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Thematic Essay Review
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August 2012
June 2011
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Tasks Simply Put
• Describe what was going on before the technology was developed and what the technology was.
• Discuss the impact that the technology had
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Printing Press• Before: Hand copied books• Invented by Gutenberg • Influenced by Chinese use of block
printing• Rapid spread of knowledge and ideas • Increased literacy and supply of books • Individuals challenged authority• Contributed to the spread of Protestant
Reformation
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Factory System
• Before: Goods made at home and by hand • Goods began to be made in factories • Started in textile industry • First developed in England • Increased supply of goods • Goods made faster and cheaper • Child labor • Pollution • Led to urbanization as people moved into
cities
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Tasks Simply Put
• Describe what was going on before. • What did the person do?• What was the person’s impact?
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Martin Luther• Before: Catholic Church was dominate religious
force in Europe• Before: Religious unity in Europe• Luther was angered by corruption in Church and
sale of indulgences• Wrote the 95 Theses • Challenged Church’s authority • Ideas spread by Printing Press • Led to the Protestant Reformation • Lack of Religious unity in Europe Other forms of
Christianity formed • Religious wars in Europe broke out
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Gandhi • Before: India was controlled by Britain• British killing of unarmed protestors at the
Amritsar Massacre increased calls for Indian independence
• Gandhi became leader of the Indian independence movement
• Supported peaceful, civil disobedience• Non-violent protest • Use of boycotts • Salt March • Homespum movement • Helped gain independence for India • Influenced civil rights and independence
movements around the world
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August 2009
June 2008
Theme: Belief Systems
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Tasks Simply Put
• What were the key beliefs? • What impacts did the belief system
have?
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Hinduism • Religion started in India• No single founder• Caste System • Reincarnation of the soul• Karma • Dharma= religious and social obligations of your
caste• Ultimate goal is to reach Moksha • Ataman (soul) + Braham (universal spirit) =
Moksha • Caste System became the social class system of
India • Untouchables were discriminated against
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Confucianism• Philosophy developed in China • Developed by Confucius• Wrote The Analects • The Five Relationships – Ruler to Subject – Father to Son – Husband to Wife – Older Brother to Younger Brother – Friend to Friend
• Following the Five Relationships would create social order and harmony
• Filial Piety
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Confucianism
• Valued education over punishment• Influenced Chinese Civil Service
Exams • Valued good government – Allowed for social mobility
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Theme: Change-Leaders/Ideas
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Tasks Simply Put
• Provide some background on what was going on when the idea was developed?
• What were the ideas? • What influence did the idea(s) have?
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John Locke• Before: Absolute monarchs ruled without the consent
of the people• Before: Scientific revolution began to challenge
traditional ideas • Enlightenment philosophers began to use reason to
understand natural law• Wrote the Two Treatises on Government• Believed all people born with natural rights • Life, liberty , property • Governments needed to rule with the consent of the
people• People had the right to overthrow gov’t that didn’t
protect natural rights • Influenced leaders of American, French, and Latin
American Revolutions
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Mandela• Apartheid in South Africa segregated Blacks
from Whites• Apartheid was created to keep Whites
(Afrikaners) in power in S. Africa • only Whites could vote• Blacks forced to live in reserves or poor urban
areas known townships• Nelson Mandela became the leader of the
African National Congress – Fought to end apartheid – Was arrested and held in prison for 27 years
• Mandela Became the symbol of the fight against apartheid
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Mandela
• International sanctions led by Bishop Desmond Tutu began to hurt S. Africa
• F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison and allowed Blacks to vote
• Apartheid ended • Mandela elected President of S.
Africa
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Theme: Human Rights Abuses
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Tasks Simply Put
• Provide some background on events that contributed to the event?
• What happened? • What attempts were made to correct
the violation or hold people responsible
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The Holocaust• Hitler and Nazis scapegoated Jews for
problems faced by Germany after WWI • Hitler discussed his anti-Semitic views in
Mein Kampf • German Anti-Semitism led to Kristallnacht– Night of the Broken Glass – Jewish businesses and homes attacked and
vandalized
• Hitler passed the Nuremburg Laws to take away rights of Jews in Germany
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The Holocaust• Hitler and Nazis developed the “final
solution” – Planned genocide of European Jews
• Established concentration camps to kill European Jews
• Holocaust resulted in the death of 6 million Jews
• Nuremburg Trials placed Nazi officials on trial for human rights violations and genocide for the first time – Sent message that individuals would be held
responsible for war crime and genocide
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Apartheid in South Africa
• Before: Apartheid in South Africa segregated Blacks from Whites
• Before: Apartheid was created to keep Whites (Afrikaners) in power in S. Africa
• Before: only Whites could vote• Police kill protestors during Sharpsville Massacre
• Nelson Mandela became the leader of the
African National Congress • Fought to end apartheid • Was arrested and held in prison for 27 years• Became the symbol of the fight against S. Africa
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Apartheid in South Africa
• International sanctions led by Bishop Desmond Tutu began to hurt S. Africa
• F.W. de Klerk released Mandela from prison and allowed Blacks to vote
• Apartheid ended • Mandela elected President of S. Africa• Truth and Reconciliation Commission to
deal with abuses during apartheid
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Theme: Revolution
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Theme: Political Revolution
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French Revolution
• Enlightenment Ideas• Economic problems caused by Louis
14th spending– Built the Palace of Versailles
• Weak leadership of King Louis XVI • Social Inequalities– 1st and 2nd estates controlled wealth and
paid almost no taxes – 3rd Estate paid all the taxes and was 97
% of the population
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French Revolution
• Food shortages and inflation sparked protests
• Storming of the Bastille • Meeting of the estates general called • 3rd estate made the Tennis Court Oath – Refused to leave until a new gov’t was
created
• Declaration of Rights on Man ended the monarchy & established a republic
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French Revolution• Execution of King Louis 16th and Queen
Maria Antoinette • Robespierre led the Reign of Terror– Attempted to purge France of “enemies of the
revolution” – Thousands violently killed in the guillotine
• Influenced Latin American revolutions• Increased nationalism in France• Spread of democratic ideas• Led to the rise of Napoleon