Dr. Ken Morgan, Directorwww.energyinstitute.tcu.edu

TXNG.ORG

New Institute

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TCU Energy InstituteTeaching and Research ForOur Domestic Energy Future

Rees Jones Hall

The Global Energy Dilemma

Food

Energy

Water

**Global Energy Reality**

• U.S = 100 Q-BTUs 85% FF, 8% Nuclear, 7% Renewables

• World = 500 Quads20% U.S., 17% China (2x), 16% Europe

• 2030….600 Quads!!!

Who will produce it?How will they produce it?

U.S. Energy Sources

Life In the Fast Lane!

U.S. OIL IMPORTS

Averaging $500 million/day!!

WE ARE A BUYER!!!

Our Debt approaches $18 Trillion!

The U.S. Game Changer!!

Several layers of steel tubes encasedin cement protect groundwater supplies

Protective casing to shale

Depth = 2 MilesMultistage Hydraulic Fracturing

- 100+ years of secure natural gas resource

Abundance-Energy Security

Game

Changer!!

Shale Plays: What to do?

• Water Use & Recycling

• Size of Fracking Operations

• Methane Emissions

• Disposal & Earthquakes

• Well Casing & Cement Design

• Other

Regulation or Incentives?

Remember: It’s Domestic!

EPA Report: June 2015

“No Evidence of Significant Impacts on Drinking Water”

Source: www.epa.gov/research

EPA Report 2012

“Green Pads”EFD-”Environmentally Friendly Drilling”

• Membranes- (T A&M)

• Oxidation-Ozonics (Ecosphere)

• Heat-NOMAD (GE/STW-Devon)

• Evaporators—Maxim (modular POD)

Water Recycling/Recovery

Air

Vapor Recovery Units—VPRs

Frohlich et al., 2010

Earthquakes began6 weeks after Disposal Well started...Faults??

Known Faults

DFW Earthquakes--2009

Fault

FAULTS!!!!!!!!

How we Use Nat Gas In Texas

Back-Up Fuel-Renewables

Base Fuel-Electricity

CNGTransportation Fuel

LNG

Ultra Clean Hydrogen Source

Clean Air-Clean Fuel For Texas!!

NGVs = Should we go there!!

>1,000

1.8 b gal/yr

1,000!

NGVs: The Real “Green Vehicles”

• Natural Gas vehicles…

…compared to gasoline or diesel

Reduce CO2 emissions

Reduce CO emissions

Reduce NOx emissions

Reduce Particulate Matter emissions

Reduce VOC emissions

20-30%

70-90%

75-95%

90%

89%

Lots and Lots of Natural Gas!!

National Pipeline SystemThe “Best” In The World

Let’s Be a Natural Gas Seller!!

LouisianaCheniere Energy It’s a Global Play

And a Global Market!!

Nat Gas to Mexico

2012 = 1.7 BCF/dayProjected 2017 = 4 billion cf/day!“Has helped keep prices $3”

Could deliver 10 BCF/day by 2020!!“Infrastructure”

Seller!!

Buyer!!

New Technologies

The Wolfberry!

Nat Gas Prices

Shale Oil

Today$3 ??

Lots and Lots of Oil-Sweet Crude!!

USGA estimates 20 Billion Barrels

Companies estimate 60 Billion Barrels!!

Almost $6B!!!

800,000 acres

$700 M

$3 Billion

Just to Name a few!!!

Oil Prices—What Happened?

U.S. Oil Production Went Up -------- U.S. Imports Went DOWN!!

Importing Energy??

Importing Oil

Rare Earth Elements“Green Technologies”

Actually Importing 10 million bbls/day!Net = approx 5 million bbls/day

China…97%

Today Change?? Tomorrow??

Batteries, Magnets, Control Rods, Lasers

Our Major Alternative Energy Sources

Green Technologies & Rare Earths

March 15, 2012-The Washington Post

THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC of China controls 97 percent of the world’s supply ofrare-earth metals. Lucky for China — but not so lucky for the rest of the world!

Rare Earth = Problems!!

Air, Water and Land Environmental Disaster!!1 Ton of Mining of Rare Earths Produces:- 1 Ton Radioactive Waste Liquids- 10,000 M3 Waste Gas (S, HF etc)- 2,000 Tons of Mine TailingsSource: EWI.ORG, 2016

Wind Generators

2000 lbs of Rare Earth Materials per Wind Turbine!!45 Wind Turbines = 45 Tons of REMs From China!!

2014 The U.S. had 52,000 “Clean Energy” Wind TurbinesSource: American Wind AssociationThat’s 52,000 Tons of RE and 52,000 Tons of Radioactive Waste!!

The Electric Car

Great concept—Use batteries and electric motorsAverage Electric Car has >10 pounds of Rare Earth MaterialsThe Economist, 2010

1 Million E-Cars = 10 Million lbs of REMs Needed

Hydraulic Fracturing

VS Rare Earth’s From China

“Freaking” Rare Earths!!

Fracking

Fukashima

Foreign Oil

The 4 F’s of Our Energy-Pick Your Poison!

3 Laws of Energy (Thermodynamics)—The Good, The Bad & The UglyThere is No Free Energy—Always a PriceWith Any Energy Use -There is Always Waste/PollutionOh...And You Must Use Energy!

Our Real Energy Dilemma

Global Sellers-Buyers

What will the U.S. be by 2030?

International Visitors22 Countries

The World Wants to Know More About It!!

Known Shales Worldwide

Who’s against U.S. Nat Gas Exports?

Others??

Import or Export?

ForeignOil & Rare Earths??

DomesticOil & Nat Gas?

Our Energy Dial

-$$ -$$

Oil and refined Products

Gas Hydrates

Methane Ice in sedimentsSources = deep strata and bacteria

USGS estimates 2x Fossil Fuels!!

ExxonMobil Energy Outlook to 2040

• Natural Gas to Outpace all Energy Sources through 2040 increasing by 65%.

• Global Demand for Natural Gas will increase by over 200 Bcf/day.

• U.S. to be a net Nat Gas Exporter by 2020!

Nat Gas to Hydrogen: The Energy End Game

• Produce All Of Our Energy Needs By 2030

• Export More Nat Gas, Oil & Refined Products

• Tax Imported Oil--$$

• Sell Energy to Our Friends--$$

• Use $$ to: Invest in Energy Infrastructure

• AND Develop Cleaner Technologies & Solutions

• Secure A Sustainable, Cleaner Energy Future

An Energy Strategy-“It isn’t Rocket Science”

The Key is Energy Education Texas Natural Gas Foundation—TXNG.ORG

Working with UT Stem Center for Teacher Education

Promote “Fair and Balanced” Energy Education in Texas

Developing 3 Modules for Free Use in Texas Grades 8-12 (up to 8 planned)

The Truth about “All Texas Energy Sources

Plans to go National!!

2 Books to Read!!

Dr. Ken Morgan, Directorwww.energyinstitute.tcu.edu

TXNG.ORG