Attributing Contract Cheating Through The Turnitin Text Matching Service - Birmingham City...
-
Upload
thomas-lancaster -
Category
Education
-
view
318 -
download
0
Transcript of Attributing Contract Cheating Through The Turnitin Text Matching Service - Birmingham City...
1#contractcheating
Attributing Contract Cheating Through the Turnitin Text
Matching ServiceDr. Thomas Lancaster and Robert Clarke
RESCON 2014
Monday, 15 December 2014
2#contractcheating
Our Involvement With Research Into Academic Integrity
Dr. Thomas Lancaster
Senior Lecturer in Computing
Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
PhD “Effective And Efficient Plagiarism Detection”
Programme Leader BSc Computer Science
Robert Clarke
Educational Consultant at SCL
Visiting Lecturer/Former Principal Lecturer
30 Years Experience Teaching At BCU
Has Collected Over 25,000 Attempts By Students Worldwide At Contract Cheating
3#contractcheating
Working Definition Of Contract Cheating
A student uses a third party to have a bespokepiece of assessed work created for them
4#contractcheating
Some Of The Sources A Student May Use For Contract Cheating
5#contractcheating
Nothing New… Just Easier…
Observation From Student Taking Courses At Santa Monica College In 1998
“Class would be at 9 a.m. Papers were promised for before class, and students would wait on the front steps of the building. The guy would come and call [the students'] names, handing out papers in front of the building!”
http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=CRS19950531.2.2
6#contractcheating
The Challenge Of Contract Cheating = Attribution
BBC South East Today – 9 September 2014
Contract Cheating produces original work, so we would not expect attempts to be attributed when running work through the Turnitin text matching service
7#contractcheating
More Formal Definition Of Attribution
The challenging process where a contract cheating detective tries to identify the university that student requests for contract cheating found online are fromMost of our research is based around the Freelancer.com agency site
This provides a visible request from a student to have an assignment completed on their behalf
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2012). Dealing With Contract Cheating: A Question Of Attribution; 1st Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Imperial College, London, April 2012.
8#contractcheating
Some Success
Running the information that a student supplies when requesting original work through Turnitin has started to show interesting results for a small number cases
107 out of 369 (29.0%) of requests that could not be manually attributed by a contract cheating detective, were found through trace evidence when running the information supplied by a student through Turnitin
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014), Using Turnitin As A Tool For Attribution In Cases Of Contract Cheating; 3rd Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, April 2014.
9#contractcheating
Turnitin Example #1 Of Successful Attribution
Large match to assignment brief
10#contractcheating
Turnitin Example #2 Of Successful Attribution
Multiple small hits from the same source
11#contractcheating
Turnitin Example #3 Of (Delayed) Successful Attribution
No matches when first posted
But received request to view from another university when it matched one of
their assignments 2 months later
12#contractcheating
Turnitin Example #4 Of Failed Attribution
Multiple sources for
EdExcel courses
Example of
“false positive” matches
More examples at http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster/lancaster-clarke-stemcontractcheatingpresentation
13#contractcheating
Recommendations For Students And Staff
Student Recommendation - Turnitin needs to continue to be used by default to check all student work at Birmingham City University
Supports and protects our students
Ensures that hard working students are not disadvantaged for employability when compared with students who may “get away” with cheating
Helps to build up the national database of assessments needed for attribution
Staff Recommendation - Academics should load all of their assignment briefs into Turnitin
15#contractcheating
References For Our Contract Cheating Work
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2015), Contract Cheating – The Outsourcing Of Assessed Student Work, in Handbook of Academic Integrity, Bretag, T. (editor): SpringerReference.
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014), An Observational Analysis Of The Range And Extent Of Contract Cheating From Online Courses Found On Agency Websites; 8th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS 2014), Birmingham City University, UK, July 2014.
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014), An Initial Analysis Of The Contextual Information Available Within Auction Posts On Contract Cheating Agency Websites, 28th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, University of Victoria, May 2014
Lancaster, T. and Clarke, R. (2014), Using Turnitin As A Tool For Attribution In Cases Of Contract Cheating; 3rd Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, April 2014.
Clarke, R. and Lancaster, T. (2013). Commercial Aspects Of Contract Cheating; 8th Annual Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK, July 2013.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2012). Dealing With Contract Cheating: A Question Of Attribution; 1st Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Imperial College, London, April 2012.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2010). Staff-Led Individualised Assessment – A Case Study; 11th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and Computer Sciences, Durham University, August 2010.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2008). How to Succeed at Cheating Without Really Trying: Five Top Tips for Successful Cheating; 9th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and Computer Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, August 2008.
Clarke, R, and Lancaster, T (2007). Establishing a Systematic Six-Stage Process for Detecting Contract Cheating; The Second International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications, Birmingham City University, July 2007.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2007). Assessing Contract Cheating Through Auction Sites – A Computing Perspective; 8th Annual Higher Education Academy Conference in Information and Computer Sciences, University of Southampton, August 2007.
Lancaster, T and Clarke, R (2007) The Phenomena of Contract Cheating, in Student Plagiarism in an Online World: Problems and solutions, Roberts, T. S. (editor), Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA: Idea Group Inc.
Clarke, R and Lancaster, T (2006). Eliminating The Successor To Plagiarism? Identifying The Usage Of Contract Cheating Sites; 2nd Plagiarism: Prevention, Practice and Policy Conference 2006 - Newcastle, UK, June 2006.
16#contractcheating
For More Information
General Resources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_cheating
http://contractcheating.com
Contract Cheating Special Interest Group (supported by the Higher Education Academy):
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=CONTRACTCHEATING
Slides Available At:
http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster
17#contractcheating
Our Contact Details
Thomas Lancaster
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://thomaslancaster.co.uk
Twitter: @DrLancaster
Robert Clarke
Email: [email protected]