Atoms, Electrons & Energy Levelsslavenschemistry.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/2/0/...Rare Earth Metals •...
Transcript of Atoms, Electrons & Energy Levelsslavenschemistry.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/2/0/...Rare Earth Metals •...
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Atoms, Electrons & Energy Levels
Electrons are the bonds that hold the world together!
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What’s in an Atom?
rotons
lectrons
eutrons
Nucleus
in surrounding cloud
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rotons
lectrons
tomic Number
eutrons
C Carbon
6
12
tomic number
ass number = No. of
= No. of
= No. of
-
From the Periodic Table …
http://us.bestgraph.com/gifs/singes-5.html
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Electron Cloud?
Energy Level
(Principal Quantum Number)
Electron Capacity
1 2
2 8
3 18
4 32
5 50
6 72 http://store.odulo.com/Item.asp?id=220
H Hydrogen
1
1
http://www.fg-a.com/clipart_science_2.shtml
He
Helium
2
4
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The periodic table is the most important tool in the chemist’s
toolbox!
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Periodic Table Navigation
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Periodic Law: When elements are arranged in
order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.
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The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called PERIODS.
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Each new period (row) represents an energy level
added.
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The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.
The elements in any group of the periodic table have similar
physical and chemical properties!
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The GROUP provides information about the number of valence electrons.
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
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This Bohr diagram illustrates energy levels and electrons for Phosphorous
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Understand: • Bohr diagram
• Energy level
• Valence electron
• Electron cloud
• Atomic Mass
• Atomic number
• Periodic trend
http://www.pbs.org/hollywoodpresents/copenhagen/story/bohr.html
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Alkali Metals
• 1 electron in outer energy shell • React with water to release H2 gas
• The most reactive metals
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Alkaline Earth Metals
• 2 electrons in outer energy shell
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Transition Metals
• Generally 2 electrons in outer energy level • Commonly have more than one oxidation number
• Form compounds that are brightly colored
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Rare Earth Metals • 2 electrons in outer energy level • Primary oxidation number is +3
• Lanthanide series: soft, malleable metals with high lustre and conductivity
• Actinoid series: All radioactive; most human-made
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Metalloids
• Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals • Elements touching the stairstep
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Halogens
• 7 electrons in their outer energy level • Easily combine with metals to form salts
• Most reactive of all nonmetals
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Noble Gases
• Full outer energy level • Almost completely inactive (“inert”)
• All are colorless gases • Argon is the most abundant, making up almost 1% of air
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Got it?