Attitudes and Perceptions of Fishers towards the 25-year old Seasonal Closed Measure in Phang-Nga &...

Attitudes and Perceptions of Fishers towards

the 25-year old Seasonal Closed Measure in Phang-Nga & Krabi Bays, Thailand

by

Ms. Sampan Panjarat

ST109098

NRM, AIT16th May, 2011

2

Content

1. Introduction & Objectives

2. Method

3. Result

4. Conclusion

5. Recommendation

Abbreviations

A&P Attitude and PerceptionASCT Andaman Sea Coast of ThailandIUU Illegal Unregulated Unreported FisheriesLSF Large-Scale Fisheries

PB Phang-Nga BayKB Krabi BaySCM Seasonal Closed MeasureSSF Small-Scale Fisheries

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Introduction

4

What are attitude and perception?

Attitude: a complex mental state involving beliefs,

feelings, values and dispositions to act in certain ways

Perception: cognition, believe, opinion, understanding

the synonym of awareness, sense and recognition

Source: The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Collins English Dictionary- Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition.

Method Method conclusionconclusionIntro. & objectivesIntro. & objectives Recommend.Recommend.Result: Knowledge Participation, A&PResult: Knowledge Participation, A&P4

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blog.self-improvement-saga.com

Attitudes: influence behaviors (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975).

Perception: affects the decision making (The American Heritage®

Dictionary of the English Language (4th Edition).

Why important?

“Attitude is a little thing that

make a big difference”

--Winston Churchill--

Method Method conclusionconclusionIntro. & objectivesIntro. & objectives Recommend.Recommend.Result: Knowledge Participation, A&PResult: Knowledge Participation, A&P

6

Attitude & Perception towards Fishery Management

fishers’ perception will influence fishers’ attitude towards compliance or non-compliance behaviors (Raakjaer & Neilsen, 2003)

short term: extreme enforcement

long term: sincerely comply of resource users (Raakjaer & Neilsen, 2003)


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Seasonal Closed Measure (SCM)

Thailand

Trang

Phang-Nga

Krabi

Phuket

The 1985 SCM The 2007 SCM

2 months

15 Apr-15Jun

3 months

1 Apr-30Jun

Prohibited: trawlers, purse seiners, gill nets (Ø < 4.7 cm)

Exempted: day-anchovy purse seiners (PB),

nets operating to weir or fence

PB

KB

KB

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Emphasize ecological aspect rather than social aspect Illegal fishing: enforcement is expensive

Year No. of incident budget (mil USD) IUU budget (m USD)

2006 100 8.5 0

2007 129 8.5 0

2008 88 8.5 10

2009 72 9.5 10Source: (DOF, 2010)

In reality: Illegal fishing incidents suppose to be higher (2.5 mil USD/year)

The overexploitation (pelagic fish 333%, demersal fish 200%) (TDRI, 1995)

High expectation for compliance: spawning & nursing season

SCM & Research Gaps


9

Objectives

Knowledge of fishers about the SCM

Participation of fishers in the SCM

A&P (agreeing, impact, satisfaction, behaviors & opinion)

Examine: how can the research finding be integrated to facilitate the effectiveness of the SCM


10

Method

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PB (49)

SSF= 22 samples

Bann Klong Kein

Bann Koh Yao, Phang Nga

LSF=27 samples

Bann Koh Sire , PhuketKB (51)

SSF=41 samples

Bo Muang, Krabi

Kao Kramm, Krabi

Dann , Trang

Tasae, Trang

Koa Kiam, Trang

Modtanoy, Trang

LSF=10 samples

Bann Si Thai, Krabi

Thailand

Trang

Phang-Nga

Krabi

Phuket

The 1985 SCM The 2007 SCM

PB

KB

KB

Structure questionnaire validity, reliability (Cronbach’s α 0.6-0.8)

Face to face interview


AFRDEC nd AFRDEC nd

AFRDEC, nd

Result

13

Knowledge & understanding of fishers on the SCM

SAMPAN Dec 2010

SAMPAN Dec 2010


14

PB &KB: low knowledge & understanding on the SCM

KB: lower knowledge on the exempted gear


15

Participation in the SCM

SAMPAN Dec 2010 SAMPAN Dec 2010

16

Most of fishers lack of participation especially, fishers in KB

PB & KB: accepted that if fish amount increase it will be available for all fishers to share

Method Method conclusionconclusionIntro. & objectivesIntro. & objectives Recommend.Recommend.Result: Knowledge Participation A&PResult: Knowledge Participation A&P

17

SAMPAN Dec 2010

A & PSAMPAN Nov 2010

18

KB: disagreed with the time of restriction KB: stated neutral on the Exempted gear PB & KB fishers disagreed with performance of patrol officers

d0 not monitor & observe, when demanded by fishers can not handle the violators do not have a fair evenhanded treatment for all fishers believed that corruption was existent

Agreement


www.fisheries.go.th

19

PB: SCM negatively impact on conflict

PB: disagreed with the increasing sizes of fish

PB & KB: agreed with the increasing amount of fish

Perception on Impact

SAMPAN, Dec2010


20

Satisfied: 74%

Dissatisfied: 26%

Satisfaction


21

Some fishers opposed the amendment A few fishers fished illegally Fishers distrusted fishers from outside their communities Fishers did not call patrol: distrusted, do not want to face

difficulties

Behavioral Attributes


22

Fishers agreed on the existence of the SCM it still needs improvement e.g. area & time,

regulation after the closed season

Opinion


23

Conclusion

most fishers had low knowledge on the SCM: standard knowledge did not reach fishers

fishers lacked participation in most activities especially in KB: inappropriate mechanisms of participation

some fishers disagreed 0r opposed the SCM

(time & area)

a few fishers persist to brake the SCM


24

Conclusion

disagreed with performance of patrol

distrust patrol officers: did not call patrol

distrusted outside fishers

satisfied: 74%, dissatisfied: 26%

the SCM still requires an improvement


25

Enhance standard knowledge transfer: social network participation & involvement

Enhance full participation: appropriate mechanisms & concern social

characteristics : meeting & discussion in local level, network, association

Assess the SCM time & areas of restriction exempted gear scientific & traditional knowledge, local

involvement building of trust and commitment

Recommendation


26

Examine performance of patrol officers Build trust: information sharing, save cost Conflict management

Recommendation

for further study

More contribution of the social science research in fisheries management


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acknowledgement

All fishers who participated in this study Local agencies in Phuket, Phang-Nga,

Krabi & Trang Prof. Ganesh P. Shivakoti, Dr. Roland

Cochard & Dr. Theo W. Ebbers Ramya Tajagopalan The Ministry of Agriculture and

Cooperatives (MOAC), Thailand

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References

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Collins English Dictionary- Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition.

DOF. (2010). The statistic of the illegal fishing incidents. Retrieve April 20, 2010, from http://www.fisheries.go.th/management/marine-admin/index.htm

Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I., (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: an introduction to theory and research. Reading, Massachusetts, USA: Addison-Wesley cooperatives. Human Organization, 52 (4), 356–367.

Raakjaer, J. and Neilsen, R. (2003). An analytical framework for studying: compliance and legitimacy in fisheries management. Marine Policy, 27, 425-432.

TDRI. (1995). Natural Resources Management in Mainland Southeast Asia. 36 p.

Thomson, B. D. (n.d.). Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation of Small-Scale Fisheries: Experiences from Thailand: 19 pp.

29 Thank You

Attitudes and Perceptions of Fishers towards the 25-year old Seasonal Closed Measure in Phang-Nga &...

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