Australian Contributions to the Field of Organic...

Australian Contributions to the Australian Contributions to the Field of Organic GeochemistryField of Organic Geochemistry

Roger E. Summons Roger E. Summons Simon C. GeorgeSimon C. George

KlitiKliti GriceGrice

ChemostratigraphyChemostratigraphyCentralianCentralian SuperbasinSuperbasin

GippslandGippslandCoals & OilsCoals & Oils

NW Shelf Petroleum SystemsNW Shelf Petroleum SystemsBiomarker Studies and Gas Isotopes Biomarker Studies and Gas Isotopes

PaleoproterozoicPaleoproterozoicMcArthur & Roper Basins McArthur & Roper Basins

Biogenic Sulfides & BiomarkersBiogenic Sulfides & Biomarkers

Coastal BitumensCoastal Bitumens

Algal Biomarkers, Marine Oils, Algal Biomarkers, Marine Oils, TasmanitesTasmanites

PermianPermian--TrTrSydney Basin Sydney Basin Coals & Gas Coals & Gas

c. 1951c. 1951PT BoundaryPT BoundaryPerth BasinPerth Basin

Archean Rocks Archean Rocks PilbaraPilbara CratonCraton

AIMSAIMSGBRGBR

signature signature phospholipidsphospholipids

marine marine biogeochemistrybiogeochemistry

contaminantscontaminants

BBGLBBGLc. 1956c. 1956

Murchison: meteorites & moon rocksMurchison: meteorites & moon rocks19691969--

Notable Early Contributors toNotable Early Contributors toBiogeochemistry in AustraliaBiogeochemistry in Australia

Laurens Gerhard Laurens Gerhard MarinusMarinus BAASBAAS--BECKING (1895BECKING (1895--1963) 1963)

Born in Born in VeventerVeventer, The Netherlands, The NetherlandsUniversity of Utrecht : University of Utrecht : DScDSc ( “Radiation and vital phenomena”).( “Radiation and vital phenomena”).Stanford University: PhD 1921 Asst.Stanford University: PhD 1921 Asst.--Assoc., Professor of Biology & Physiology Assoc., Professor of Biology & Physiology LeidenLeiden University: 1931University: 1931--9 Professor of Biology 9 Professor of Biology Director Botanical Garden at Director Botanical Garden at BogorBogor, Java 1940 , Java 1940 then POW , leader of Dutch Underground Movement, then POW , leader of Dutch Underground Movement, POW Relief, SouthPOW Relief, South--East Asia Command 1945East Asia Command 1945--4646

Moved to Australia 1950Moved to Australia 1950UNSW UNSW CSIRO & Bureau of Mineral Resources CanberraCSIRO & Bureau of Mineral Resources Canberra

Notable Early Contributors toNotable Early Contributors toBiogeochemistry in AustraliaBiogeochemistry in Australia

Laurens Gerhard Laurens Gerhard MarinusMarinus BAASBAAS--BECKING (1895BECKING (1895--1963) 1963) relation between organism and environment and their mutual relation between organism and environment and their mutual interdependence interdependence

–– Baas Baas BeckingBecking, L. G. M., Kaplan, I. R., and Moore, D. (1960), L. G. M., Kaplan, I. R., and Moore, D. (1960)“Limits of the natural environment in terms of pH and “Limits of the natural environment in terms of pH and

oxidationoxidation--reduction potentials,” reduction potentials,” Journal of Geology Journal of Geology 68, 24368, 243--84.84.

““AllesAlles is is overaloveral: : maarmaar hethet milieu milieu selecteertselecteert” ” Everything is everywhere, but the Everything is everywhere, but the environment selectsenvironment selectsadvocate of ecological restraint long before advocate of ecological restraint long before the movement became popular the movement became popular

Chambers & Chambers & TrudingerTrudinger (1979)(1979)

Microbiological fractionation of stable sulfur Microbiological fractionation of stable sulfur isotopes: a review and critique. isotopes: a review and critique. Geomicrobiology Journal, 1, 249Geomicrobiology Journal, 1, 249––293.293.

TrudingerTrudinger, Walter & Ralph, editors (1980), Walter & Ralph, editors (1980)

Biogeochemistry of ancient and modern Biogeochemistry of ancient and modern environments. environments. Australian Academy of Science, 723 p.Australian Academy of Science, 723 p.

Lambert, Walter, Lambert, Walter, ZangZang & Ma (1987)& Ma (1987)

PalaeoPalaeo--environment and carbon isotope environment and carbon isotope stratigraphystratigraphy of Upper Proterozoic carbonates of the of Upper Proterozoic carbonates of the Yangtze Platform. Yangtze Platform. Nature, 235, 140Nature, 235, 140--142142

Summons et al., Summons et al.,

Precambrian bitumens and kerogensPrecambrian bitumens and kerogens

Baas Baas BeckingBecking Geobiology LaboratoryGeobiology LaboratoryCSIRO & BMR, Canberra c. 1956CSIRO & BMR, Canberra c. 1956--19861986

Notable Early Contributors to Notable Early Contributors to Biogeochemistry in AustraliaBiogeochemistry in Australia

●● Life Detection Strategies via Life Detection Strategies via detection of detection of chiralitychirality in amino in amino acids using GCacids using GC--MSMS

●● Senior Investigator, NASA Senior Investigator, NASA Lunar Science Program and Lunar Science Program and member of the Lunar Lander member of the Lunar Lander Analysis Team Analysis Team

BertholdBerthold HalpernHalpern 19231923--1980 1980 Born Vienna 1923Born Vienna 1923BScBSc Sydney 1950, PhD IC 1959Sydney 1950, PhD IC 1959ANU, StanfordANU, StanfordFoundation Chair, Univ. WollongongFoundation Chair, Univ. WollongongFAA 1978 FAA 1978

Bill SchopfBill Schopf

19681968--71 Work at NASA71 Work at NASA

19711971NASA NASA AMES AMES

239239

John SmithJohn Smith

Cyril Ponnamperuma (leader)Cyril Ponnamperuma (leader)Sherwood ChangSherwood Chang Ian KaplanIan Kaplan

Keith KevenvoldenKeith KevenvoldenBertholdBerthold HalpernHalpern

Alan Alan DuffieldDuffield

Returned lunar samples and Returned lunar samples and carbonaceous chondritescarbonaceous chondrites

S and C concentration, isotopic composition, and S and C concentration, isotopic composition, and effect of solar windeffect of solar windSearched for molecules of biological significanceSearched for molecules of biological significanceProc. Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conf., 1970 Proc. Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conf., 1970

Ian Kaplan, Bill Schopf, Ian Kaplan, Bill Schopf, John Smith: UCLA, 1971John Smith: UCLA, 1971

Characterization of Gondwanan coals Characterization of Gondwanan coals and coaland coal--derived hydrocarbons derived hydrocarbons

CSIRO (Jim Brooks, John Smith, Michael CSIRO (Jim Brooks, John Smith, Michael Wilson) Wilson) –– Numerous studies on chemistry, Numerous studies on chemistry, isotopicsisotopics & solid& solid--state spectroscopystate spectroscopy

BMR (Trevor Powell, David BMR (Trevor Powell, David McKirdyMcKirdy))–– The Geochemical Characterization of Australian Crude Oils APEA The Geochemical Characterization of Australian Crude Oils APEA

Journal 1972Journal 1972

University of Melbourne (Basil Johns) University of Melbourne (Basil Johns) –– Numerous studies of Victorian Numerous studies of Victorian ligniteslignites

University of Adelaide (David University of Adelaide (David McKirdyMcKirdy))–– ArouriArouri, Yu, , Yu, McKirdyMcKirdy & Hill: Petroleum of the Cooper and & Hill: Petroleum of the Cooper and EromangaEromanga

Basins, Australia: AAPG Bulletin 2000Basins, Australia: AAPG Bulletin 2000

LandLand--plant origin of Gippsland oilsplant origin of Gippsland oilsBrooks & Smith: GCA, 1967, Brooks & Smith: GCA, 1967, 19691969–– low temperature carbonization of low temperature carbonization of

brown coals generate longbrown coals generate long--chain chain nn--alkanes with a slight odd alkanes with a slight odd preference, acids, alcohols, esterspreference, acids, alcohols, esters

Jim Brooks

Pr/Ph relates to Pr/Ph relates to oxicityoxicity in in transport and sedimentationtransport and sedimentation

Brooks, Gould, Smith:Brooks, Gould, Smith:Nature, 1969Nature, 1969

Pr and Ph in coals and oilsPr and Ph in coals and oilsFormed during coalificationFormed during coalificationPr/Ph varies withPr/Ph varies with–– thermal maturity and thermal maturity and oxicityoxicity

John SmithJohn Smith

Powell & Powell & McKirdyMcKirdy: Nature, 1973: Nature, 1973Relationship between Pr/Ph Crude Relationship between Pr/Ph Crude

Oil Composition & Geological Oil Composition & Geological Environment in AustraliaEnvironment in Australia

Marine Marine vsvs NonNon--MarineMarine

Early IRMS systems in AustraliaEarly IRMS systems in Australia

Keith GouldKeith GouldCSIROCSIRO1970s1970s--80s80s

Micromass 602DMicromass 602D

U reduction U reduction furnace for furnace for δδDD

Isotope lineIsotope line

Stable isotopes of C, S, HStable isotopes of C, S, HThe distribution and isotope composition of The distribution and isotope composition of sulfur in coal (Smith & Batts: GCA, 1974)sulfur in coal (Smith & Batts: GCA, 1974)Biodegradation of Barrow Island crude oils Biodegradation of Barrow Island crude oils (Gould & Smith, AAPG Bulletin, 1978)(Gould & Smith, AAPG Bulletin, 1978)Sulphur isotope ratios in the McArthur Sulphur isotope ratios in the McArthur leadlead--zinczinc--silver deposit (Smith and silver deposit (Smith and Croxford: Nature, 1973) Croxford: Nature, 1973)

Natural gas, coal gasNatural gas, coal gasCOCO22 in coal mine in coal mine outbursts (Smith & outbursts (Smith & Gould: Geochem. J., Gould: Geochem. J., 1980).1980).

The effect of The effect of maturation on the maturation on the isotopic composition of isotopic composition of fossil fuels (Rigby fossil fuels (Rigby et et al.al., Org. Geochem., , Org. Geochem., 1981).1981).

Don Rigby, CSIRODon Rigby, CSIROPrep. GC for gas isotopesPrep. GC for gas isotopes

Biogenic coal seam gasesBiogenic coal seam gasesJohn Smith and Rob Pallasser were the John Smith and Rob Pallasser were the first to ascribe a biogenic origin to first to ascribe a biogenic origin to Sydney and Bowen Basin CSG Sydney and Bowen Basin CSG

Smith and Pallasser:Smith and Pallasser:AAPG Bulletin, 1996AAPG Bulletin, 1996

Rob Pallasser,

Early biomarker geochemistryEarly biomarker geochemistryTrevor Gilbert with CSIRO Trevor Gilbert with CSIRO FinniganFinnigan 4023 GC4023 GC--MS in MS in early 1980searly 1980s

Bicyclic sesquiterpenoids and Bicyclic sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids in Australian crude diterpenoids in Australian crude oils (Philp & Gilbert: GCA, 1981)oils (Philp & Gilbert: GCA, 1981)Philp (1985) Fossil Fuel Philp (1985) Fossil Fuel BiomarkersBiomarkers

1980s Trevor Gilbert with 1980s Trevor Gilbert with CSIRO CSIRO FinniganFinnigan 4023 GC4023 GC--MSMS

Migration ‘PickMigration ‘Pick--up’up’TurrumTurrum--2 oil (Gippsland)2 oil (Gippsland)–– Very high abundance of CVery high abundance of C3131 αβαβ

2222RR homohopanehomohopane–– Pick up of immature Pick up of immature

biomarkers during oil migration biomarkers during oil migration past brown coalspast brown coals

–– Philp & Gilbert: Nature, 1982Philp & Gilbert: Nature, 1982

CC3131 αβαβ 2222RR

Paul PhilpPaul PhilpOne year laterOne year later

at CSIROat CSIRO

Coals and coal macerals: Coals and coal macerals: cross polarization magic angle cross polarization magic angle spinning Cspinning C1313 NMR NMR –– Wilson Wilson et al.et al.: Anal Chem, 1984: Anal Chem, 1984

Humic and fulvic acids in soils Humic and fulvic acids in soils –– Wilson, Vassallo Wilson, Vassallo et al.et al.: Anal Chem, 1987: Anal Chem, 1987–– Baldock, Wilson Baldock, Wilson et al.et al.: Biogeochemistry, 1992: Biogeochemistry, 1992

Wilson (1987) NMR Techniques and Wilson (1987) NMR Techniques and Applications in Geochemistry and Soil Applications in Geochemistry and Soil ChemistryChemistry

NMR pioneer: Michael WilsonNMR pioneer: Michael Wilson

Paul GreenwoodPaul Greenwood (CSIRO; AGSO and now Curtin(CSIRO; AGSO and now Curtin))

Laser micropyrolysis GCMS - Applications:

• Heterogenous OM - e.g. coals, soils

• Tasmanites -Tricyclic terpenoid composition

• Acritarchs - sedimentary horizons containedbranched alkanes + now detected in other OM

- C2n series of quaternary C BA’s - C3n series of highly methylated BA’s

??C2

C2/C4

C4/C5 √

CSIRO Fluid Inclusion GeochemistryCSIRO Fluid Inclusion Geochemistry

Analysis of oil trapped in FIs: signal of past Analysis of oil trapped in FIs: signal of past migration eventsmigration eventsGeorge George et al.et al.: Org Geochem., 1997: Org Geochem., 1997Dutkiewicz, Volk Dutkiewicz, Volk et al.et al., Geology, 2003 , Geology, 2003

•• 1.4 Ga FI oil from Roper 1.4 Ga FI oil from Roper GpGp..Biomarkers derived mainly Biomarkers derived mainly from cyanobacteriafrom cyanobacteria

•• FIs = Closed systems,FIs = Closed systems,sheltered from postsheltered from post--entrapment alterationentrapment alteration

Earth's Precambrian Earth's Precambrian hydrocarbons and kerogenshydrocarbons and kerogens

George George et al.et al.: Org Geochem. 1994: Org Geochem. 1994–– Solid bitumens showed oil migration and Solid bitumens showed oil migration and

biodegradation in Roper Group sandstonesbiodegradation in Roper Group sandstones

Warren, George, Warren, George, et al.et al.: AAPG Bull., 1998: AAPG Bull., 1998–– Velkerri Formation (1.4Ga) a WorldVelkerri Formation (1.4Ga) a World--class class

source rocksource rock

Geochemistry ServicesGeochemistry ServicesEarly 1970sEarly 1970s

-- DemaisonDemaison, posted by Chevron to WAPET in Perth, came to , posted by Chevron to WAPET in Perth, came to WAIT (now Curtin) seeking oil characterisations WAIT (now Curtin) seeking oil characterisations (NMR)(NMR)

-- WAPET funded Garry Woodhouse PhD (mid WAPET funded Garry Woodhouse PhD (mid –– late 70s) late 70s) supervised by Bob Alexander & Bob supervised by Bob Alexander & Bob KagiKagi

1980s1980sAnalabsAnalabs (Woodhouse) Australia’s first commercial provider of (Woodhouse) Australia’s first commercial provider of

Petroleum Geochemistry servicesPetroleum Geochemistry services

AmdelAmdel (Dave (Dave McKirdyMcKirdy), ), AnalabsAnalabs and Robertson Research and Robertson Research provide source rock studies for Australian & NZ Basins & provide source rock studies for Australian & NZ Basins & help promote Australian exploration acreage help promote Australian exploration acreage

19901990Takeover of Takeover of AnalabsAnalabs Oil & Gas to form Geotechnical ServicesOil & Gas to form Geotechnical ServicesSpecialisedSpecialised studies provided by AGSO & CSIROstudies provided by AGSO & CSIRO

Garry Woodhouse working on the first WAIT mass spectrometerGarry Woodhouse working on the first WAIT mass spectrometer

Alexander et al, 1983- The geochemistry of some biodegraded Australian oils Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal

W.A.I.T (Petroleum and Environmental Organic W.A.I.T (Petroleum and Environmental Organic Geochemistry) 1980Geochemistry) 1980--1981 now Curtin University1981 now Curtin University

PPetroleum and etroleum and EEnvironmental nvironmental OOrganic rganic GGeochemistryeochemistryPEOG PIONEERSPEOG PIONEERS

“Two Bobs”“Two Bobs”-- Professors Robert Alexander and Robert Professors Robert Alexander and Robert KagiKagi

Archie Douglas quote “ the more elegant one and the hairy one!!”Archie Douglas quote “ the more elegant one and the hairy one!!”

Novel saturated and aromatic higher plant biomarkersNovel saturated and aromatic higher plant biomarkersin sediments and crude oilsin sediments and crude oils

Ron Noble c 1983 OG papers of 1984, 1985Ron Noble c 1983 OG papers of 1984, 1985•• Identification ofIdentification of DrimanesDrimanes•• Identification of 4Identification of 4αα(H)(H)--EudesmanesEudesmanes-- biomarkers for higher biomarkers for higher

plantsplants•• Conifer resin biomarkers Conifer resin biomarkers --diterpanesditerpanes-- isoprimaraneisoprimarane and and

phyllocladanesphyllocladanes•• BBisnorhopaneisnorhopane, , trisnorhopanetrisnorhopane and 25and 25--norhopanes Australian norhopanes Australian

shalesshalesAromatic hydrocarbons from higher plants, examplesAromatic hydrocarbons from higher plants, examples

•• Diagenesis of Diagenesis of phyllocladanephyllocladane in coals (Alexander et al., GCA, in coals (Alexander et al., GCA, 1987) 1987)

•• Proposed pathways formation of 6Proposed pathways formation of 6--IsopropylIsopropyl--22--methylmethyl--11--(4(4--methylpentyl)naphthalene (Ellis et al., GCA, 1996).methylpentyl)naphthalene (Ellis et al., GCA, 1996).

PostPost--doc John doc John VolkmanVolkmanCrude oils ranked (1Crude oils ranked (1--10) based on biodegradation susceptibility10) based on biodegradation susceptibilityof hydrocarbons (of hydrocarbons (VolkmanVolkman et al., OG 1984)et al., OG 1984)--Carnarvon and Carnarvon and

Gippsland Basins (Australia). The Table of Biodegradation.Gippsland Basins (Australia). The Table of Biodegradation.

PostPost--doc Steve Rowlanddoc Steve Rowland-- AlkylnaphthaleneAlkylnaphthalene isomers (Rowland et al., OG, 1986)isomers (Rowland et al., OG, 1986)

Others……..Others……..–– AlkylbiphenylAlkylbiphenyl isomers (isomers (TrolioTrolio et al., OG, 1999)et al., OG, 1999)–– AlkylnaphthaleneAlkylnaphthalene isomers (Fisher et al., WABS, 1998)isomers (Fisher et al., WABS, 1998)–– Diamondoids (Grice et al., OG, 2000)Diamondoids (Grice et al., OG, 2000)–– MethylretenesMethylretenes ((BastowBastow et al., OG, 2001 )et al., OG, 2001 )

Pioneers of Biodegradation (1980’sPioneers of Biodegradation (1980’s--1990’s)1990’s)

19931993-- The Applied Research Medal The Applied Research Medal ––RACIRACIawarded to Robert Alexander and Robert awarded to Robert Alexander and Robert KagiKagi

Presented by the president of the Presented by the president of the American Chemical Society to American Chemical Society to Prof. Robert AlexanderProf. Robert Alexander

2000 2000 -- Presentation of L.G. Weeks Medal Presentation of L.G. Weeks Medal at APPEAat APPEA

Melbourne UniversityMelbourne University

Professor Basil JohnsProfessor Basil Johns–– Roughly 50 honours and doctoral studentsRoughly 50 honours and doctoral students–– John John VolkmanVolkman, Peter Nichols, Frank , Peter Nichols, Frank GillanGillan, Geoff Perry, Geoff Perry–– Latrobe Latrobe ligniteslignites and and contemoprarycontemoprary marine sediments marine sediments

CSIRO MarineCSIRO Marinemarinemarine natural products natural products

John John VolkmanVolkmanPeter NicholsPeter NicholsAndy Andy RevilRevil

Rhys LeemingRhys LeemingStephanie BarrettStephanie Barrett

GA GA DunstanDunstanSue BlackburnSue Blackburn

Liz Sikes (AGSO)Liz Sikes (AGSO)Shirley JeffreyShirley Jeffrey

CSIRO MarineCSIRO Marine

John John VolkmanVolkmanFirst paper: First paper: VolkmanVolkman J. K. and J. K. and

Johns R. B. (1977) The Johns R. B. (1977) The geochemical significance of geochemical significance of positional isomers of unsaturated positional isomers of unsaturated fatty acids from an fatty acids from an intertidalintertidalzone sediment. zone sediment. NatureNature 267, 693267, 693--694.694.

C30

n-C21:6

phytol

Volkman J. K., Barrett S. M. and Dunstan G. A. (1994). C25 and C30highly branched isoprenoid alkenes in laboratory cultures of twomarine diatoms. Organic Geochemistry 21, 407-413.

R130:5

R230:5

R330:5

R430:6

R530:6?

Rhizosolenia setigera CS-389/1Neutral lipids TMS

C30C30

n-C21:6

phytol

Volkman J. K., Barrett S. M. and Dunstan G. A. (1994). C25 and C30highly branched isoprenoid alkenes in laboratory cultures of twomarine diatoms. Organic Geochemistry 21, 407-413.

R130:5

R230:5

R330:5

R430:6

R530:6?

Rhizosolenia setigera CS-389/1Neutral lipids TMS

marine sediments marine sediments petroleum petroleum

biodegradation, biodegradation, alkenonesalkenones

lipids of lipids of microalgaemicroalgaeincl. diatom incl. diatom HBI’sHBI’s & &

sterols, sterols, tasmanitestasmanites

CSIRO MarineCSIRO Marine

Peter NicholsPeter Nichols–– marine oils marine oils –– substrates for aquaculturesubstrates for aquaculture–– lipid technologylipid technology–– lipids and healthlipids and health–– hydrothermal vent biotahydrothermal vent biota

BBGL, BMR, AGSO BBGL, BMR, AGSO GAGADavid McKirdy, Trevor Powell, Keith Jackson (70s)

Chris Boreham, Roger Summons, Chris Hoffman (80s)Dianne Edwards, Andrew Murray, Junhong Chen

Leslie Dowling, Graham Logan (90s)Liz Sikes (Antartica CRC)

Carolyn Sandison, Paul Greenwood (2000s)

Numerous students and postdoctoral visitors especially from Indiana University - Hieshima, Collister, Kenig, Logan, Chen, Padley (Edwards), Eigenbrode, Brocks

1970s Powell & McKirdyFirst classification of Australian & PNG oil families

Non-marine oilsPr/Ph

1980s Summons, Powell, Boreham & HoffmanBiomarkers - Aryl Isoprenoids (CSIA), 3-alkyl steranes, dinosteranes (Volkman)

cyclohexanes, metalloporphyrins, methyl hopanes (Jahnke)

Potential Source RocksCretaceous Toolebuc Formation, Proterozoic McArthur Basin: ‘World’s oldest oil’

1990s with Murray, Logan, Chen, Edwards, SandisonOils of Australia (GeoMark and AGSO)

Coastal bitumens and resinites : oceanic transport (McKirdy, Volkman)Isotopics of methanogenic archaea, methanotropic bacteria, cyanobacteria (Jahnke)

Age-diagnostic biomarkers (Thomas (OGU), Moldowan, Dahl, McCaffrey) Coals as source rocks for oil

Permo-Triassic boundary, 13C excursions in Kockatea Shale CSIA Tertiary lacustrine oil shales

CSIA of Australian and SE Asian oilsProterozoic Centralian Superbasin and Archean Pilbara (Brocks)


McKirdy and Horvath‘Best Paper Award’ APEA 1976


Stranding Patterns, Museum Specimens,age- & environment-diagnostic biomarkers discriminate SE Asian and localsources from Mesozoic black shale

Volkman et al 1992Summons et al 1993

Padley et al 1993McKirdy et al 1994

Edwards, McKirdy, Summons 1998


Origin

Destination

“Ocean Wanderer” oils

Alexander et al. 1994

Tim Curry120 stranded bitumens- west and south coasts of Western Australia, Seychelles, Christmas Island, Northern Territory and Tasmania.

GC-MS of biomarkers (e.g. bicadinanes/ oleananes) classified into eight groups and correlated with origins.

Samples of oil stranded on Western Australian beaches after the Kirki spill (1991) were wrongly attributed to the spill .

OceanOcean--Transported Transported ResinitesResinitesBulk Carbon Isotope Composition of Bulk Carbon Isotope Composition of

Modern & Fossil ResinsModern & Fossil ResinsMean +/Mean +/-- 1 SD1 SD

--34.034.0

--30.030.0

--26.026.0

--22.022.0

--18.018.0

-- 22.8 22.8 ‰‰

-- 25.5 25.5 ‰‰-- 27.3 27.3 ‰‰

-- 31.0 31.0 ‰‰

Class IClass I Class IIClass II

n = 13n = 13 n = 17n = 17 n = 18n = 18n = 31n = 31

‰‰

FossilFossil RecentRecent FossilFossil RecentRecent

Bulk Carbon Isotope Composition of Bulk Carbon Isotope Composition of Modern & Fossil ResinsModern & Fossil Resins

Mean +/Mean +/-- 1 SD1 SD

--34.034.0

--30.030.0

--26.026.0

--22.022.0

--18.018.0

-- 22.8 22.8 ‰‰

-- 25.5 25.5 ‰‰-- 27.3 27.3 ‰‰

-- 31.0 31.0 ‰‰

Class IClass I Class IIClass II

n = 13n = 13 n = 17n = 17 n = 18n = 18n = 31n = 31

‰‰

FossilFossil RecentRecent FossilFossil RecentRecentFossilFossil RecentRecent FossilFossil RecentRecent

Murray et al., 1994, 1997, 1998

Janet Hope

APPEA Journal, 2001

Chris Boreham

Birgitta Hartung-Kagi

Neoproterozoic biogeochemistryNeoproterozoic biogeochemistry

Sedimentary Sedimentary products derive products derive from multiple from multiple sourcessources

Logan, Hayes, Hieshima, and Summons, Nature 376, 53-56 (1995)


13C inn-alkanesrelative toisoprenoidsEnrichedDepleted


Nature 376, 53, 1995GCA 61, 5391, 1997

PermianPermian--Triassic biogeochemistryTriassic biogeochemistry∆δ = (average of δ13C n-C17 + n-C18) - (average of δ13C pristane + phytane)

‰

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Late Permian

Early Triassic

autotrophy

depth metres

heterotrophy

Kliti Grice Hovea-3 Perth Basin

Abnormal Isotopic Ordering of n-alkanes vs isoprenoids

PermianPermian--Triassic biogeochemistryTriassic biogeochemistry

Trends in Trends in δδ1313C & C & redoxredox indicatorsindicators

PTB PTB MeishanMeishan ChinaChina

CaoCao, Love, Jin et al, Love, Jin et al

Grice et al, Science 307, 706, 2005Grice et al, Science 307, 706, 2005Perth Basin

South China

250 Ma

Australian Organic Geochemistry Australian Organic Geochemistry conferencesconferences

## DateDate PlacePlace ChairChair½½.. 19861986 MelbourneMelbourne Basil Johns (Basil Johns (informal)informal)1.1. 19881988 MelbourneMelbourne Basil JohnsBasil Johns2.2. 19911991 MelbourneMelbourne Basil JohnsBasil Johns3.3. 19931993 SydneySydney Barry BattsBarry Batts4.4. 19951995 AdelaideAdelaide David McKirdyDavid McKirdy5.5. 19961996 FremantleFremantle Bob AlexanderBob Alexander6.6. 19981998 CanberraCanberra Roger SummonsRoger Summons7.7. 20002000 TownsvilleTownsville Kathy BurnsKathy Burns8.8. 20022002 HobartHobart John John VolkmanVolkman & Peter Nichols& Peter Nichols9.9. 20042004 LeuraLeura Simon George (with IHSS)Simon George (with IHSS)10.10. 20062006 Perth Perth Curtin University TeamCurtin University Team

geochemistry of beer

geochemistry of wine

too busy talking?

AOGC MedalsAOGC Medals

John Smith John Smith 19911991

Basil Johns Basil Johns 19931993

Trevor Powell Trevor Powell 19951995

David McKirdyDavid McKirdy19961996

AOGC MedalsAOGC Medals

Robert Alexander Robert Alexander 19981998

Barry Batts Barry Batts 20002000

Roger SummonsRoger Summons20022002

John Volkman John Volkman 20042004

Presentation of AOGC medal 2004 Presentation of AOGC medal 2004 by Bob Alexander to John Volkmanby Bob Alexander to John Volkman

International AwardsInternational AwardsKlitiKliti GriceGrice

EAOG Pieter Schenck Award EAOG Pieter Schenck Award 20012001

John SmithJohn SmithGeochemical SocietyGeochemical SocietyAlfred E Alfred E TreibsTreibs Award 2001Award 2001

Roger Summons Roger Summons Geochemical Society Geochemical Society Alfred E Alfred E TreibsTreibs Award 2003Award 2003

Education and TrainingEducation and TrainingUniversity of Adelaide University of Adelaide –– David David McKirdyMcKirdy–– Organic geochemistry for Organic geochemistry for

undergrads/undergrads/honshons in Geology in Geology Department since 1987 (unique) Department since 1987 (unique)

–– Notable graduates: Notable graduates: •• Dianne Edwards (GA)Dianne Edwards (GA)•• KhaledKhaled Al Al ArouriArouri (University UAE) (University UAE) •• Mohammad Mohammad KamaliKamali-- Head Head GeochemGeochem, ,

National Iranian Oil Co. National Iranian Oil Co. •• MeshackMeshack KagyaKagya (Tanzanian (Tanzanian

Petroleum Corporation) Petroleum Corporation) --first of his first of his countrymen to hold a PhD in any countrymen to hold a PhD in any disciplinediscipline

•• Stephen Pell, Jamie BurgessStephen Pell, Jamie Burgess•• Bernd Bernd MichaelsenMichaelsen, ,

Education and TrainingEducation and Training

Curtin University Curtin University ––Bob Alexander, Bob Bob Alexander, Bob KagiKagiand and KlitiKliti Grice 30+ PhD graduatesGrice 30+ PhD graduates

–– Garry WoodhouseGarry Woodhouse–– Ron Noble, Mark CumbersRon Noble, Mark Cumbers–– Tim Curry, Leroy Ellis, Alf Tim Curry, Leroy Ellis, Alf LarcherLarcher–– RinoRino TrolioTrolio, Steve Fisher, Trevor , Steve Fisher, Trevor BastowBastow–– Ben Wharton, Dennis Ben Wharton, Dennis JiangJiang–– Mike Mike AudinoAudino, Carolyn , Carolyn NorgateNorgate, Anna , Anna HeitzHeitz–– Andrew Murray Andrew Murray –– at AGSO and Curtinat AGSO and Curtin

Education and TrainingEducation and TrainingMelbourne University Melbourne University –– Basil JohnsBasil Johns–– Roughly 50 honours MSc & doctoral studentsRoughly 50 honours MSc & doctoral students–– OlafOlaf OnderOnder (mangrove lipids in sediments)(mangrove lipids in sediments)–– John John MacGregorMacGregor (photochemistry)(photochemistry)–– John K. John K. VolkmanVolkman (Recent sediments and (Recent sediments and

biomarkers)biomarkers)–– Frank T. Frank T. GillanGillan (Recent sediments and (Recent sediments and

biomarkers)biomarkers)–– Geoff J. Perry (coal)Geoff J. Perry (coal)–– T. Vincent T. Vincent VerheyenVerheyen (coal)(coal)–– Peter D. Nichols (Recent sediments and Peter D. Nichols (Recent sediments and

biomarkers)biomarkers)–– Philip M. Shaw (Recent sediments and Philip M. Shaw (Recent sediments and

biomarkers)biomarkers)–– Brett R Currie (Recent sediments and Brett R Currie (Recent sediments and

biomarkers)biomarkers)

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Rob Birtles, CSIRO archives, CanberraRob Birtles, CSIRO archives, CanberraJohn Smith: more old photosJohn Smith: more old photosJochen Brocks: photos from AOGC 2004Jochen Brocks: photos from AOGC 2004Chris Chris BorehamBoreham, David , David McKirdyMcKirdy, Basil , Basil Johns, Mick Wilson, John Johns, Mick Wilson, John VolkmanVolkman, , Peter Nichols and Peter Nichols and BirgittaBirgitta HartungHartung--KagiKagi: : photos and other materialsphotos and other materials

Ben van Ben van AarssenAarssen (previously Delft)/ (previously Delft)/ Trevor Trevor BastowBastow (now CSIRO)(now CSIRO)

MethylationMethylation of Naphthalenesof Naphthalenes

1,2,5- 1,2,6-

+ +

1,2,5- 1,2,5- 1,2,5,7-2,5- = 1,6-

Ben and Trevor enjoying organic geochemistry at IMOG 2001 in

Nancy

Methyl shifts and methyl transfers, Methyl shifts and methyl transfers, catalysedcatalysed by acid or clay determine by acid or clay determine much of the aromatic hydrocarbon much of the aromatic hydrocarbon distributions. distributions.

Van Van AarssenAarssen et al Org et al Org GeochemGeochem 19991999BastowBastow et al, Org et al, Org GeochemGeochem 20002000

Current Teams and ActivitiesCurrent Teams and Activities

WA State Centre for Applied Organic Geochemistry

CAOG

• Curtin University, WA State Government, Woodside Petroleum Water Corporation and UWA

• 9 Researchers and 11 Postgraduate students at Curtin and 7 Academic staff and 11 Postgraduate students at UWA

http://caog.chemistry.curtin.edu.au/staff.html

Some other charactersSome other characters

Herbert Volk, Bob Kagi,Herbert Volk, Bob Kagi, Cameron McIntyreCameron McIntyre

CSIRO geochemistry group nowCSIRO geochemistry group nowLinda Stalker, Manzur Ahmed, Stephen Sestak,Linda Stalker, Manzur Ahmed, Stephen Sestak,Robinson Quezada, Simon George, Herbert VolkRobinson Quezada, Simon George, Herbert Volk

CameronCameronMcIntyreMcIntyre Jenny SmithJenny Smith

David FuentesDavid FuentesJohn SmithJohn Smith

AOGC 2004: LeuraAOGC 2004: Leura

Janet Hope and Chris Janet Hope and Chris BorehamBoreham

Jimmy Hu, Craig Marshall, Kliti, TJJimmy Hu, Craig Marshall, Kliti, TJ

Simon George, John Smith & Mick Simon George, John Smith & Mick WilsonWilson

Suzanne McDonald, Aija Mee, Karen Suzanne McDonald, Aija Mee, Karen MacKenzieMacKenzie

1994: AutoSpec GC1994: AutoSpec GC--MS investmentMS investment3 installed (AGSO, CSIRO, Curtin Uni.)3 installed (AGSO, CSIRO, Curtin Uni.)

Getting an AutoSpec into a buildingGetting an AutoSpec into a buildingcan be hard (CSIRO, North Ryde)can be hard (CSIRO, North Ryde)

Good instrumentation helpsGood instrumentation helps

CSIRO AutoSpec GCCSIRO AutoSpec GC--MSMS--MSMSRobinson Quezada, operatorRobinson Quezada, operator

CSIRO Finnigan MAT252CSIRO Finnigan MAT252Linda StalkerLinda Stalker

19941994-- at the award of the Applied Research Medalsat the award of the Applied Research Medals

D/H exchange reactionsD/H exchange reactions

Alf Alf LarcherLarcher

Alexander et al., OG 1984Alexander et al., OG 1984-- Clay catalysis Clay catalysis of alkyl hydrogen exchange reactions of alkyl hydrogen exchange reactions ––reaction mechanisms.reaction mechanisms.

19921992-- AAAPG meeting AAAPG meeting Out in Melbourne Out in Melbourne –– having a chardonnay/Beer!having a chardonnay/Beer!Basil Johns, Robert Alexander, Roger SummonsBasil Johns, Robert Alexander, Roger Summons

1995 Australian Organic Geochemistry 1995 Australian Organic Geochemistry Barossa Valley, SABarossa Valley, SA

2002- WA State Centre for Applied Organic Geochemistry CAOG

• State Government, Curtin, Woodside Petroleum, Water Corporation and UWA

• 9 Researchers and 11 Postgraduate students at Curtin and 7 Academic staff and 11 Postgraduate students at UWA

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