Isotope Formulae, Electron Configurations & Orbital Diagrams
ATOMIC STRUCTURE · •Electron Configuration Wkst . ATOMIC STRUCTURE Orbital diagrams and electron...
Transcript of ATOMIC STRUCTURE · •Electron Configuration Wkst . ATOMIC STRUCTURE Orbital diagrams and electron...
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Electron Configuration
Building the Atom
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Remember… Atomic Number (Z) : the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. Mass Number (A) : the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. Neutron Number (N) : A - Z = N
ATOMIC STRUCTURE LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM: • Electron Cloud
• Energy Levels
• Sublevels
• Orbitals
ATOMIC STRUCTURE LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM: • Sublevels have (degenerate states) that we call orbitals. These sublevels are named s, p, d, f, g, etc. The energy level determines the number of sublevels...
ATOMIC STRUCTURE LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:
Sublevels: s- one orbital p- three orbitals d- five orbitals f- seven orbitals Etc...
ATOMIC STRUCTURE LOCATION OF ELECTRONS IN THE ATOM:
It turns out, in each orbital, there can be a maximum of two electrons. So... s- 2 electrons total p- 6 electrons total d- 10 electrons total f- 14 electrons total
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Orbital diagrams and electron configurations
Orbital diagrams help show how the electrons are distributed within the sublevels.
1s NOTICE THAT WHEN ELECTRONS PAIR THEY HAVE OPPOSITE SPINS.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE...
No two electrons can have the same quantum numbers or no more than two electrons can be found in any given orbital.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
HUND’S RULE: the most stable arrangement of electrons
is that with the maximum number of unpaired electrons, all with the same spin direction.
In other words…electrons don’t pair until they have too!
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Orbital Diagrams
1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz
3s
etc...
What element is this????
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Another way to write this is by using
electron configuration notation
1s22s22p63s2
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
ORDER OF CHOICE:
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p...
Why? Energy of some orbitals overlap higher orbitals.
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Let’s practice… Assignment: Electron Configuration Level One and Two • Electron Configuration Wkst
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Orbital diagrams and electron configurations
Orbital diagrams help show how the electrons are distributed within the sublevels.
1s NOTICE THAT WHEN ELECTRONS PAIR THEY HAVE OPPOSITE SPINS.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Orbital Diagrams
1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz
3s
etc...
What element is this????
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Another way to write this is by using
electron configuration notation
1s22s22p63s2
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Another way to write this is by using
noble gas notation
[Ne]3s2
Since Ne has a configuration of 1s22s22p6
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Let’s practice… Valence Electron Configuration
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Connections: Do you see any relationship between the electron configuration and where the element is located on the Periodic Table?
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
You should be able to… • Write the electron configuration • Draw the orbital diagram • Write the noble gas notation • And predict the element
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Assignment: • Electron Configuration Wkst 2