ATP The Energy Currency of Living Organisms. Objectives Understand the molecule ATP.
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Transcript of ATP The Energy Currency of Living Organisms. Objectives Understand the molecule ATP.
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ATPThe Energy Currency of Living Organisms
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Objectives
•Understand the molecule ATP
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Expected outcome
•Describe the structure of ATP
•Explain how ATP is broken down and synthesised
•Explain why ATP is known as the universal energy currency
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Why do organisms need energy?
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Why do organisms need energy?Metabolism- chemical reactions
Active transport- moving ions and molecules against a concentration gradient
Movement- within an organism and locomotion
Cell division- division, maintenance and repair of organelles
Synthesis of molecules- e.g. enzymes and hormones
Maintaining body temperature- in birds and mammals (endotherms), replacing heat lost to the environment.
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The energy comes from ATP
•Adenosine Triphosphate•3 components;
•Adenine•Ribose•3 Phosphate groups
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ATP Molecule
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How ATP produces energy• The breakdown of ATP releases the energy that
living organisms require.
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ATP Breakdown
Adenosine Pi Pi Pi
H2O
30Kj
Adenosine diphosphate
ADP
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Recycling ATP
ATP ADP Pi
Energy Release to Cells
Energy from respirationhttp://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html
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Roles
•Metabolism•Synthesis e.g.•Polysaccharides•Amino acids•DNA/RNA
•Movement•Muscle contraction•Energy to allow muscle filaments to slide
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Roles
•Active Transport•Changes the shape of carrier proteins
•Secretion•Forms the lysosomes necessary for
exocytosis
•Chemical Reactions•A phosphate molecule from ATP can be
transferred to another molecule•Makes it more reactive•Lowers activation energy
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The Universal Energy Currency•ATP is a universal energy currency
•What does this mean?
•What is the significance?
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The Universal Energy Currency• What does this mean?• Common intermediate in many reactions• Links energy requiring and energy producing
reactions
• What is the significance?• It is universal with all living things• Easily participates in many reactions• Drives most biological processes• One molecule can be synthesised and perform a
large number of jobs• Only one system is used to deliver to many reactions
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Homework•1. Create a poster on A4 paper to advertise
ATP- your new “energy” currency• Include:•A description of the molecule•An explanation of how it works•The advantageous features of the molecule
•You will also gain marks for creativity and organisation
•2. Background reading for next lesson: glycolysis
•http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookGlyc.html#Glycolysis