Atomic Structure, Isotopesbrownk/ES105/ES105.2006.0117.Atom.f.pdfAtomic Structure • Protons –...
Transcript of Atomic Structure, Isotopesbrownk/ES105/ES105.2006.0117.Atom.f.pdfAtomic Structure • Protons –...
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Atomic Structure, Isotopes
STM Chapter 5Pages 88-108
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Diagram of Atom
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Electrolysis of Salts
• Anode +• Cathode –• Opposites attract
– particles ++ particles –
• – particle: ANION• + particle: CATION
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Cathode Ray Tube
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Cathode ray deflection diagram
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Cathode ray deflection photo
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Perforated cathode
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Static on oil drops
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Radioactive emissions and their charge
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Gold foil deflects a few alpha particles
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Model to explain alpha particle deflection
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Atomic model analogy
http://www.sportslighting.com/feature/ls.html
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Analogy of atom--cont
http://www.joesentell.com/panther/panther.htm
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~drhodes/hort410/vgsd13.htm
http://www.skynet.ie/~ceason/cormac/stuff/housefly_anim.gif
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Hydrogen ion
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Protons and Neutrons in Nucleus
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Atomic Structure
• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons
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Atomic Structure
• Neutrons– Electrical charge 0– Mass = 1 atomic unit
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Atomic Structure
• Protons– Electrical charge +1– Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (u)
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Atomic Structure
• Electrons– Electrical charge -1– Mass = almost nothing (1/1837
of a proton)
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Atomic Structure
• Protons• NeutronsMake up the NUCLEUSNEW KLEE USNucleons—have massNEW KLEE ONS• Electrons—minimal mass
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Analogy of atom--cont
http://www.joesentell.com/panther/panther.htm
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~drhodes/hort410/vgsd13.htm
http://www.skynet.ie/~ceason/cormac/stuff/housefly_anim.gif
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Protons and Neutrons in Nucleus
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Atomic Structure
• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons
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Atomic Structure
• Protons– Atomic Number– Controls properties of elements– Constant number for all atoms of
the same element
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Atomic Structure
• Neutrons– Atoms may have different
numbers of neutrons– Different atomic masses of
atoms of the same element– ISOTOPES of the same element
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Isotope notation
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In-class activity
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In-class activity
• How many neutrons?• How many nucleons?
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In-class activity
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Electrons
• Positioned in energy levels• First_level 2• Second_level 8• Higher_levels temporarily_fill_with_8
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Neils Bohr’s electron energy level diagram
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In Class Activity # 3
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Periodic Table
http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/honors.chem/lectures/lecture_2/node5.html
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Groups of the Periodic Table
• Alkali Metals—first column• Alkaline Earth Metals—second column• Halogens—next to last column• Noble Gases—last column
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Periodic table with metals/nonmetals noted
http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/StructClassMattHomePage.htm