Attention

ATTENTION

Dr. Jayesh V Patidar

www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

INTRODUCTION

Attention is the focus of

consciousness on a particular object

or ideas at a particular time, to the

exclusion of other objects or ideas.

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All Searches Are NOT Equal


A Is More Difficult Than B

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Why Is This Important?

Watch the Dial Watch for Light


Is There Trouble?2/6/201517 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

DEFINATION

Attention is the concentration of conscious

upon one object rather than upon another

- (Dumyille-1938)

Attention is defined as a process which

compels the individual to select some

particular stimulus according to his interest &

attitude out of the multiplicity of stimuli

present in the environment.

- (Sharma RN-1967)


CHARACTERISTICS OF

ATTENTION It is a selective mental activity.

It is constantly shifts from one object to another

or from one aspect of the situation to another.

Attention is focusing of consciousness on a

particular object.

Attention is a state of preparedness or

alertness: Process of attention involves motor

adjustments on the part of the person who is

attentive.


TYPES OR VARIETIES OF

ATTENTION

Voluntary (volitional)

Involuntary (non-volitional)


TYPES OR VARIETIES OF ATTENTION

It demands the conscious effort on our part.

For example, solving an assigned problem in

Mathematics, answering a question in

examination needs voluntary attention.

It is further sub divided into two categories:

Implicit volitional attention

Explicit volitional attention


Voluntary Attention


Implicit volitional attention:

— A single act of will is responsible for arousing

attention.

— For example; a teacher assigns practice work

to a child & warns of punishment if not

completed. This can make him exercise his

will power, attend to assigned task & finish it

properly.


Voluntary Attention


Explicit volitional attention:

— Attention is obtained by repeated acts of will.

— One has to struggle hard for keeping oneself

attentive; it requires a strong will power, keen

attention & strong motives for accomplishment

of the task.

— For example, the attention paid during

examination days for securing good grades.


Voluntary Attention


This type of attention is aroused without the

play of will or without making a conscious effort

on our part.

For example, we give involuntary attention to

loud sounds, bright lights & strong odors etc

Involuntary non-volitional attention aroused by

the instincts is called enforced non-volitional

attention. For example, giving attention out of

curiosity.2/6/201524 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com

Involuntary Attention


Non-volitional attention aroused by the

sentiments is called spontaneous non-volitional

attention. For example, we give somewhat

automatic or spontaneous attention towards

some objects, idea, person around which our

sentiments are formed.


Involuntary Attention

USES OF ATTENTION

It provides strength & ability to continue the

task of cognitive functioning despite the

obstacles put by the distractions like noise

& other weather conditions.

It helps in better organization of the

perceptual field for maximum clarity &

understanding of the object or

phenomenon.


USES OF ATTENTION

Count…

It helps in bringing mental alertness &

preparedness.

It helps in providing deeper concentration by

focusing one’s consciousness upon one

object at a time rather than two.


METHOD OF AROUSING ATTENTION

(OR)

FACTOR AND CONDITIONS

FAVORABLE FOR CAPTURING

ATTENTION

(OR)

DETERMINANTS OF ATTENTION

External Factors or Conditions

Internal Factors or Conditions


External Factors or Conditions

Nature of the stimulus

Intensity of the stimulus

Size of the stimulus

Contrast, change & Novelty

Location of the stimulus

Repetition of stimulus

Movement of the stimulus

Definite form of the object

Isolation of the stimulus

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Internal Factors or Conditions

Interest & attention

Motives

Mental set-up

Past experience

Emotion

Habit

Aim

Meaning

Disposition & temperament

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DURATION AND DEGREE

OF ATTENTION Span of attention: The maximum amount of

material that can be attended in one period of

attention is called span to attention. This can

be visual attention or auditory attention.

Span of visual attention: Experiments have

been carried out to measure the span of visual

attention by making brief exposures to a

number of object. The time of exposure is very

short, ranging from 1/100 to 1/5 of a second.


DURATION AND DEGREE

OF ATTENTION Span of auditory attention: The number of

auditory impressions perceived at a single

instance is slightly greater. An adult can

perceive eight sounds given rapidly in

succession. But when sounds are given in a

rhythm, a much larger number of sounds can

be perceived.


DURATION AND DEGREE

OF ATTENTION Duration of Attention:

It refers to how long one can attend to an object

without a break.

If we attend to a single, simple object for instance, a

dot, it will remain in the focus of our consciousness

for only a second at the most, then something in the

margin will crowd it out or memory of a past event

will intrude.

The duration of attention depends upon the nature

of the material, the interest of the observer, & other

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DURATION AND DEGREE

OF ATTENTION Sustained Attention (Act of Fixation of mind):

To sustain attention, is to concentrate one’s activity

continuously upon some object or a happening or a

problem.

The individual attention always remains on tract &

the activity proceeds systematically without any

serious distraction.

All internal as well as external factors of getting

attention can be helpful in this track.

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DURATION AND DEGREE

OF ATTENTION Shifting Attention:

While paying attention towards an object or an

event it is not possible to hold attention continuously

with the same intensity for a longer duration.

It is constantly shifting from one object to another,

from one aspect of the situation to another.

We can perform only one voluntary act at a time &

not two or more acts at a time.

We can quickly shift attention from one voluntary act

to another.

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DURATION AND DEGREE

OF ATTENTION Division of Attention:

Division of attention means to attend to two or more

tasks simultaneously.

Psychologists say we cannot attend to two things at

a given time, & there is no possibility of division of

attention.

The reason for paying attention to more than one

task at a given time can be:

— In performing two tasks simultaneously one of the

two activities requires no attention.

— Attention rapidly shifts from one task to the other2/6/2015

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DISTRACTION

Distraction means any stimulus whose

presence interferes with the process of

attention or draws away attention from the

object which we wish to attend.

-(HR Bhatia-1968)


SOURCES OF DISTRACTION

External Factors/Environmental factors: Noise, music, improper

lighting, uncomfortable seats, unfavorable temperature, inadequate ventilation etc.

Internal factors: Emotional disturbances, ill health, boredom,

lack of motivation, fatigue etc.


TYPES OF DISTRATION

Continuous distraction

Discontinuous distraction


IMPORTANCE OF ATTENTION IN

NURSING PROFESSION

It helps in bringing mental alertness &

preparedness.

It helps the nurse to concentrate by

focusing consciousness on one object at a

time rather than two.

It helps the nurse for better organization of

the perceptual field for maximum clarity &

understanding of the patient condition.


Count…

It provides strength & ability to

continue the task of cognitive

functioning despite the obstacles laid

by the distractions.

The nurse can use psychology of

attention for invoking not only

voluntary but also involuntary

attention to her job.


Thank you


Attention

Education

Transcript of Attention