHome
• ClickySticky
• Toca Tea Party
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Structured learning apps
• Special words
• Splingo!
• ABA flashcards
• Speech with Milo
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Sentence building apps
• Sentences builder
• Rainbow sentences
• The bag game
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Communication
• Children with little or no speech
• Need to be given alternative ways to communicate (commonly called AAC)
• Devices and apps
• Don't forget low tech
• Multimodal approach
Nonverbal
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Alternative and augmentative communication (AAC)
Augmentative communication is the use of materials or techniques that supplement existing verbal abilities.
Alternative communication is communication methods used by a person without any verbal ability.
(Vanderheiden and Yoder, 1986)
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Goals
• Establish a system of communication
• Present a range of modes as the person selects their preferred method
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Before you do anything....
• Consult with team
• Trial and test apps/devices if possible
• Be prepared to invest time and money into programming, training team members and implementation
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Tips for success..
• Specific Vocabulary selection and design
• To be engaging, interactive, fun, motivating and purposeful
• Modelling of device/ board/ book
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Low techPicture exchange
Aided Language boards
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Communication Devices
Practical ideas and suggestions
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IPads and Apps for AAC
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Apps for AAC list
http://www.spectronicsinoz.com/iphoneipad-apps-for-aac
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Apps for AAC
• Proloquo2go
• Sonoflex
• Grid player
• Sounding board
• Alexicom
Symbol based
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Apps for AAC
• Verbally
• Predictable
Text-based
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Apps for AAC
• Pictello
• Creative Book Builder
Social communication
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BehaviourPart 4
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BehaviourComplex and variable
• Prefer routines and sameness and dislike change
• Meltdowns
• Repetitive behaviours
• Obsess over particular interest areas
• Sensory challenges affect behaviours
• Seek sensory stimulation
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Behaviour supported with
Visual tools
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Benefits of visual tools• Provides positive behaviour support
• Maintains routines and schedules but also can visually show when changes occur
• Provides clear expectations
• Steps within task are made clear
• Keeps student on task
• Allows team to use consistent language and provide consistent feedback to students
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Visual tools are useful for:• Schedules, timetables and routines
• Class rules
• First -then
• Visual timers
• Rewards
• Organising the environment
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Created in...
• Symwriter
• Boardmaker
• On iPad using variety of apps
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Schedules
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Schedules
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Timetables
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Rules
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Rules
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First - then
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Apps for schedules, timetables, routines,class rules and first-then
• Proloquo2Go
• iCommunicate
• Visual routines
• iPrompts XL
• Choiceworks
• First Then
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Visual Timers
• APPS:
• Bang! boom! Buzzer
• Visual Timer
• iPrompts XL
• Time Timer
• Sharing timer
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Rewards
• Low tech
• iPad as the reward
• App: iEarntThat
• App: Token board
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Rewards
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Rewards
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Organise the environment
• Photos
• Symbols
• Pictello
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Social development Part 5
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Social development Early social interaction is difficult
• Appear uninterested in social contact
• Difficult to engage and interact with
• Rarely show interest in others
• May not respond to others
• Little eye contact
• Rarely chat or play with others
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Goals for interaction• Engagement
• Eye contact and interaction
• Turn taking
• Language stimulation
• Listening and following directions
• Requesting and commenting
• Learning in a fun way!
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Low tech/ no tech
• Intensive interaction
• Imitating
• Following the child's lead
• Motivators
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Apps for interaction
• Toca Boca
• Sound Touch
• Playschool Art Maker
• Aunty Maggie's recipe
• Stop & Go
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In those children who do develop speech
• Difficulty using language appropriately in conversations
• Difficulty understanding social rules and expected behaviours
• Cannot initiate and maintain conversations
• Difficulty making and keeping friends
• Unable to effectively solve social problems and negotiate
• Problems expressing and understanding feelings and emotions
Social development
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Teaching Social skills requires: • Team determining target behaviours
• Pre teaching of social skills in small groups, and in natural, familiar and real settings
• Rewarding and recognising behaviours
• Consistent feedback about behaviours
• Feedback can be given immediately after a social error
• Then reviewed at a calm and responsive time
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SEE THINK DO SAYBuild internal dialogue
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Social Stories
Visual, video, photo stories created for specific learning of specific social behaviours
Originally developed by Carol Gray www.thegraycentre.org
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Can be used:
• To prepare someone for new events and experiences
• To teach positive behaviour
• To teach a new skill
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The structure
• 3 types of sentences
• Descriptive - provide information
• Perspective - describe internal states
• Directive - tells the person what to do to be successful
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Tips and tricks• Write from the individual's perspective
• Write in present tense
• Use positive language
• One skill per story
• Visual supports
• Involve the person or their team
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Tips for implementing• One at a time
• Practice BEFORE the challenging situation occurs
• Clear instructions for use
• Consistent across all support
• Review and revise
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Create with• Clicker
• PowerPoint
• A variety of Apps: Pictello, Puppet Pals
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Super low tech...
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Super low tech....
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Convert to symbols
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Goals and target areas
• Feelings
• Friendships
• Conversations
• Conflict resolution
• Classroom behaviour
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Feelings
• Recognising and identifying feelings
• Expressing feelings
• Handling feelings of anger, anxiety, stress
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Friendships
• Making friends
• Maintaining friendships
• Sharing, winning and losing
• Eye contact, body language, talking and listening.
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Conversations
• Conversation rules
• Initiating, maintaining and ending conversations
• Topics
• Taking turns
• Asking questions
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Conflict Resolution
• Negotiation
• Problem solving
• Accept ways to resolve conflict
• Choices when faced with conflict
• Bullying and teasing
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Classroom Behaviours• Listening and attention,
following directions
• Asking for help
• When you don't understand
• Interrupting
• Asking permission
• Answering questions
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Apps for Social Skills
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App suggestions
• Emotions
• Emotion x
• Smarty Pants
• My life skills box
• Social skills builder
• Calm counter
• Choiceworks
• Conversation builder
• Friends Book
• iPrompts XL
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QuestionsSpecific technology questions and solutions
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Write 123......
• 1 thing you are going to do tomorrow that will make a difference immediately
• 2 things that you are going to get more information on
• 3 things that you are going show other people where you work
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Apps for Special EducationBy the Spectronics Consultancy Team
spectronics.com.au/blog/apple
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spectronics.com.au/online
Subscription
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