Attitudes to Democracy and Markets In Nigeria, November...
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ETHIOPIA Urban resettlement brief 2 Moving to Condominium Housing: Views on the Prospect among Children and their Families The urban landscape in Ethiopia is currently undergoing a fundamental transformation, with whole neighbourhoods in the centre of major cities being cleared for urban development. The urban renewal programmes have the twin objectives of promoting urban growth and providing improved housing for the urban poor. On the one hand, the clearing of areas without high-value buildings is viewed by developers as freeing urban space for the construction of office blocks, shopping centres and real-estate development. On the other hand, low-cost housing condominium apartments are being constructed by the government and offered to urban residents who were living in the areas that are being demolished and who can afford the down-payment and subsequent monthly payments. Some of these condominiums are close to these central areas that are being redeveloped and a larger number are being constructed on the outskirts of the city. This summary reports on a study carried out with families in four urban communities (three in Addis Ababa and one in Hawassa, the capital of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region) that are due to be resettled when a planned redevelopment of these parts of the city centres starts. It provides baseline data on the views of children and their families about condominium housing prior to the planned move and will provide important evidence to compare with experiences of the respondents after the relocation. Despite the desire of most caregivers and children to live in condominiums, many of them acknowledge that they will not be able to afford the costs which raises important questions about the viability of these low-cost housing schemes for the urban poor and suggests the need to reconsider ways of addressing their needs. The indications from our interviews with the few households who have already moved raise issues concerning the need to consider income generation, employment and services, notably education, alongside low-cost housing schemes. Background Young Lives has been working with children in 8 urban and 12 rural communities in Ethiopia since 2002. In two of the central sites in Addis Ababa (Bertukan and Menderin) 1 and one in Hawassa (Leku), residents have been told some time ago that they would have to move. The planned redevelopment and relocation was mentioned as a concern for families during the third round of our household survey in 2009, even though the exact timing is still unknown. The fourth site, Duba, is on the outskirts of Addis Ababa. Relocation does not seem to be a major concern here, but we included this site for contrast as a ‘control’ site to purposes of comparison. However, the main road out of town may stimulate investment, leading to some displacement. We visited the four communities in January 2012 and interviewed 466 caregivers and 451 children (almost 16% of all Young Lives children in Ethiopia and 40% of those living in urban areas). Of the 451 children, 299 (64%) are among the Younger Cohort (aged between 11 and 12 years old at the time), and 152 (36%) are among the Older Cohort (aged between 17 and 18). Of the total, 232 (51%) are girls and 219 (49%) are boys. We also carried out in-depth interviews with 79 children and their caregivers, 10 boys and 10 girls in each of the four sites. In Bertukan and Leku, which are sites where we conduct our core longitudinal qualitative research, we interviewed the children who are part of that sub-sample (although one boy in Bertukan had moved and could not be located). In Duba and Menderin, a qualitative sub-sample was generated from the main survey sample. The selection criteria included the wealth quintile of the household, home ownership, and other social categories such as religion and ethnicity, in an attempt to include a mix of different groups and equal numbers of boys and girls from both cohorts. Interviews were also conducted with representatives from formal and customary institutions in each community. Focus group discussions were conducted in separate groups for boys and girls for each cohort, and were also held with their caregivers and with community representatives. www.younglives-ethiopia.org NOVEMBER 2013 1 The children and their families share a great deal of personal information with us over many years. For this reason, pseudonyms have been used – both for the children mentioned here and for their communities – to preserve anonymity.
Transcript of Attitudes to Democracy and Markets In Nigeria, November...
Attitudes to Democracy and Markets In Nigeria, November-December, 1999
Data Codebook
From data gathered by: Research and Marketing Services (RMS) survey teams
Prepared by:
Cheryl Coslow Michigan State University
October 2002
The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) 6 Spin Street, Church Square 14 West Airport Residential Area Department of Political Science
Cape Town 8001, South Africa P.O. Box 404, Legon-Accra, Ghana East Lansing, Michigan 48824 27 21 461 2559•fax: 27 21 461 2589 233 21 776 142•fax: 233 21 763 028 517 353 3377•fax: 517 432 1091 Mattes ([email protected]) Gyimah-Boadi ([email protected]) Bratton ([email protected])
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Michigan State University
Attitudes to Democracy and Markets
Data Codebook
Prepared by:
Cheryl Coslow
From data gathered by:
Research and Marketing Services (RMS) survey teams
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Question Number: -- Question: Respondent number. Variable Label: respno Values: 1-1329, 1340-3613 Value Labels: Source: Notes: Assigned by survey managers. Question Number: -- Question: Primary sampling unit. Variable Label: PSU Values: 1-60 Value Labels: 1=Lagos, 2=Ikorodu, 3=Ibadan, 4=Ikire, 5=Egbeda, 6=Abeokuta, 7=Igbo-Ora, 8=Idere, 9=Ondo, 10=Owena, 11=Idanre, 12=Aba, 13=Ikot-Ekpene, 14=Onicha Ngwa, 15=Enugu, 16=Aguobu-owa, 17=Eke, 18=Nsukka, 19=Ibagwa, 20=Obukpa, 21=Benin, 22=Sapele, 23=Ologbo, 24=Port Harcourt, 25=Rumuodamaya, 26=Rukpokwu, 27=Warri, 28=Ughelli, 29=Agbara, 30=Yenagoa, 31=Ilorin, 32=Afon, 33=Laduba, 34=Minna, 35=Kuta, 36=Che/Gunu, 37=Gboko, 38=Buruku, 39=Kyado, 40=Abuja, 41=Kwali, 42=Giri, 43=Kano, 44=Dawakin-kudu, 45=Tsakuwa fanfala nafiamariya dafan, 46=Sokoto, 47=Wamakko, 48=Asari/Wajeke, 49=Katsina, 50=Rimi, 51=Lambar Rimi/Abukur, 52=Maiduguri, 53=Konduga, 54=Malali, 55=Jos, 56=Bukuru, 57=Bisiehi, 58=Bauchi, 59=Katagun, 60=Turum Source: Notes: Question Number: -- Question: How many members are there in your household? Variable Label: hhold Values: 0-66 Value Labels: Source: Notes: Question Number: -- Question: Among these members, how many children are there below 18 years of age? Variable Label: children Values: 0-24 Value Labels: Source: Notes: Question Number: -- Question: Date of interview. Variable Label: date Values: 01/21/2000 – 02/07/2000 Value Labels: Source: Notes: Entered by interviewer. Question Number: -- Question: What is the respondent’s gender? Variable Label: Sex of Respondent Values: 1-2, Value Labels: 1=male, 2=female Source: Notes: Entered by interviewer. Question Number: 1
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Question: How old were you at your last birthday? Variable Label: Age Values: 18+ Value Labels: Source: Notes: Question Number: 2 Question: Which Nigerian language do you speak most often? Variable Label: Nigerian language Values: 1-87 Value Labels: 1=Hausa, 2=Yoruba, 3=Ibo, 4=Tiv, 5=Ijaw, 6=Nupe, 7=Kanuri, 8=Ibibio-Efik, 9=Edo, 10=Others, 11=Irobo/Urhobo, 12=Idoma, 13=Calabar, 14=Ogoja, 15=Knale, 16=Igala, 17=Boki, 18=Igbira, 19=Ikpon, 20=Isoko, 21=Ikan, 22=Ishan/Esan, 23=Anam, 24=Annang, 25=Itsekiri, 26=Ika, 27=Ukwale, 28=Epie, 29=Tangoa, 30=Omuku, 31=Ora, 32=Auchi, 33=Okirika, 34=Esako, 35=Okpe, 36=Owan, 37=Ikwerre, 38=Ibani, 39=Kalabari, 40=Ogoni, 41=Akassa, 42=Etche, 43=Beriberi, 44=Fulani, 45=Kagoro, 46=Bekwarr, 47=Nkwana, 48=Babur, 49=Kiiba, 50=Nungu, 51=Kabba/Koro, 52=Eggon, 53=Kuba, 54=Madara, 55=Bura, 56=Margi, 57=Cabarmawa, 58=Kibaku, 59=Mafa, 60=Beron/Birom, 61=Angas, 62=Iregwe, 63=Afizere, 64=Koro, 65=Normana, 66=Miango, 67=Gyerawa, 68=Eterco, 69=Zar, 70=Lantan, 71=Mwaghauw, 72=Pyem, 73=Chawai, 74=Gbaji, 75=Nanba/Wanba, 76=Jarawa, 77=Katub, 78=Tangale, 79=Waja, 80=Kanuri, 81=Jukun, 82=Bayam, 83=Shuwa Arab, 84=Ndochi, 85=Kare Kare, 86=Gwari, 87=Rukuba Source: Notes: Question Number: 3A Question: Can you understand spoken English? Variable Label: Understand English Values: 0, 1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Zambia 96 Notes: This question is asked only if the interview is conducted in a local language. If the interview is conducted in English, then the code box was filled in without asking the question. Question Number: 3B Question: Can you read and write in English? Variable Label: Read/write English Values: 0, 1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Zambia 96 Notes: This question is asked only if the interview is conducted in a local language. If the interview is conducted in English, then the code box was filled in without asking the question. Question Number: 4 Question: How much education have you had? Variable Label: Education Values: 1-10, 99 Value Labels: 1= No formal schooling, 2 = Some primary schooling, 3 = Primary school completed, 4 = Some secondary school, 5 = Secondary school completed, 6 = Post-secondary qualifications, other than university, 7 = Some university, college, 8 = University, college completed, 9 = Post-graduate, 10 = Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 5 Question: What is your religion, if any? Variable Label: Religion Values: 0-6, 8-13
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Value Labels: 0 = None, 1 = Islam, 2 = Catholic, 3 = Protestant (mainstream), 4 = Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal), 5 = African independent Church, 6 = Traditional religion, 8 = A Christian, but doesn’t go to Church, 9 = Free Thinker/Free Man/Pagan, 10 = Brotherhood of the Star and Cross, 11 = Jehovah Witness, 12 = Ekankar, 13 = Others Source: new question Notes: Options not read out loud. Question Number: 6A Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: A. Church, Mosque, or religious organization. Variable Label: Church assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6B Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that type of organization?: B. Sport or recreation organization Variable Label: Sport/rec assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6C Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: C. Art, music, or educational organization Variable Label: Art/educ assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6D Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: D. Trade union/farmers organization Variable Label: Trade/Farmer’s assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6E Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: E. Professional or business organization Variable Label: Prof/business assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Notes: new question Question Number: 6F
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Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: F. Development association Variable Label: Devel. Assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number 6G Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: G. Women’s organization Variable Label: Women’s assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6H Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: H. Pro-democracy or human rights organization Variable Label: Democ. Assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6I Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: I. Environmental association Variable Label: Enviro. Assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6J Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: J. Charitable Organization Variable Label: Charitable assoc. Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 6K Question: Now I am going to read out a list of voluntary organizations. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member, or not a member of that organization?: K. Other (Specify) Variable Label: Others Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=Not a member, 1=Inactive Member, 2=Active Member Source: Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 7
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Question: Do you hold an official leadership position in any of these organizations? Variable Label: Assoc. leader Values: 0-1, 9 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 9=Not Applicable Source: Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 8 Question: What is your main occupation? Variable Label: Occupation Values: 0-15, 17-28, 99 Value Labels: 0=Unemployed, 1=Farmer/fisherman, 2=Informal Marketer, 3=Businessperson, 4=Clerical Worker/Sales Girl, 5=Artisan/Apprentice/Carpenter, 6=Domestic Worker, 7=Miner, 8=Technical Worker/Company Worker, 9=Teacher, 10=Government Worker, 11=NGO Worker, 12=Professional/Nurse/Accountant, 13=Retired, 14=Housewife, 15=Undergraduate Student, 17=Politician, 18=Religious Leader, 19=Transporter, 20=Security Worker, 21=Sportsman, 22=Mgm/Adm Church, 23=Traditional doctor/healer, 24=Manual Laborer, 25=Sand dealer, 26=Youth Corper , 27=Gadama, 28=Other [Specify], 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Options not read out loud. Question Number: 9 Question: In the past year, have you been unemployed (that is, without a cash job) at any time for a period of at least one month or more? Variable Label: Unemployed Values: 0-2 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 2=Don’t remember Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 10A Question: Considering ALL your economic activities (that is, your main occupation plus other things you do to earn money), do you currently: A. buy goods and sell goods? Variable Label: Buy and sell goods Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 10B Question: Considering ALL your economic activities (that is, your main occupation plus other things you do to earn money), do you currently: B: sell your skills or services to other people? Variable Label: Sell Skills Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 10C Question: Considering ALL your economic activities (that is, your main occupation plus other things you do to earn money), do you currently: C. employ other people to work for you? Variable Label: Employ others Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 10D
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Question: Considering ALL your economic activities (that is, your main occupation plus other things you do to earn money), do you currently: D. operate a bank or savings account? Variable Label: Operate bank account Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 10E Question: Considering ALL your economic activities (that is, your main occupation plus other things you do to earn money), do you currently: E. owe money that you have borrowed for business purposes? Variable Label: Owe money Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 11A Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have gone without: A. Food for your family? Variable Label: Without food Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=frequently, 3=always Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 11B Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have gone without: B. Water for domestic use? Variable Label: Without water Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=frequently, 3=always Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 11C Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have gone without: C. Schooling for children? Variable Label: Without school Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=frequently, 3=always Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 11D Question: Over the past year, how often, if ever, have gone without: D. Health care for your family? Variable Label: Without health care Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=frequently, 3=always Source: NDB Notes: Question Number:12A Question: To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: A. Food for your family? Variable Label: Turn food Values: 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=no-one, 1=kin, 2=local community or group, 3=private provision, 4=government provision, 5=Illicit provision, 9=not applicable
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Source: NDB Notes: Enumerator prompted if necessary. Question Number: 12B Question: To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: B. Water for domestic use? Variable Label: Turn water Values: 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=no-one, 1=kin, 2=local community or group, 3=private provision, 4=government provision, 5=Illicit provision, 9=not applicable Source: NDB Notes: Enumerator prompted if necessary. Question Number: 12C Question: To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: C. Schooling for children? Variable Label: Turn school Values: 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=no-one, 1=kin, 2=local community or group, 3=private provision, 4=government provision, 5=Illicit provision, 9=not applicable Source: NDB Notes: Enumerator prompted if necessary. Question Number: 12D Question: To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: D. Health care for your family? Variable Label: Turn health care Values: 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=no-one, 1=kin, 2=local community or group, 3=private provision, 4=government provision, 5=Illicit provision, 9=not applicable Source: NDB Notes: Enumerator prompted if necessary. Question Number:13A Question: How satisfied are you: A. with the general state of the Nigerian economy today? Variable Label: Satisfied Nigerian economy Values: 1-4 Value Labels: 1=Not at all satisfied, 2=Not very satisfied, 3=Somewhat satisfied, 4=Very satisfied Source: NDB; Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 13B Question: How satisfied are you: B. with your own living conditions today? Variable Label: Satisfied own conditions Values: 1-4 Value Labels: 1=Not at all satisfied, 2=Not very satisfied, 3=Somewhat satisfied, 4=Very satisfied Source: NDB; Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 14 Question: Would you say that your own living conditions are worse, the same, or better than other Nigerians? Variable Label: Conditions worse/better Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much worse, 2=Worse, 3=About the same, 4=Better, 5=Much better, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB; Zambia96 Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 15 Question: When you look at your life today, how satisfied do you feel compared with five years ago?
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Variable Label: Satisfied five years ago Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much less satisfied, 2=Slightly less satisfied, 3=About the same, 4=Slightly more satisfied, 5=Much more satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB; Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 16 Question: When you look forward at your life’s prospects, how satisfied do you expect to be in one year’s time? Variable Label: Satisfied future Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much less satisfied, 2=Slightly less satisfied, 3=About the same, 4=Slightly more satisfied, 5=Much more satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB; Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 17 Question: In your opinion, who is responsible for the current economic conditions in Nigeria? Variable Label: Responsible economic conditions Values: 1-9 Value Labels: 1=the previous government, 2=the current government, 3=the IMF/World Bank, 4=we, the people, 5=Structural Adjustment Programme, 6=internal opposition forces, 7=international economic forces, 8= Others (God/Satan/Demons/Economy), 9 = don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 18A Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? A. Creating jobs Variable Label: Handling jobs Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 18B Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? B. Keeping prices low Variable Label: Handling prices Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 18C Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? C. Narrowing income gaps between rich and poor Variable Label: Handling gaps Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 18D Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? D. Reducing crime Variable Label: Handling crime Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know
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Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 18E Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? E. Addressing the educational needs of all Nigerians Variable Label: Handling educational Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 18F Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? F. Improving basic health services Variable Label: Handling basic Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 18G Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? G. Assuring that all Nigerians have enough to eat. Variable Label: Handling food security Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 18H Question: How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? H. Fighting corruption in government Variable Label: Handling corruption Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Badly, 2=Fairly Badly, 3=Fairly Well, 4=Very Well, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 19 Question: What is your overall assessment of the performance of the current government? Variable Label: Government Performance Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very bad, 2=Bad, 3=Neither bad nor good, 4=Good, 5=Very good, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 20A Question: How long do you think it will take: A. before the government fulfills the promises it has made? Variable Label: How long promises? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=within two years, 2=within four years, 3=within eight years, 4=more than eight years, 5=never, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 20B
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Question: How long do you think it will take: B. before your own living standards meet your expectations? Variable Label: How long living standards? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=within two years, 2=within four years, 3=within eight years, 4=more than eight years, 5=never, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 21A Question: How often do you get news from: A. The radio? Variable Label: Radio News Values, 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=About once a month, 3=About once a week, 4=Several times a week, 5=Every day, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 21B Question: How often do you get news from: B. The Television? Variable Label: TV News Values, 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=About once a month, 3=About once a week, 4=Several times a week, 5=Every day, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 21C Question: How often do you get news from: C. Newspaper? Variable Label: Newspapers Values, 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Less than once a month, 2=About once a month, 3=About once a week, 4=Several times a week, 5=Every day, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 22A Question: In your opinion, do these various news sources promote public understanding on important issues or do they stir up conflict among people? A. Radio Variable Label: Radio consequence Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=Not Applicable, 1=Promote Understanding, 2=Neither, 3=Stir Up Conflict,9=Don’t Know, Source: new question Notes: Enumerator coded only for news sources that respondent used, otherwise coded as 0, not applicable. Question Number: 22B Question: In your opinion, do these various news sources promote public understanding on important issues or do they stir up conflict among people? B. Television Variable Label: TV consequence Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=Not Applicable, 1=Promote Understanding, 2=Neither, 3=Stir Up Conflict,9=Don’t Know, Source: new question Notes: Enumerator coded only for news sources that respondent used, otherwise coded as 0, not applicable. Question Number: 22C
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Question: In your opinion, do these various news sources promote public understanding on important issues or do they stir up conflict among people? C. Newspapers Variable Label: Newspaper consequence Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=Not Applicable, 1=Promote Understanding, 2=Neither, 3=Stir Up Conflict,9=Don’t Know, Source: new question Notes: Enumerator coded only for news sources that respondent used, otherwise coded as 0, not applicable. Question Number: 23 Question: How interested are you in politics and government? Variable Label: Interested in politics Values: 0-2, 9 Value Labels: 0= Not interested, 1 = Somewhat interested, 2 = Very interested, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 24 Question: How often do you discuss politics and government with other people? Variable Label: Discuss politics Values: 0-2, 9 Value Labels: 0=Never, 1=Sometimes, 2=Often, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 25A Question: Can you tell me the name of: A. The Local Government Chairman/woman for this area? Variable Label: Name LG Chairman Values: 0-1, 9 Value Labels: 0=Incorrect, 1=Correct, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). Question Number: 25B Question: Can you tell me the name of: the Member of The House of Representatives for this area? Variable Label: Name HR Member Values: 0-1, 9, 99 Value Labels: 0=Incorrect, 1=Correct, 9=Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). Question Number: 25C Question: Can you tell me the name of: C. The Governor of this state? Variable Label: Name Governor Values: 0-1, 9 Value Labels: 0=Incorrect, 1=Correct, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). Question Number: 25D Question: Can you tell me the name of: D. the Minister of Finance? Variable Label: Name Finance Minister
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Values: 0-1, 9, 99 Value Labels: 0=Incorrect, 1=Correct, 9=Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). Question Number: 25E Question: Can you tell me the name of: E. the Vice-President of Nigeria? Variable Label: Name Vice-President Values: 0-1, 9 Value Labels: 0=Incorrect, 1=Correct, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). Question Number: 26A Question: In Nigeria, is there a difference between what the following organizations do or do they do the same thing? A. The traditional rulers and the government . Variable Label: Trad rulers and government Values: 1-2, 9 Value Labels: 1=Same, 2=Different, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 26B Question: In Nigeria, is there a difference between what the following organizations do or do they do the same thing? B. the army and the government . Variable Label: Army and government Values: 1-2, 9 Value Labels: 1=Same, 2=Different, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 26C Question: In Nigeria, is there a difference between what the following organizations do or do they do the same thing? C. a political party and the government? . Variable Label: Political Party and government Values: 1-2, 9 Value Labels: 1=Same, 2=Different, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 26D Question: In Nigeria, is there a difference between what the following organizations do or do they do the same thing? D. federal government and local government . Variable Label: Federal government and local government Values: 1-2, 9 Value Labels: 1=Same, 2=Different, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 27 Question: A. In discussions about politics with friends and neighbors, I can influence the opinions of others. B. As far as politics is concerned, friends and neighbors do not listen to me. Variable Label: Influence others? Values: 1-5, 9
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Value Labels: 1=A, agree strongly; 2=A, agree somewhat; 3=B, agree somewhat; 4=B, agree strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 28 Question: A. The way the government operates sometimes seems so complicated I cannot really understand what is going on. B. I can usually understand the way that government works. Variable Label: Cannot understand? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, agree strongly; 2=A, agree somewhat; 3=B, agree somewhat; 4=B, agree strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 29 Question: A. As a community, we are generally able to make our elected representatives listen to our problems. B. We are usually unable to make our elected representatives listen to us. Variable Label: Representatives listen? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, agree strongly; 2=A, agree somewhat; 3=B, agree somewhat; 4=B, agree strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 30 Question: A. In Nigeria today, there is not enough respect for authority. B. We Nigerians should be more active in questioning the authority of our leaders. Variable Label: Respect authority Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, agree strongly; 2=A, agree somewhat; 3=B, agree somewhat; 4=B, agree strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 31 Question: A. No matter who we vote for, things will not get any better in the future. B. We can use our power as voters to choose leaders who will help us improve our lives. Variable Label: Not get any better? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, agree strongly; 2=A, agree somewhat; 3=B, agree somewhat; 4=B, agree strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 32
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Question: When you hear the word “democracy,” what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Variable Label: Meaning of democracy Values: 1-17 Value Labels: 0=Civil politics or government, 1=Civil liberties/personal freedom, 2=Political/Election Rights, 3=Social and Economic Development, 4=Government of the people, by the people, for the people, 5=Peace and Unity, 6=Good governance/government that can make things happen, 7=Other good, 8=Equality/Justice, 31=Conflict and Confusion, 32=Corruption, Abuse of Power, 33=Social or Economic hardship, 34=Government of the rich/”special interests,” 35=It is poorly implemented in Nigeria, 39=Other neutral or unclear, 40=Don’t Know Source: Ghana 97 Notes: The enumerator prompted if necessary: “What, if anything, does ‘democracy’ mean to you?” Question Number: 33A Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. A. The majority rules. Variable Label: Majority Rules Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion Question Number: 33B Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. B. Anyone is free to criticize the government. Variable Label: Free to criticize Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion Question Number: 33C Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. C. Elections are held regularly. Variable Label: Regular elections Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 33D Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. D. At least two political parties compete with each other. Variable Label: Parties compete Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 33E Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. E. Everyone enjoys basic necessities like shelter, food, and water. Variable Label: Basic Necessities Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know
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Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 33F Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. F. Jobs for everyone Variable Label: Jobs for everyone Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 33G Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. G. Education for everyone Variable Label: Educ. For everyone Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 33H Question: People associate democracy with many different meanings such as the ones that I will mention now. In order for a society to be called democratic, how important is each of these. H. A small income gap between rich and poor Variable Label: Small gap Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very important, 2=Important, 3=Not Very Important, 4=Not at all important, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 34 Question: In your opinion, was the change to democracy in 1999 good or bad for the country? Variable Label: Change good or bad? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Very Bad, 2=Bad, 3=Neither bad nor good, 4= Good, 5=Very good, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Enumerator probed to see how strongly opinion is held. Question Number: 35 Question: In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Nigeria today? Variable Label: Nigeria Democracy? Values: 0-3, 9, 99 Value Labels: 0=Not a democracy, 1=Major problems, but still a democracy, 2=Minor problems, but still a democracy, 3=Full democracy 9=Not applicable, 99=Missing Data Source: Ghana 97 Notes: The enumerator asked this question only if the respondent had some idea what democracy is. Question Number: 36 Question: Which of the following statements is closest to your own opinion? A. Democracy is preferable to any other form of government. B. In certain situations, a non-democratic government can be preferable. C. To people like me, it doesn’t matter what form of government we have. Variable Label: Support for democracy Values: 1-3, 99
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Value Labels: A=1, B=2, C=3, 99=Missing Data Source: Latinobarometer (LB) Notes: Question Number: 37 Question: A. It is dangerous and confusing to allow the expression of too many different points of view. B. If people have different views than I do, they should be allowed to express them. Variable Label: Allow expression? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 38 Question: A. All people should be permitted to vote, even if they do not fully understand all the issues in an election. B. Only those who are sufficiently well educated should be allowed to vote. Variable Label: Permitted to vote? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 39 Question: A. The President of Nigeria should be able to change the Constitution whenever he chooses. B. In Nigeria, even the President should obey the Constitution. Variable Label: President change Constitution? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 40 Question: A. In Nigeria, it is sometimes alright to use violence in trying to reach political goals. B. The use of violence is never justified in Nigerian politics. Variable Label: Violence O.K.? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 41 Question: A. The best form of government is a government elected by the people. B. The best form of government is a government that gets things done. Variable Label: Best form of government?
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Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 42A Question: We are now going to discuss how much you like different kinds of government. I would like you to give marks out of ten. Let us say that the best government gets 10 out of 10 and the worst kind of government gets only 1 out of 10. What mark would you give to: A. our present system of government with free elections and many parties? Variable Label: Elections and parties Values: 1-10, 99 Value Labels: 1=worst kind of government, 10=best kind of government, 99=Missing Data Source: New Democracies Barometer (NDB) Notes: Question Number: 42B Question: We are now going to discuss how much you like different kinds of government. I would like you to give marks out of ten. Let us say that the best government gets 10 out of 10 and the worst kind of government gets only 1 out of 10. What mark would you give to: B. the former system of military rule Variable Label: Military rule Values: 1-10 Value Labels: 1=worst kind of government, 10=best kind of government Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 42C Question: We are now going to discuss how much you like different kinds of government. I would like you to give marks out of ten. Let us say that the best government gets 10 out of 10 and the worst kind of government gets only 1 out of 10. What mark would you give to: C. the former colonial system (that is, when the British ruled)? Variable Label: Colonial system Values: 1-10, 99 Value Labels: 1=worst kind of government, 10=best kind of government, 99=Missing Data Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 42D Question: We are now going to discuss how much you like different kinds of government. I would like you to give marks out of ten. Let us say that the best government gets 10 out of 10 and the worst kind of government gets only 1 out of 10. What mark would you give to: D. the old system of government by traditional rulers? Variable Label: Traditional system Values: 1-10 Value Labels: 1=worst kind of government, 10=best kind of government Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 42E Question: We are now going to discuss how much you like different kinds of government. I would like you to give marks out of ten. Let us say that the best government gets 10 out of 10 and the worst kind of government gets only 1 out of 10. What mark would you give to: E. the system of government that you expect Nigeria to have in five years time? Variable Label: Future system Values: 1-10
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Value Labels: 1=worst kind of government, 10=best kind of government Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 43A Question: “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” A. People are free to say what they think. Variable Label: Free to say Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much Worse, 2=Somewhat Worse, 3=No Change, 4=Somewhat Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 43B Question: “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” B. People can join any organization they want. Variable Label: Join any organization Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much Worse, 2=Somewhat Worse, 3=No Change, 4=Somewhat Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 43C Question: “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” C. Each person can freely choose who to vote for without feeling pressured. Variable Label: Free to choose Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much Worse, 2=Somewhat Worse, 3=No Change, 4=Somewhat Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 43D Question: “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” D. Ordinary people can influence what government does. Variable Label: Influence government Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much Worse, 2=Somewhat Worse, 3=No Change, 4=Somewhat Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 43E Question: “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” E. Everybody is treated equally and fairly by the government. Variable Label: Treated equally Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much Worse, 2=Somewhat Worse, 3=No Change, 4=Somewhat Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don’t Know
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Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 43F Question: “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” F. People have an adequate standard of living. Variable Label: Adequate living standard Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=Much Worse, 2=Somewhat Worse, 3=No Change, 4=Somewhat Better, 5=Much Better, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 44A Question: “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” A. We should get rid of elections so that a strong leader can decide everything. Variable Label: Strong leader Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know, 99=Missing Data Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 44B Question: “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” B. We should have only one political party. Variable Label: One political party Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 44C Question: “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” C. The army should come in to govern the country. Variable Label: Army come in Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from NDB Notes: Question Number: 44D Question: “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” D. The most important decisions, for example on the economy, should be left to experts. Variable Label: Government by experts Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 45 Question: Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the way democracy works in Nigeria? Variable Label: Satisfaction with democracy Values: 1-4, 9, 99
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Value Labels: 1=very dissatisfied; 2=somewhat dissatisfied; 3=somewhat satisfied; 4=very satisfied, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: Eurobarometer Notes: Enumerator probed to see how strongly opinion is held. Question Number: 46 Question: A. Our present system of elected government should be able to deal with inherited problems, even if this takes time. B. If democracy can’t produce results soon, we should try another form of government. Variable Label: Deal with inherited problems? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from NDB Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or somewhat?” Question Number: 47A Question: I am going to read out some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree or disagree after I read out each one? A. In a democracy, the economic system runs badly. Variable Label: Economic runs badly Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 47B Question: I am going to read out some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree or disagree after I read out each one? B. Democracies are indecisive and have too much squabbling. Variable Label: Indecisive squabbling Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 47C Question: I am going to read out some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree or disagree after I read out each one? C. Democracies aren’t good at maintaining order Variable Label: Maintaining order Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator, probe for strength of opinion. Question Number: 47D Question: I am going to read out some things that people sometimes say about a democratic political system. Could you please tell me if you agree or disagree after I read out each one? D. Democracy may have problems, but its better than any other form of government Variable Label: Problems, but better? Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=Strongly disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree, 9=Don’t Know Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 48
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Question: Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you must be very careful in dealing with people? Variable Label: Trust generally Values: 1-2, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=Most people can be trusted, 2=You must be very careful, 9=Don’t Know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 49A Question: “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right.” Do you trust the following people? A. Your relatives Variable Label: Trust relatives Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. Question Number: 49B Question: “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right.” Do you trust the following people? B. Your neighbors Variable Label: Trust neighbors Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. Question Number: 49C Question: “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right.” Do you trust the following people? C. Someone in your own tribe. Variable Label: Trust own tribe Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. Question Number: 49D Question: “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right.” Do you trust the following people? D. Nigerians from other tribes Variable Label: Trust other tribes Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. Question Number: 49E Question: “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right.” Do you trust the following people? D. President Obasanjo Variable Label: Trust President Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96
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Notes: Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. Question Number: 50A Question: Do you trust the following institutions? A. Traditional Rulers Variable Label: Trust chiefs Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 50B Question: Do you trust the following institutions? B. Local Government authorities Variable Label: Trust Local Government Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes Question Number: 50C Question: Do you trust the following institutions? C. the police Variable Label: Trust police Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 50D Question: Do you trust the following institutions? D. Courts of law Variable Label: Trust law courts Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 50E Question: Do you trust the following institutions? E. political parties Variable Label: Trust political parties Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Notes: Question Number: 50F Question: Do you trust the following institutions? F. the army Variable Label: Trust army Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Ghana99 Notes:
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Question Number: 50G Question: Do you trust the following institutions? G. The National Assembly Variable Label: Trust National Assembly Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 50H Question: Do you trust the following institutions? H. the Independent National Electoral Commission (NEC) Variable Label: Trust Electoral Commission Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: adapted from Ghana 97 Notes: Question Number: 51A Question: And do you trust the following social institutions? A. churches Variable Label: Trust churches Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 51B Question: And do you trust the following social institutions? B. Mosques Variable Label: Trust mosques Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 51C Question: And do you trust the following social institutions? C. trade unions (urban)/farmers’ organizations (rural) Variable Label: Trust trade /farmer unions Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: adapted from Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 51D Question: And do you trust the following social institutions? D. NGO’s Variable Label: Trust NGO’s Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 51E Question: And do you trust the following social institutions? E. Banks
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Variable Label: Trust banks Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 51F Question: And do you trust the following social institutions? F. businesses Variable Label: Trust businesses Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=I do not trust them at all, 2=I distrust them somewhat, 3=I trust them somewhat, 4=I trust them a lot, 9=Don’t know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 52A Question: We know that some people obey the law and others do not. In your opinion, how often do Nigerians break the law by engaging in the following acts? A. throwing rubbish in public places Variable Label: Throwing rubbish Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=most of the time, 3=always, 9=don’t know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 52B Question: We know that some people obey the law and others do not. In your opinion, how often do Nigerians break the law by engaging in the following acts? B. disregarding traffic signs and traffic lights Variable Label: Traffic signs Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=most of the time, 3=always, 9=don’t know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 52C Question: We know that some people obey the law and others do not. In your opinion, how often do Nigerians break the law by engaging in the following acts? C. selling goods without a trader’s licence Variable Label: Trader’s license Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=most of the time, 3=always, 9=don’t know Source: adapted from NDB Notes: Question Number: 52D Question: We know that some people obey the law and others do not. In your opinion, how often do Nigerians break the law by engaging in the following acts? D. not paying for services like piped water Variable Label: Water fees Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=most of the time, 3=always, 9=don’t know Source: adapted from NDB Notes: Question Number: 52E Question: We know that some people obey the law and others do not. In your opinion, how often do Nigerians break the law by engaging in the following acts? E. evading income taxes Variable Label: Income tax
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Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=most of the time, 3=always, 9=don’t know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 52F Question: We know that some people obey the law and others do not. In your opinion, how often do Nigerians break the law by engaging in the following acts? F. offering bribes to public servants Variable Label: Offering bribes Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=occasionally, 2=most of the time, 3=always, 9=don’t know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 53 Question: Have you ever heard about the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP)? Variable Label: SAP Values: 0-1, 99 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 99=Missing Data Source: Ghana 97 Notes: Enumerator prompted, if necessary, “You know, the reforms to the economy introduced in the 1980s.” If answer is no, enumerator goes to question 56. Question Number: 54 Question: What, in your opinion ,is the Structural Adjustment Programme supposed to do? Variable Label: SAP supposed to do Values: 1-24 Value Labels: 0=Don’t Know, 1=Improve Economy, 2=Improve Living Conditions, 3=Increase jobs and or productivity, 4=Stabilization and Fiscal Balance, 5=Reform economic institutions, 6=Provide government services, 7=To make goods available, 8=To bring the country together, 9=Self-reliance, 10=Other good, 11=Increase investment, 12=Reduce inflation, 13=Hard work, 14=To develop our own natural resources, 15=To promote financial transparency, 16=To protect people’s health, 31=To bring hardship and difficulty, 32=To benefit the rich, 33=Devaluation of currency, 34=Increase inflation, 35=Corruption, looting, etc. 36=Just politics, 97=Not Applicable Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 55 Question: How satisfied or unsatisfied are you with the SAP? Variable Label: Satisfied SAP Values: 0-5, 9 Value Labels: 0=Not Applicable, 1=Very unsatisfied, 2=Unsatisfied, 3=Neutral, 4=Satisfied, 5=Very Satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 56 Question: A. It is not wise to plan too far ahead, because many things turn out to be a matter of luck. B. I always try to plan ahead because I feel I can make my plans work. Variable Label: Not wise to plan? Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am again going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?”
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Question Number: 57 Question: A. People should look after themselves and be responsible for their own success in life. B. The government should bear the main responsibility for ensuring the well-being of people. Variable Label: Own success in life? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 58 Question: A. The best way to create jobs is to encourage people to start their own businesses. B. The government should provide employment for everyone who wants to work. Variable Label: Provide employment? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Finifter and Mickiewicz Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 59 Question: A. Everyone should be free to earn as much as they can, even if this leads to differences in income between people. B. The government should place limits on how much the rich can earn, even if this discourages some people from working hard. Variable Label: Free to earn? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from NDB Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 60 Question: A. In rural areas, land should be owned by the community and allocated by the traditional rulers. B. People should be able to own their own land, including buying and selling it, even in rural areas. Variable Label: Own land? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Ghana99 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 61 Question: A. There is no sense in trying to start a new business because many enterprises lose money. B. If a person has a good idea for a business, they should invest their own savings or borrow money to try to make it succeed. Variable Label: Start new business?
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Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Jackson and Rodkey Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 62A Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for the development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? A. protecting the nation’s borders Variable Label: Protecting borders Values: 1-7 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 62B Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? B. Building your house Variable Label: Building house Values: 1-7 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 62C Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? C. extending agricultural credit Variable Label: Agricultural credit Values: 1-7 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number:62D Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? D. producing and marketing oil Variable Label: producing oil Values: 1-7, 99 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three, 99=Missing Data Source: adapted from Ghana99 Notes: Question Number:62E Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? E. selling consumer goods
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Variable Label: Selling consumer goods Values: 1-7 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 62F Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? F. providing schools and clinics Variable Label: Providing schools/clinics Values: 1-7 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 62G Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? G. creating jobs Variable Label: Creating jobs Values: 1-7 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 62H Question: I am going to read out a list of things that are important for development of our country. In your opinion, who is responsible for providing these things? The government, private businesses, or individuals? Or some combination of these providers? H. reducing crime Variable Label: Reducing crime Values: 1-7 Value Labels: 1=government, 2=private companies, 3=individuals, 4=government and businesses, 5=government and individuals, 6=businesses and individuals, 7=all three Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 63 Question: A. It is better to have goods available in the market, even if the prices are high. B. It is better to have low prices, even if there are shortages of goods. Variable Label: Goods available? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 64 Question: A. It is better to have free schooling for our children, even if the quality of education is low. B. It is better to raise educational standards, even if we have to pay school fees. Variable Label: Free schooling? Values: 1-5, 9
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Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 65 Question: A. All civil servants should keep their jobs, even if paying their salaries is costly to the country. B. The government cannot afford so many public employees and should lay some of them off. Variable Label: Civil servant jobs? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 66 Question: A. The government should retain ownership of its factories, businesses, and farms. B. It is better for the government to sell its businesses to private companies and individuals. Variable Label: Own factories? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 67 Question: A. In order to create jobs, the government should encourage foreign companies to invest in our country. B. The government should be wary of foreign investors because they may gain control of our national wealth. Variable Label: Foreign investment? Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 93 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 68 Question: A. The costs of reforming the economy are too high; the government should therefore change its economic policies. B. In order for the economy to get better in the future, it is necessary for us to accept some hardships now. Variable Label: Change economic policies? Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 69 Question: A. The government’s economic policies have helped most people; only a few have suffered. B. The government’s economic policies have hurt most people and only benefited a few. Variable Label: Few have suffered? Values: 1-5, 9
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Value Labels: 1=A, strongly; 2=A, somewhat; 3=B, somewhat; 4=B, strongly, 5=Do not agree with either, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from Ghana99 Notes: The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” Question Number: 70 Question: In your opinion, which group has benefited the most? Variable Level: Which group has benefited? Values: 1-5, Value Labels: 1=People close to the government, 2=Foreign businesses, 3=Rural dwellers, 4=People in selected regions of Nigeria (specify region), 5=Other, 10=Northern region/Hausas’, 13=The southerners, 31=The elites, 32=The rich, 33=The poor, 34=students, 35=Salary earners, 36=The Egba’s, 37=Politicians, 38=Representative of National Assembly, 39=Army/military, 40=The influential people/the upper class, 41=Government officers/ministers and commissioners, 42=People in the urban class, 43=Yorubas, 44=Employed People, 45=Farmers, 46=Contractors, 47=Church, 48=Igbo’s, 49=Rural Areas, 50=Traditional Rulers, 51=Computer engineer, 52=Don’t Know, 97=Not Applicable Source: new question Notes: The enumerator only asked this question if the respondent chose 69B. Question Number: 71 Question: Are you a registered voter? Variable Label: Registered voter Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 72 Question: [If no] Why not? Variable Label: Why not registered Values: 0-12, 99 Value Labels: 0=Not Applicable, 1=missed registration, 2=ill health, 3=absent from area, 4=registration process was not credible, 5=voter card not available, 6=under 18 during reg, 7=not interested in voting, 8=otherwise engaged, 9=My family does not allow me to register, 10=Not properly informed, 11=Cannot vote without eating, 12=Old Age, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: If answer to question 71 is yes, then the enumerator enters 0= not applicable. Enumerator then goes to Question 75 Question Number: 73A Question: Understanding that some Nigerians choose not to vote, let me ask you: Did you vote: A. In the Presidential election of February 1999 Variable Label: Voted President Values: 0-1, 97 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 97=Not Applicable Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 73B Question: Understanding that some Nigerians choose not to vote, let me ask you: Did you vote: B. In the National Assembly elections of February 1999 Variable Label: Voted at Assembly Values: 0-1, 97 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 97=Not Applicable Source: adapted from Zambia96
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Notes: Question Number: 73C Question: Understanding that some Nigerians choose not to vote, let me ask you: Did you vote: C. In the state government elections of January 1999 Variable Label: Voted state assembly Values: 0-1, 97 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 97=Not Applicable Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 73D Question: Understanding that some Nigerians choose not to vote, let me ask you: Did you vote: D. In the local government elections of December 1998 Variable Label: Voted local government Values: 0-1, 97 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 97=Not Applicable Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 74 Question: When you voted for the National Assembly, did you vote for an individual or for a political party? Variable Label: Individual or party Values: 1-2, 9, 97 Value Labels: 1=Individual, 2=Party, 9=Don’t Know, 97=Not Applicable Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Enumerator asked only if respondent answered “yes” to Question 63A or B. Question Number: 75A Question: In your opinion, were the following elections conducted honestly or dishonestly? A. The Presidential elections of February 1999 Variable Label: Presidential elections honest Values: 1-4 ,9 Value Labels: 1-Very Dishonestly, 2=Somewhat Dishonestly, 3=Quite Honestly, 4=Very Honestly, 9=Don’t Know, Source: Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 75B Question: In your opinion, were the following elections conducted honestly or dishonestly? B. The state government elections of January 1999 Variable Label: State elections honest Values: 1-4 ,9, 99 Value Labels: 1-Very Dishonestly, 2=Somewhat Dishonestly, 3=Quite Honestly, 4=Very Honestly, 9=Don’t Know, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 76A Question: Since the last election, how satisfied have you been with the performance of: A. your Representative to the National Assembly Variable Label: National Rep performance Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=very unsatisfied, 2=somewhat unsatisfied, 3=somewhat satisfied, 4=very satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes:
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Question Number: 76B Question: Since the last election, how satisfied have you been with the performance of: B. your Representative to the State Assembly Variable Label: State Rep. performance Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=very unsatisfied, 2=somewhat unsatisfied, 3=somewhat satisfied, 4=very satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 76C Question: Since the last election, how satisfied have you been with the performance of: C. the Governor of this state Variable Label: Governor performance Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=very unsatisfied, 2=somewhat unsatisfied, 3=somewhat satisfied, 4=very satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 76D Question: Since the last election, how satisfied have you been with the performance of: D. the Local Government Chairman/woman for this area? Variable Label: LG Chair performance Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=very unsatisfied, 2=somewhat unsatisfied, 3=somewhat satisfied, 4=very satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: adapted from Zambia96 Notes: Question Number: 76E Question: Since the last election, how satisfied have you been with the performance of: E. any judge or lawyer you have encountered Variable Label: Judge/Lawyer performance Values: 0-4, 9 Value Labels: 0=Not Applicable, 1=very unsatisfied, 2=somewhat unsatisfied, 3=somewhat satisfied, 4=very satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 76F Question: Since the last election, how satisfied have you been with the performance of: F. Political parties Variable Label: Party performance Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=very unsatisfied, 2=somewhat unsatisfied, 3=somewhat satisfied, 4=very satisfied, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 77A Question: I will read out a list of things that people sometimes do as citizens. Please tell me how often you, personally, have done any of these things during the last five years. A. attending a community meeting Variable Label: Attend community meeting Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 77B
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Question: I will read out a list of things that people sometimes do as citizens. Please tell me how often you, personally, have done any of these things during the last five years. B. getting together with others to raise an issue Variable Label: Raise an issue Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 77C Question: I will read out a list of things that people sometimes do as citizens. Please tell me how often you, personally, have done any of these things during the last five years. C. attending an election rally. Variable Label: Attend election rally Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 77D Question: I will read out a list of things that people sometimes do as citizens. Please tell me how often you, personally, have done any of these things during the last five years. D. working for a political candidate or party Variable Label: Work for candidate Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 77E Question: I will read out a list of things that people sometimes do as citizens. Please tell me how often you, personally, have done any of these things during the last five years. E. signing a petition Variable Label: Sign petition Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 77F Question: I will read out a list of things that people sometimes do as citizens. Please tell me how often you, personally, have done any of these things during the last five years. F. writing a letter to a newspaper Variable Label: Write newspaper Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 77G Question: I will read out a list of things that people sometimes do as citizens. Please tell me how often you, personally, have done any of these things during the last five years. G. attending a demonstration Variable Label: Attend demonstration Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 78A Question: During the last five years, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem? A. a traditional ruler
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Variable Label: Contact traditional ruler Values: 0-3, 99 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 78B Question: During the last five years, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem? B. a Local Government Chairman/Councillor Variable Label: Contact LG Chair Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 78C Question: During the last five years, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem? C. A National Assembly representative Variable Label: Contact Nat. Rep. Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number:78D Question: During the last five years, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem? D. a State Assembly Representative Variable Label: Contact State Rep Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number:78E Question: During the last five years, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem? E. an official of a government ministry Variable Label: Contact government official Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number:78F Question: During the last five years, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem? D. a religious leader Variable Label: contact religious leader Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: adapted from Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 78G Question: During the last five years, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem? G. some other influential person Variable Label: Contact influential person Values: 0-3
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Value Labels: 0=never, 1=only once, 2=sometimes, 3=often Source: adapted from Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 79A Question: What would you do if the government took any of the following actions: A. told you which religion you had to follow. Variable Label: Follow religion Values: 0-4, 8-9 Value Labels: 0=Nothing, 1=Contact an elected representative, 2=support an opposition party, 3=join a protest or boycott, 4=Other, 8=Support the government, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 79B Question: What would you do if the government took any of the following actions: B. stopped you from traveling freely within the country. Variable Label: Stop travel Values: 0-4, 8-9 Value Labels: 0=Nothing, 1=Contact an elected representative, 2=support an opposition party, 3=join a protest or boycott, 4=Other, 8=Support the government, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 79C Question: What would you do if the government took any of the following actions: C. shut down newspapers that criticized the government. Variable Label: Shut newspapers Values: 0-4, 8-9 Value Labels: 0=Nothing, 1=Contact an elected representative, 2=support an opposition party, 3=join a protest or boycott, 4=Other, 8=Support the government, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 79D Question: What would you do if the government took any of the following actions: D. dismissed judges who ruled against the government. Variable Label: Dismiss judges Values: 0-4, 8-9 Value Labels: 0=Nothing, 1=Contact an elected representative, 2=support an opposition party, 3=join a protest or boycott, 4=Other, 8=Support the government, 9=Don’t Know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 79E Question: What would you do if the government took any of the following actions: E. suspended the National Assembly and canceled the next elections. Variable Label: Cancel elections Values: 0-4, 8-9, 99 Value Labels: 0=Nothing, 1=Contact an elected representative, 2=support an opposition party, 3=join a protest or boycott, 4=Other, 8=Support the government, 9=Don’t Know, 99=Missing Data Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 80
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Question: “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” The best way to get ahead in this life is to have contacts with important people in high places. Variable Label: People in high places Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 81 Question: “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Politicians and civil servants are trying their best to look after the interests of people like me. Variable Label: Look after the interests Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 82 Question: “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Rather than protecting his friends, the President will fight corruption wherever he finds it. Variable Label: President fights corruption Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number:83 Question: “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Bribery is not common among public officials in Nigeria. Variable Label: Bribery not common Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 84 Question: “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” The President’s region of the country gets more government services than any other region. Variable Label: President’s region Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 85 Question: “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Corruption was a worse problem under the old military government than these days. Variable Label: Corruption worse Values: 1-4, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: adapted from Zambia 96
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Notes: Question Number: 86 Question: How often, if ever, has a public official asked you for a bribe or a favor in return for getting something you were entitled to? Variable Label: How often bribe? Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=once, 2=a few times, 3=often Source: Ghana99 Notes: Question Number: 87A (1st group mentioned) Question: Which office(s) or agency(ies) did the official work for? Variable Label: Which office(s) Values: 1-58, 97, 99 Value Labels: 1=Local government, 2=School/Teachers, 3=Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB), 4=West African Examination Council (W.A.E.C.), 5=National Electric Power Authority (N.E.P.A.), 6=Hospitals, 7=Police/Law enforcement agencies, 8=Army, 9=Government agencies/paraministry, 10=Customs, 11=Nitel, 12=Licence office, 13=Water corporation, 14=Federal Secretariat, 15=Immigration 16=Private organizations, 17=Task force, 18=Road Safety Corps, 19=University/College/Lecture, 20=Nigerian Port Authority (NPA), 21=National Population Commission, 22=Post Office, 23=Court, 24=State Liaison Offices, 25=Nigerian National Petroleum Corp (N.N.P.C.), 26=Nigerian Airways, 27=Ministry of Communication, 28=Cabinet Office/Parmanent secretary, 29=Ministry of Education/Education Board, 30=Ministry of Works, 31=Internal Affairs Ministry, 32=National Profident Fund, 33=Revenue board (tax collectors), 34=Civil Defense, 35=Ministry of Health/Health officer, 36=N.Y.S.C. Office, 37=Accountant/general officer, 38=Agricultural ministry, 39=Business Premises, 40=Ministry of Establishment, 41=Minister of sports, 42=Political party, 43=V.I.O., 44=Bank workers, 45=Insurance agency, 46=Ministry of Petroleum, 47=Ministry of employment, 48=INEC (Electoral officers). 49=Women center, 50=NURTW, 51=Traditional council, 52=Nigerian Air Force, 53=WRECA, 54=NDLEA (Drug Abuse), 55=Ministry of Finance, 56=Ministry of Information, 57=Nigerian Airport Authority, 58=Vigilante Group, 99=Missing Data Source: Ghana99 Notes: Enumerator asked the question only if respondent answers 1, 2, or 3 to Question 86. Respondent may give up to two responses. Question Number: 87B (2nd office mentioned). Question: Which office(s) or agency(ies) did the official work for? Variable Label: Which office(s) Values: 1-58, 99 Value Labels: 1=Local government, 2=School/Teachers, 3=Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB), 4=West African Examination Council (W.A.E.C.), 5=National Electric Power Authority (N.E.P.A.), 6=Hospitals, 7=Police/Law enforcement agencies, 8=Army, 9=Government agencies/paraministry, 10=Customs, 11=Nitel, 12=Licence office, 13=Water corporation, 14=Federal Secretariat, 15=Immigration 16=Private organizations, 17=Task force, 18=Road Safety Corps, 19=University/College/Lecture, 20=Nigerian Port Authority (NPA), 21=National Population Commission, 22=Post Office, 23=Court, 24=State Liaison Offices, 25=Nigerian National Petroleum Corp (N.N.P.C.), 26=Nigerian Airways, 27=Ministry of Communication, 28=Cabinet Office/Parmanent secretary, 29=Ministry of Education/Education Board, 30=Ministry of Works, 31=Internal Affairs Ministry, 32=National Profident Fund, 33=Revenue board (tax collectors), 34=Civil Defense, 35=Ministry of Health/Health officer, 36=N.Y.S.C. Office, 37=Accountant/general officer, 38=Agricultural ministry, 39=Business Premises, 40=Ministry of Establishment, 41=Minister of sports, 42=Political party, 43=V.I.O., 44=Bank workers, 45=Insurance agency, 46=Ministry of Petroleum, 47=Ministry of employment, 48=INEC (Electoral officers). 49=Women center, 50=NURTW, 51=Traditional council, 52=Nigerian Air Force, 53=WRECA, 54=NDLEA (Drug Abuse), 55=Ministry of Finance, 56=Ministry of Information, 57=Nigerian Airport Authority, 58=Vigilante Group, 99=Missing Data Source: Ghana99 Notes: Enumerator asked the question only if respondent answers 1, 2, or 3 to Question 86. Respondent may give up to two responses.
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Question Number: 88A1 Question: In the past two years, have you or anyone else you know been attacked or robbed when moving about in public? A. No, no one? Variable Label: No one attacked or robbed Values: 0, 97 Value Labels: 0=No, no one, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 88A2 Question: In the past two years, have you or anyone else you know been attacked or robbed when moving about in public? B. Friends or acquaintances? Variable Label: Friends attacked or robbed? Values: 1, 97 Value Labels: 1=friend or acquaintance, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 88A3 Question: In the past two years, have your or anyone else you know been attacked or robbed when moving about in public? C. Family member? Variable Label: Family member attacked or robbed? Values: 2, 97 Value Labels: 2=family member, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 88A4 Question: In the past two years, have you or anyone else you know been attacked or robbed when moving about in public? D. Yes, Self? Variable Label: Self attacked or robbed Values: 3, 97 Value Labels: 3=yes, self, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 88B1 Question: In the past two years, have you or anyone else you know had your/their house broken into and had something stolen? A. No, no one. Variable Label: No one Home broken into Values: 0, 97
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Value Labels: 0=No, no-one, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 88B2 Question: In the past two years, have you or anyone else you know had their house broken into and had something stolen? B. Friend or acquaintance? Variable Label: Friend Home broken into Values: 1, 97 Value Labels: 1=friend or acquaintance, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 88B3 Question: In the past two years, have you or anyone else you know had their house broken into and had something stolen? C. Family Member? Variable Label: Family member Home broken into Values: 2, 97 Value Labels: 2=family member, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 88B4 Question: In the past two years, have you or anyone else you know had your house broken into and had something stolen? D. Yes, Self Variable Label: Self Home broken into Values: 3, 97 Value Labels: 3=yes, self, 97=Not Applicable Source: NDB Notes: Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 89 Question: Compared with five years ago, do you feel more or less safe when walking about alone? Variable Label: Safety five years ago Values: 1-5, 99 Value Labels: 1=much less safe, 2=somewhat less safe, 3=about the same, 4=somewhat more safe, 5=much more safe, 99=Missing Data Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 90A Question: If you ever felt unsafe in your surroundings, how likely would you be to take the following actions: A. report to the police? Variable Label: Report to the police
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Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=sometimes, 2=often, 3=always Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 90B Question: If you ever felt unsafe in your surroundings, how likely would you be to take the following actions: B. carry something for protection, like a weapon? Variable Label: Carry a weapon Values: 0-3, 99 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=sometimes, 2=often, 3=always, 99=Missing Data Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 90C Question: If you ever felt unsafe in your surroundings, how likely would you be to take the following actions: C. have other people with you when going out? Variable Label: Have other people Values: 0-3, 99 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=sometimes, 2=often, 3=always, 99=Missing Data Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 90D Question: If you ever felt unsafe in your surroundings, how likely would you be to take the following actions: D. try to form a group with other citizens to combat crime? Variable Label: Form a group Values: 0-3, 99 Value Labels: 0=never, 1=sometimes, 2=often, 3=always, 99=Missing Data Source: NDB Notes: Question Number: 91 Question: We have spoken to many Nigerians and they have all described themselves in different ways. Some people describe themselves in terms of their language, ethnic groups, or religion, and others describe themselves in economic terms, such as working class, middle class, or a farmer. Besides being Nigerian, which specific group to do you feel you belong to first and foremost? Variable Label: Identity Values: 1-200 Value Labels: 1=Christian, 2=Muslim, 3=Clergyman/Evangelist/Pastor, 4=Alfa, 5=Jehovah Witness, 6=Religious Followers/groups, 7=Churches, 8=Free Thinker, 9=Eckist, 10=Yoruba, 11=Igbo/Ibo, 12=Egba, 13=Delta/Urhobo, 14=Ibibio/Calabar, 15=Edo/Ologbo, 16=Hausa, 17=Ijebu, 18=Owo, 19=Akwa Ibom, 20=Oyo, 21=Awori, 22=Osun, 23=Ekiti, 24=Idanre/Efik, 25=Tiv, 26=Ijesha, 27=Ibarapa people, 28=Ibadan Indigenous, 29=Igbira, 30=Ijaw, 31=Abriba, 32=Annang/Annangman, 33=Ngwa, 34=Aguobo-owa, 35=Enugu state, 36=Eke, 37=Obonohia, 38=Okpe, 39=Ethnic group, 40=Isoko, 41=Odwyn, 42=Itsekiri, 43=Ishan man/Esan, 44=Auchi, 45=Kwale, 46=Igoto, 47=Ikwerre, 48=Kalabari, 49=Efche, 50=Okirika, 51=Igala, 52=Biafrar, 53=Burah, 54=Northerners, 55=Eggon, 56=Southerners, 57=Dan Katsina, 58=Dan Laribar Rimi, 59=Kanuri, 60=Fulani, 61=Marghi, 62=Gwori, 63=Mandara, 64=Geornai, 65=Angas, 66=Kiibo, 67=Ngas, 68=Niggi, 69=Birom, 70=Ronkwlere, 71=Berum, 72=Chawai, 73=Mwaghavul, 74=Jarawa, 75=Ridri, 76=Yeskwa, 77=Ankua, 78=Youm, 79=Rukuba, 80=Miamgo, 81=Jukun, 82=Iregwe, 83=Mada, 84=Kabba/Koro, 85=Buji, 86=Zar, 87=Minnor, 88=Barbari, 89=Biru, 90=Bagere, 91=Ogah, 92=Tangale, 93=Bauchi, 94=Gyerawa, 95=Bagara, 96=Sayawa, 97=Waga, 98=Lungada, 99=Marqi, 100=Idoma, 101=Fyeru, 102=Matakun, 103=Shuwa, 104=Udochi, 105=Babur, 106=Shuwan Arab, 107=Ortaregh, 108=Mbala, 109=Ormbalaa, 110=Peace Maker, 111=House wife, 112=Human rights activist/campaigner, 113=Democratic, 114=Queen, 115=Ordinary person, 116=Great Person, 117=A woman, 118=Hardworking man/lady, 119=Responsible person, 120=Godly people, 121=Independent person/woman, 122=Honest person, 123=Ambitious person, 124=Gentle man, 125=Simple man, 126=Respectful fellow, 127=A Good Samaritan
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128=Patriotic citizen, 129=Communication forum, 130=Literate person, 131=Considerate person, 132=Sociable person, 133=Sports man/Footballer, 134=A Nigerian with a conscience, 135=Confidential person, 136=Poor woman/man, 137=Young adult, 138=Elderly man/old man, 139=Effective man, 140=A graduate, 141=Hajiyan, 142=Black race, 143=Common man, 144=Faithful Nigerian/Loyal person, 145=Huister, 146=Black man, 147=Millionaire, 148=Generous person, 149=As a leader, 150=Ethnic champion, 151=Businessman/women/market woman, 152=Trader, 153=Civil servant/government worker, 154=Professionals, 155=Technicians/Electricians, 156=Teacher, 157=Lawyers, 158=Contractors/Bricklayers, 159=Security man, 160=Accountant/Chief auditor, 161=Pharmacist, 162=Farmer, 163=Computer scientist, 164=Fashion designer/tailor, 165=Butcher, 166=Retired man/woman, 167=Fisher, 168=Driver, 169=Mechanic, 170=Artist, 171=Hairdresser, 172=Nurse, 173=Furniture maker/carpenter, 174=Bridgade, 175=Engineer, 176=Non-governmental organization, 177=Native doctor/traditional healer, 178=Unemployed/applicant, 179=Welder, 180=Doctor, 181=Soldier, 182=Musician, 183=Professional Architect, 184=Trade union, 185=Vulcanizer, 186=Journalist, 187=Working class, 188=Middle class/Average Nigerian, 189=Student/Scholar, 190=Lower class/low income earners/masses, 191=Upper class/rich man, 192=Elites, 193=Politician/counselors, 194=The intellectuals, 195=Youth, 196=My language, 197=Parliamentary, 198=Waizam, 199=Dairimi, 200-Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 92A Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ A. You feel proud to be ____ Variable Label: Proud identity Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 92B Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ B. You would want your children to think of themselves as ______ Variable Label: Children identity Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 92C Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ C. Of all the groups in this country, ____ people are the best Variable Label: Identity is best Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 92D
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Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ D. You feel much stronger ties to ______s than to other Nigerians Variable Label: Identity ties Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: new question Notes: Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 92E Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ E. It makes you proud to be called a Nigerian Variable Label: Proud Nigerian Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 92F Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ F. You would want your children to think of themselves as Nigerian Variable Label: Children Nigerian Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 92G Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ G. All people who were born in this country, regardless of what group they belong to, should be treated as equal citizens of Nigeria. Variable Label: Equal Nigerian Values: 1-5, 9 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know Source: new question Notes: Question Number: 92H Question: “Here are a series of things people might say about how they see their group in relation to other Nigerians. There are no right or wrong answers. We are simply interested in your opinions. Please tell me whether you disagree or agree with these statements. “ H. People who were not born in this country should be allowed to become Nigerian citizens. Variable Label: Nigerian citizens Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neither agree or disagree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes:
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Question Number: 93 Question: Are _____’s (Respondent’s Identity group from Q91) economic conditions worse, the same as, or better than other groups in this country? Variable Label: Identity conditions Values:1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels1: 1=much worse, 2=worse, 3=about the same, 4=better, 5=much better, 9-don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. Question Number: 94 Question: In your opinion, how often are _______(respondent’s identity from Q91) people treated unfairly by the government. Variable Label: Identity treated fairly Values: 1-5, 9, 99 Value Labels: 1=always, 2=to a large extent, 3=to some extent, 4=hardly at all, 5=never, 9=don’t know, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes Question Number: 95 Question: Do you think that the government represents the interests of all Nigerians, the interests of just a few groups, or the interests of one group only? Variable Label: All Nigerians? Values: 1-3, 9 Value Labels: 1=One group only, 2=Just a few groups, 3=All Nigerians, 9=Don’t Know Source: new question Notes: If respondent answers 3, skip to question 97 Question Number: 96A (1st group mentioned) Question: Which groups do you mean? Variable Label: Which identity groups Values: 1-46, 97, 99 Value Labels: 1=The government people/people at the corridor of power, 2=The Hausas, Yorubas, and Ibo’s, 3=Those that are in the realm of affairs, 4=Yorubas, 5=Their family interest and their pocket, 6=The elite, 7=The upperclassmen/rich men/the interest of the money, 8=The Hausa people, 9=Friends, 10=Supporter, 11=Ogoni, 12=Top military personnel, 13=Ibos/Igbos, 14=Itsekiris, 15=Politicians, 16=Contractors, 17=The Islamic group, 18=Civil servant/government worker, 19=Educated people/academic literates, 20=Poor masses, 21=Those that are living in the urban area, 22=The Egbo’s, 23=South West, 24=The tribe’s group, 25=People selected from a particular region, 26=Community leaders, 27=Kanuris, 28=Uvwie, 29=Edos, 30=Footballers, 31=Urhobo, 32=Eastern groups, 33=Middle belt, 34=Religious leaders, 35=Merchant, 36=Traditional rulers, 37=Those from F.C.T., 38=Christians, 39=Business organizations, 40=Women, 41=The lucky ones, 42=Working class, 43=A capitalist, 44=Medical services, 45=Leader of a church, 46=Leader of a Mosque, 97=Not Applicable, 99=Nothing/cannot say Source: new question Notes: Respondent may give up to 3 answers Question Number: 96B (2nd group mentioned) Question: Which groups do you mean? Variable Label: Which identity groups Values: 1-46, 97 Value Labels: 1=The government people/people at the corridor of power, 2=The Hausas, Yorubas, and Ibo’s, 3=Those that are in the realm of affairs, 4=Yorubas, 5=Their family interest and their pocket, 6=The elite, 7=The upperclassmen/rich men/the interest of the money, 8=The Hausa people, 9=Friends, 10=Supporter, 11=Ogoni, 12=Top military personnel, 13=Ibos/Igbos, 14=Itsekiris, 15=Politicians, 16=Contractors, 17=The Islamic group,
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18=Civil servant/government worker, 19=Educated people/academic literates, 20=Poor masses, 21=Those that are living in the urban area, 22=The Egbo’s, 23=South West, 24=The tribe’s group, 25=People selected from a particular region, 26=Community leaders, 27=Kanuris, 28=Uvwie, 29=Edos, 30=Footballers, 31=Urhobo, 32=Eastern groups, 33=Middle belt, 34=Religious leaders, 35=Merchant, 36=Traditional rulers, 37=Those from F.C.T., 38=Christians, 39=Business organizations, 40=Women, 41=The lucky ones, 42=Working class, 43=A capitalist, 44=Medical services, 45=Leader of a church, 46=Leader of a Mosque, 97=Not Applicable Source: new question Notes: Respondent may give up to 3 answers Question Number: 96C (3rd group mentioned) Question: Which groups do you mean? Variable Label: Which identity groups Values: 1-46, 97 Value Labels: 1=The government people/people at the corridor of power, 2=The Hausas, Yorubas, and Ibo’s, 3=Those that are in the realm of affairs, 4=Yorubas, 5=Their family interest and their pocket, 6=The elite, 7=The upperclassmen/rich men/the interest of the money, 8=The Hausa people, 9=Friends, 10=Supporter, 11=Ogoni, 12=Top military personnel, 13=Ibos/Igbos, 14=Itsekiris, 15=Politicians, 16=Contractors, 17=The Islamic group, 18=Civil servant/government worker, 19=Educated people/academic literates, 20=Poor masses, 21=Those that are living in the urban area, 22=The Egbo’s, 23=South West, 24=The tribe’s group, 25=People selected from a particular region, 26=Community leaders, 27=Kanuris, 28=Uvwie, 29=Edos, 30=Footballers, 31=Urhobo, 32=Eastern groups, 33=Middle belt, 34=Religious leaders, 35=Merchant, 36=Traditional rulers, 37=Those from F.C.T., 38=Christians, 39=Business organizations, 40=Women, 41=The lucky ones, 42=Working class, 43=A capitalist, 44=Medical services, 45=Leader of a church, 46=Leader of a Mosque, 97=Not Applicable Source: new question Notes: Respondent may give up to 3 answers Question Number: 97 Question: Do you feel close to any political party? Variable Label: Close to party Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0 = No, 1 = Yes Source: Zambia 96 Notes: If no, then the enumerator goes to Question 99 after entering “0" for Question 98. Question Number: 98 Question: Which one? Variable Label: Which party Values: 1-4, 9 Value Labels: 0=Not Applicable, 1=People’s Democratic Party (PDP), 2=All People’s Party (APP), 3=Alliance for Democracy (AD), 4= Other (specify), 9=Don’t Know Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Only asked if respondent answered “yes” to question 97. Question Number: 99 Question: Roughly how much money do you (and your spouse together) earn per month? Variable Label: Monthly earnings Values: 0-8, 99 Value Labels: 0= none, 1= less than 1,000 naira, 2= 1,000-5,000 naira, 3= 5,000-10,000 naira, 4= 10,000-20,000 naira, 5= 20,000-30,000 naira, 6= 30,000-40,000 naira, 7= 40,000-50,000 naira, 8= over 50,000 naira, 99=Missing Data Source: Zambia 96 Notes: Question Number: 100 Question: How would you describe your financial situation during the past year? Did you save money, spend all your income, spend some of your own savings, or borrow money?
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Variable Label: Financial situation Values: 1-5, 99 Value Labels: 1=Save, 2=Spend Income, 3=Spend Savings, 4=Borrow, 5=Spend Savings AND Borrow, 99=Missing Data Source: Ghana99 Notes: The Following Questions were completed by the enumerator after the interview had ended. Question Number: 101 Question: State Variable Label: State Values: 1-38 Value Labels: 1=Abia, 2=Adamawa, 3=Akwa-Iborn, 4=Anambra, 5=Bauchi, 6=Beyelsa, 7=Benue, 8=Borno, 9=Cross River, 10=Delta, 11=Ebonyi, 12=Edo, 13=Ekiti, 14=Enugu, 15=F.C.T., 16=Gombe, 17=Imo, 18=Jigawa, 19=Kaduna, 20=Kano,, 21=Katsina, 22=Kebbi, 23=Kogi, 24=Kwara, 25=Lagos, 26=Nassarawa, 27=Niger, 28=Ogun, 29=Ondo, 30=Osun, 31=Oyo, 32=Plateau, 33=Rivers, 34=Sokoto, 35=Taraba, 36=Yobe, 37=Zamfara. 38=No Answer Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 102 Question: Generally speaking, how would you describe the locality? Variable Label: Urban/Rural (interviewer) Values: 1-2 Value Labels: 1=Urban, 2=Rural Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 103 Question: More specifically, what sort of settlement was it? Variable Label: Settlement type Values: 1-9 Value Labels: 1=Urban (formal), 2=Suburban (formal), 3=Rural township/town, 4=Rural village, 5=Rural, individual homestead, 6=Urban, non-permanent, informal settlement, 7=Rural, non-permanent, informal settlement, 8=Don’t know, 9=No Answer Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 104 Question: In what type of shelter did the respondent live? Variable Label: House Type Values: 1-7, 99 Value Labels: 1=Non-traditional (formal house), 2=Traditional house, 3=Temporary structure on own plot, 4=Temporary structure in backyard, 5=Flat in block of flats, 6=Single room in larger dwelling structure, 7=Other, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 105 Question: What was the roof made of: Variable Label: Roofing Values: 1-7, 99 Value Labels: 1=Metal, tin, zinc, 2=Tiles, 3=Shingles, 4=Thatch, 5=Plastic sheets, 6=Asbestos, 7=Multiple materials, 99=Missing Data Source: new question
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Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 106 Question: How many houses within the locality are formal houses? Variable Label: Formality Values: 0-3, 9 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Some, 2=Most, 3=All, 9=Don’t Know, Can’t determine Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 107A Question: Roughly how much of the last 10km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads? A. Graded sand/dirt roads Variable Label: Graded dirt Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=0 kms, 1=<5 kms, 2=5-9 kms, 3=All Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 107B Question: Roughly how much of the last 10km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads? B. Ungraded dirt roads Variable Label: Ungraded dirt Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=0 kms, 1=<5 kms, 2=5-9 kms, 3=All Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 107C Question: Roughly how much of the last 10km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads? C. Off road Variable Label: Off road Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=0 kms, 1=<5 kms, 2=5-9 kms, 3=All Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 107D Question: Roughly how much of the last 10km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads? D. Tarred or concrete roads Variable Label: Tarred Values: 0-3 Value Labels: 0=0 kms, 1=<5 kms, 2=5-9 kms, 3=All Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 108A Question: Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? A. No one present? Variable Label: No one present Values: 0, 97 Value Labels: 0=No one present, 97=Not Applicable Source: new question Notes: Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four
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separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 108B Question: Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? B. Spouse present Variable Label: Spouse present Values: 1, 97 Value Labels: 1=Spouse present, 97=Not Applicable Source: new question Notes: Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 108C Question: Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? C. Children only present Variable Label: Children present Values: 2, 97 Value Labels: 2=Children present, 97=Not Applicable Source: new question Notes: Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 108D Question: Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? D. A few others present Variable Label: A few others present Values: 3, 97 Value Labels: 3=A few others present, 97=Not Applicable Source: new question Notes: Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) Question Number: 109 Question: Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? Variable Label: Check with others? Values: 0-1, 99 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 110 Question: Do you think anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview. Variable Label: Influenced by others Values: 0-1, 99 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 111
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Question: What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? Variable Label: Difficulty answering? Values: 0-4, 99 Value Labels: 0=None, 1=Few, 2=Some, 3=Most, 4=All, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 112A Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? A. Friendly or Hostile? Variable Label: Respondent friendly? Values: 1-3, 99 Value Labels: 1=Friendly, 2=In between, 3=Hostile, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 112B Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? B. Interested or Bored? Variable Label: Respondent Interested? Values: 1-3, 99 Value Labels: 1=Interested, 2=In between, 3=Bored, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 112C Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? C. Cooperative or Uncooperative? Variable Label: Respondent Cooperative? Values: 1-3, 99 Value Labels: 1=Cooperative, 2=In between, 3=Uncooperative, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 112D Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? D. Patient or Impatient? Variable Label: Respondent Patient? Values: 1-3, 99 Value Labels: 1=Patient, 2=In between, 3=Impatient, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 112E Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? E. At ease or suspicious? Variable Label: Respondent at ease? Values: 1-3, 99 Value Labels: 1=At ease, 2=In between, 3=Suspicious, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 112F Question: What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? F. Honest or Misleading? Variable Label: Respondent honest? Values: 1-3, 99 Value Labels: 1=Honest, 2=In between, 3=Misleading, 99=Missing Data Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 113A
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Question: Did your presence in the area arouse interest from the neighbors? Variable Label: Neighbors interested? Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 113B Question: Did your presence in the area arouse suspicion from neighbors Variable Label: Neighbors suspicious? Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 113C Question: Were you approached by community and/or political representatives? Variable Label: Political representatives? Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. . Question Number: 113D Question: Did you feel threatened during the interview? Variable Label: Feel threatened? Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 113E Question: Were you physically threatened during the interview? Variable Label: Physically threatened? Values: 0-1 Value Labels: 0=No, 1=Yes Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 114 Question: Interviewer: Do you come from a rural or urban area? Variable Label: Interviewer origin Values: 1-2 Value Labels: 1=Urban, 2=Rural Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator. Question Number: 115 Question: Interviewer: What is your gender? Variable Label: Interviewer gender Values: 1-2 Value Labels: 1=Male, 2=Female Source: new question Notes: Question was answered by enumerator.
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