Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of...

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Atomic Structure Models

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Page 1: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Atomic Structure Models

Page 2: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

The Ancient ModelGreeks were first to consider

the fundamental nature of matter.

Cut something in half enough times

eventually it becomes a single uncuttable piece.

The ATOM (atomos = greek for “uncuttable”

Page 3: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

JJ Thompson - The “Plum Pudding” model

Positive charge sphere (the pudding)

Studded with negative charge electrons (the raisins)

Used Cathode Ray Tubes and measured deflection of particles

Page 4: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

The Cathode Ray Tube

Cathode Ray Tube

Page 5: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Ernest RutherfordDiscovered the Nucleus!

Alpha Particles shot at gold foil were expected to pass right through

Instead a small percentage of them were deflected!

This meant there had to be a concentration of mass at the center!

Page 6: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Rutherford

Page 7: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

James ChadwickDiscovered the Neutron!

Beryllium was bombarded with radiation

It emitted particles with NO charge (neutral)

Page 8: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

The final piece of the atomic puzzle… but was it all assembled correctly?

The Atom?

Page 9: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Today’s Quantum ModelThe electron “cloud” model

Electrons do not “orbit” the nucleus like planets

They have “regions of probability”

This is where electrons are LIKELY to be found.

They move too fast to observe continuously!

Page 10: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.
Page 11: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Grouping the Elements

Page 12: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table have been

grouped into families based on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

Page 13: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Basic classificationsMetals – Shiny, silver/grey/whitish, good

conductors, malleable, high melting pointsNonmetals – Dull, low melting points, poor

conductors, brittle, Metalloids – Not metals, but not nonmetals

either… properties of both!

Page 14: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

shells

Page 15: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member, it

is a non-metal (but also a Metal)

1 electron in the outer shell

Soft and silvery metals

Very reactive, esp. with water

Conduct electricity

Page 16: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the

outer shell

White and malleable

Reactive, but less than Alkali metals

Conduct electricity

Page 17: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

TRANSITION METALSGroups in the

middle

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Some are used for jewelry.

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

Page 18: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

BORON FAMILY Group 33 electrons in

the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a

metalloidAluminum is on

the metal/non-metal border, but is NOT a metalloid!

Page 19: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

CARBON FAMILY Group 44 electrons in

the outer shell

Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

Si and Ge vital to the information age (computers)

Page 20: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 55 electrons in

the outer shellEasily share

electrons to form compounds (N and P especially)

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Page 21: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 66 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

Page 22: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

HalogensGroup 7All are non-metals

(Astatine is a metalloid)

One electron away from full outer shells!

Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1

Like NaCl (Table salt!)

Page 23: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Noble GasesGroup 8Exist as gases

Non-metals

Full Outer electron shells, they don’t want to share!

Not reactive with other elements

Page 24: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Rare Earth MetalsMany are

Radioactive

The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

Large Nuclei!

Page 25: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Why not show it this way?What would be the difficulty with this?

Page 26: Atomic Structure Models. The Ancient Model Greeks were first to consider the fundamental nature of matter. Cut something in half enough times eventually.

Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks.

Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks.

Abstract Pressed Landscape · walls of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks adorned their walls with beautiful gardens and rolling hills. Eventually, these scenes became the background

Abstract Pressed Landscape · walls of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks adorned their walls with beautiful gardens and rolling hills. Eventually, these scenes became the background

Famous greeks

Famous greeks

All Greeks

All Greeks

AP Chemistry Chemical Particles. Historical Development of the Atomic Model Greek model of atom Greeks (~400 B.C.E.) Matter is discontinuous (i.e., “grainy”).

AP Chemistry Chemical Particles. Historical Development of the Atomic Model Greek model of atom Greeks (~400 B.C.E.) Matter is discontinuous (i.e., “grainy”).

Atomic Theory. Atomic History Ancient Greeks John Dalton JJ Thomson Ernest Rutherford James Chadwick Neils Bohr Erwin Schrödinger.

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Welcome’to’CEM141’ Dr.’JAMES’GEIGER · 2012-09-10 · Atomic Theory of Matter The theory of atoms: Original to the Greeks Leuccipus, Democritus and Lucretius (Aristotle

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Unit 4: Atomic Structure · 2012. 10. 16. · 7 Structure of the Atom The Development of Modern Atomic Theory I. The earliest models A. Greeks 1. Approximately 400 BC the Greeks classified

the greeks

the greeks

4.1 Atomic Theory - Weebly · Web viewCh 4 - Atomic Theory 4.1 Atomic Theory Review Vocabulary – Theory New Vocabulary – Dalton’s Atomic Theory Main Idea -The ancient Greeks

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Arturo Perry Jr. Room 206. Language The Ancient Greeks were the first Americans to read and write with an Alphabet, which eventually led to all modern.

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Atomic Theory & the Periodic Table A Review. Atomic History Ancient Greeks Alchemists John Dalton Dmitri Mendeleev JJ Thomson Sir William Crookes Ernest.

Atomic Theory & the Periodic Table A Review. Atomic History Ancient Greeks Alchemists John Dalton Dmitri Mendeleev JJ Thomson Sir William Crookes Ernest.

Atomic Structure Atomic Theory The Greeks History of the Atom In 400 B.C the Greeks tried to understand matter (chemicals) and broke them down into.

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Atomic Theory Chapter 11, Section 1. Ancient Greeks AristotleDemocritus (440 BC) Break things apart forever and keep their identity All things were.

Atomic Theory Chapter 11, Section 1. Ancient Greeks AristotleDemocritus (440 BC) Break things apart forever and keep their identity All things were.

The ATOM & RADIOACTIVITYalmarazr/S19-SBSP/ppt/...Atomic Structure Discovered Ancient Greeks ... Radioactivity. Beta particle: • is an ejected electron from a neutron • has both

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History of Atomic Models The Atom. Early Greeks Believed matter could be broken into four categories: Fire (Plasma) Earth (Solid) Water (Liquid)

History of Atomic Models The Atom. Early Greeks Believed matter could be broken into four categories: Fire (Plasma) Earth (Solid) Water (Liquid)

Hellenistic Greeks

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Atomic History - Chemistry Tutorials and Helppasschemistry.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/History-of... · 2015-02-23 · Atomic History The Greeks • The idea of the atom • In

Atomic History - Chemistry Tutorials and Helppasschemistry.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/History-of... · 2015-02-23 · Atomic History The Greeks • The idea of the atom • In

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History of the Atomic Theory Ancient Greeks (B.C.) Aristotle Four Elements: Earth Water Air Fire.

Atomic Theory Ancient Greeks believed that elements must be made up of small indivisible particles they called atomos, meaning indivisible…where the word.

Atomic Theory Ancient Greeks believed that elements must be made up of small indivisible particles they called atomos, meaning indivisible…where the word.