Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond Chapter 10 Great Idea: Atoms bind together in chemical...
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Transcript of Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond Chapter 10 Great Idea: Atoms bind together in chemical...
![Page 1: Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond Chapter 10 Great Idea: Atoms bind together in chemical reactions by the rearrangement of electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bfba1a28abf838ca07dd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond
Chapter 10
Great Idea:Atoms bind together in chemical reactions by
the rearrangement of electrons
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Chapter Outline
• Our Material World• Electron Shells, the Periodic Table,
and Chemical Bonds• Types of Chemical Bonds• States of Matter• Chemical Reactions and the
Formation of Chemical Bonds
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Our Material World
• What have you thrown out?• Recycling• Biodegradable materials• Chemical bond
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Electron Shells, the Periodic Table, and Chemical Bonds
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Electron Shells, the Periodic Table, and Chemical Bonds
• Chemical Bond– Valence electrons
• Stable configuration– To fill outer shell
• Give electrons• Accept electrons• Share electrons
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Types of Chemical Bonds
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Ionic Bonds
• Bond of electrostatic attraction– Donate or accept electron(s)
Example: Na and ClFiery reaction results in stable crystal
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Metallic Bonds
• Share electrons
• Characteristics– Shiny, conduct electricity, malleable
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Covalent Bonds
• Share electrons– Molecules share
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Covalent Bonds
• Carbon– Single bond, double bond
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Polarization and Hydrogen Bonds
• Polar molecules• Hydrogen Bond
– Weak bond
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Van der Waals Forces
• Weak bonds between molecules• Example:
– Clay– Stack of paper
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States of Matter
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States of Matter
• States of Matter– Gas– Liquid– Solid– Plasma
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Gases, Plasma, and Liquids
• Gas– No volume or shape– Expands to fill container
• Plasma– Positive nuclei in sea of
electrons– Properties
• Liquids– Fixed volume, no shape– Surface tension
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Solids• Solids
– Fixed shape and volume
• Crystals– Regular repeating
sequence
• Glasses– No predictable
arrangment
• Polymers– Chains of
molecules– Plastics
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Changes of State
• Transitions– Freezing, melting– Boiling, condensation– sublimation
• No temperature change during phase change
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Chemical Reactions and the Formation of Chemical Bonds
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Chemical Reactions and the Formation of Chemical Bonds
• Chemical reactions– Interaction of molecules– Reactantsproducts– Reactants must balance
• Example– 2H2 + O2 2H2O
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Chemical Reactions and Energy: Rolling Down the Chemical Hill
• Energy of an electron– Kinetic and potential
• Energy changes with bonding– Exothermic– Endothermic
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Common Chemical Reactions
• Oxidation– Transfer electrons
• Reduction– Accepts electrons
• Precipitation-Solution Reactions• Acid-Base Reactions
– Acid produces H+
– Base produces OH-
– pH scale
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Common Chemical Reactions cont.
• Polymerization
Condensation Reaction
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Common Chemical Reactions cont.
• Polymerization
Addition Polymerization
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• Depolymerization
Forms of Polymers
Common Chemical Reactions cont.
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Building Molecules: The Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons– Composed of H and C atoms– Chain length– Isomers