Atomic Structure Standard Atomic Notation Isotopes Isotopic Abundance.
Atomic Symbols and Isotopes
description
Transcript of Atomic Symbols and Isotopes
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Atomic Symbols and Isotopes
mass # neutrons + protons
protons
# protons = # of electrons for a NEUTRAL atom
K3919
How many neutrons are present?How many electrons are present?
39 - 19 = 20 n0
19 e-
atomic # element Symbol
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Name Symbol Protons Neutrons
Atomic Number
Mass Numbe
r
Carbon-14 6 8 6 14
Potassium-41 19 22 19 41
Lead-206 82 124 82 206
146C
Complete the Table Below
4119K20682Pb
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What is radioactivity?
Radioactivity occurs when an unstable nucleus spontaneously emits fragments of the nucleus and/or energy.
Unstable Nucleus = Radioactive
Why are only some isotopes radioactive?
The ratio of protons to neutrons in the nucleus determines whether or not a nucleus is radioactive.
Radioactivity
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Depicting Nuclear Reaction
For nuclear reactions, the sum of the mass numbers (top numbers) and the sum of the atomic numbers (bottom number)
must be the same on both sides.
Mass Numbers: 9 + 4 = 12 + 1 13 = 13
Atomic Numbers: 4 + 2 = 6 + 0 6 = 6
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Finding the Missing Nucleus
Mass Numbers234 = 4 + ?
? = 230
Atomic Numbers90 = 2 + ?
? = 88
?42
23490 HeTh
Ra23088
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Finding the Missing Nucleus
Mass Numbers14 = 0 + A
A = 14
Atomic Numbers6 = -1 + Z
Z = 7
XeC AZ
01
146
N147
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Examples of Transmutation Reactions
These are all transmutation reactions because the elements on the left side are
changed to produce a different element on the right side.
RaHeTh 23088
42
23490 NeC 14
701
146
HeBBeH 42
85
94
113
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Emissions from Radioisotopes
Type of Particle Emitte
d
Description Symbol Mass Charge
Why is it Emitted
?
AlphaA HeliumNucleus 4 amu +2
Nucleus is too large.
BetaA Fast Moving
Electron -1Too many neutrons
GammaElectromagneti
c Radiation 0 amu 0Too much
energy
4242 orHe
0101 ore
00
amu1840
1
A radioisotope is a nucleus that is radioactive or unstable.
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Writing Nuclear Decay Equations
Write the nuclear decay equation for the alpha decay of uranium-238.
ThHeU 23490
42
23892
Start your decay equation by writing the symbol for this nucleus and then follow it
with an arrow.
Write the symbol for the type of decay.
Mass Number: 238 = 4 + ? ? = 234
Atomic Number: 92 = 2 + ? ? = 90
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Write the nuclear decay equation for the beta decay of iodine-131.
Mass Number: 131 = 0 + ? ? = 131
Atomic Number: 53 = -1 + ? ? = 54
Writing Nuclear Decay Equations
XeeI 13154
01
13153
Start your decay equation by writing the symbol for this nucleus and then follow it
with an arrow.
Write the symbol for the type of decay.
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CC 146
00
146
Write the nuclear decay equation the emission of a gamma ray from carbon-14.
Mass Number: 14 = 0 + ? ? = 14
Atomic Number: 6 = 0 + ? ? = 6
Writing Nuclear Decay Equations
Start your decay equation by writing the symbol for this nucleus and then follow it
with an arrow.
Write the symbol for the type of decay.
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Examples of Transmutation Reactions
These are all transmutation reactions because the elements on the left side are
changed to produce a different element on the right side.
RaHeTh 23088
42
23490 NeC 14
701
146
HeBBeH 42
85
94
113
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Decay Series for Uranium-238
This diagram shows the
steps that an isotope of
uranium takes to reach a
stable isotope, lead-206.
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A Closer Look at the Decay Series
Write a nuclear decay equation for what we occur to uranium-234 according to this decay series.
HeThU 42
23090
23492
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A Closer Look at the Decay Series
Write a nuclear decay equation for what we occur to lead-210 according to this decay series.
210 210 082 83 1Pb Bi e
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Writing Nuclear Decay Equations
Write the nuclear decay equation for the alpha decay of uranium-238.
ThHeU 23490
42
23892
Start your decay equation by writing the symbol for this nucleus and then follow it
with an arrow.
Write the symbol for the type of decay.
Mass Number: 238 = 4 + ? ? = 234
Atomic Number: 92 = 2 + ? ? = 90
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Write the nuclear decay equation for the beta decay of iodine-131.
Mass Number: 131 = 0 + ? ? = 131
Atomic Number: 53 = -1 + ? ? = 54
Writing Nuclear Decay Equations
XeeI 13154
01
13153
Start your decay equation by writing the symbol for this nucleus and then follow it
with an arrow.
Write the symbol for the type of decay.
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CC 146
00
146
Write the nuclear decay equation the emission of a gamma ray from carbon-14.
Mass Number: 14 = 0 + ? ? = 14
Atomic Number: 6 = 0 + ? ? = 6
Writing Nuclear Decay Equations
Start your decay equation by writing the symbol for this nucleus and then follow it
with an arrow.
Write the symbol for the type of decay.
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Protecting Ourselves from Radioactive Particles
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Positive Uses of Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Power Nuclear Medicine
Kills Bacteria on Food