Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes,...
Transcript of Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes,...
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Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes, 1750-1914
Chapter 17 Lecture AP World History
Ways of the World
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Good Morning!
Please have a seat and wait for directions.
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Warm Up 1/5/16
1. What were some of the ideas of the Enlightenment?
– (You can look back in Ch. 16 to review them) 2. How might these ideas lead to revolutions?
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Three Things To Remember…
1. Revolution is contagious!
2. Wars are expensive!
3. Moderation is the key!
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The Effects of Colonial Wars
• The European powers had been fighting over colonies and power which created financial strain on their economies.
• Wars drain countries not only of money but resources as well!
• The old school remedy… – More taxes!! – Taxes make people angry!
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When People are Unhappy, They Start to Wonder Why!
• The Enlightenment Era was a time of applying reason and questioning (previously discovered during the Scientific Revolution) to society.
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3 People w/ Influential Ideas that need to be remembered:
1. John Locke: Natural Rights of Man 1. Government’s main objective:
1. Protect the people’s LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY! If the government fails to do so…REBEL!!
2. Jean Jacques Rousseau: Social Contact 1. Without the will of the people the Monarch is not
justifiable. Therefore the Monarch must make sure it is fulfilling the will of the people.
3. Voltaire: Freedom of Speech and Religion 1. Very critical of the Church and its practice of
censorship
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American Revolution 1775-1800
• Great Britain was in debt so as an attempt to recover they reform the colonial tax policy.
• This makes the American colonialists upset…before you know it, Boston Tea Party!
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Revolutionary Actions Begin
• Britain fails to fully negotiate with the American Colonialists causing frustration and anger.
• And you know the rest of the story…WE WON!
• Not without the help of the French! The American Revolution was very costly for the French government that was already very in debt. – Unpopular decision with the French people!
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The French Revolution 1789-1815
• Louis XV lost the Seven Years War against Britain
• He tried to impose a new tax on the nobility but met with resistance and therefore did not happen!
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Life Under Louis XVI
• Louis XV’s grandson became king at 22
• Not a confident ruler • Easily persuaded and
continued on with his grandfathers social hierarchy that was called the Old Regime
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The Estates System divided Society King
1st Estate: Clergy
2nd Estate: Nobles
3rd Estate: Everyone Else!
WAS RICH WAS RICH Besides the affluent
bourgeoisie, majority was poor
BARELY PAID TAXES! BARELY PAID TAXES CARRIED MOST OF THE TAX BURDEN!
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Louis XVI Attempts Tax Reforms
• King calls a meeting of the Estates General where he proposes a tax increase for the 1st and 2nd Estates
• They respond by protecting their own interests and start publicly questioning the Louis XVI’s competence.
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The Bread Prices Skyrocket
• Bread is the staple of the French diet so when bread prices increase the peasants begin to starve.
• Starvation = Aggravation!!
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3rd Estates • Due to the lack of
effectiveness of their vote in the Estates General, the 3rd Estates becomes the National Assembly
• They create a constitution (Tennis Court Oath) called The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen(a lot like the Declaration of Independence)
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The Reign of Terror, 1793-1794
• The French Revolution is much bloodier than the American Revolution
• Rumors, fear, and anger drove the guillotine to claim the lives of many including the King and Queen
• Robespierre calls for extreme radicalism! – To be loyal to the Revolution, you must rat out
those who say ANYTHING against it! – In many ways the Reign of Terror killed the
Republic!
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Dictatorship Returns – Chaos from the
Terror turns many away from a democratic government and long for a more traditional government.
– This sets the stage for Napoleon to take control of France
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The Enlightenment + French and American Revolutions= Revolutions
Latin and South America
• Haitian Revolution – Blame Napoleon… – Slave Revolt (the only successful one!)
• Spanish American Revolutions – Blame Napoleon…
• When he takes over Spain, Spain is weak and it was time to fight for independence!
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EXIT TICKET
• In a paragraph, explain how the Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution.
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