Atlantic continuum final
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Transcript of Atlantic continuum final
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Atlantic Continuum: A Look at DNA & Ancient Human Migration Patterns - by Karl Hoenke for
AAPS 6th Annual International Conference on Ancient America
April 12, 2023 1
A C D
B
X
B
X
B
BBX
X
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Atlantic Continuum
Presented by Karl Hoenketo Ancient Artifact Preservation Society
17 September 2010Marquette, Michigan
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Overview
• High-level observations about DNA• Revisit Haplogroup X• Assemble some interesting scraps• Suggest hypothesis to fit these together
• Duck
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Usefulness of DNA
• Determine relationships• Estimate timing of divergences• Estimate locations of divergences
• mtDNA = Mitochondrial DNA follows female line• Y chromosome DNA = follows male line
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DNA Assumptions when Estimating Time
• Size of founding group• Mutation rates: Constant, Only once, not
reversed• Degree of isolation• Degree of inbreeding/outbreeding• Shared ancestry• Sampling is “random”, not “convenience”• Sampling “within-local-population”
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Generally Accepted DNA “Tree”
April 12, 2023 6
A C D
B
X
B
X
B
BBX
X
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Haplogroup X -- Updated
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Haplogroup XGeographic Appearance Frequency, %
Siberia, NW North America 0%Europe, North Africa, Middle East 2%Georgia (Caucasus) 8%Orkney Islands (off NE coast of Scotland) 7%Israeli Druze (ancient refugium) 28%Ojibway, other Algonquin Tribes 25%Micmac (NE US and Eastern Canada) 50%
Note 1: Inland “footprints” of X absent in both Asia and Europe. It is present in populations associated with coastal regions and history
Note 2: Haplotype X occurs as X1 and X2. X1 only in North Africa. X2 dispersed ~20,000 ybp. X2 not in Asia. X2a & X2g in North America, not Central America. X2 in Sioux (15%), Navajo (7%), Yakima (5%), Nuu-Chah-Nulth (12%)
Note 3: Haplotype X is 12-36,000 years old, must be among founding populations of North America
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Outlier Haplotypes in Cherokees52-member study group
Haplotype
Comments
J Origin Levant, 10,000 ybp—infrequent among native Americans
T Originated in Mediterranean 10,000 ybp (i.e. Egypt ~25%), 26% in study group
U Oldest Europeans, original settlers, ~50,000 ybp– 25% of study group
H Dominant in Western Europe (near 50%), only 7.7% hereX Originated in Mediterranean 30,000 ybp ; 13.5% in study
group
Sampling of Central Band of Cherokees; published in Ancient American
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European Pattern of SpreadingGenetics & Farming
~6,000 BC
~5,000 BC
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BASQUE mtDNA FREQUENCIES
today ancient0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
XKJVotherH
mtDNA “J” originated in Mid-EastmtdDNA “K” originated in Levant ~10,000 ybpmtDNA “V” believed to be recent SW Europe development
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Maritime Cultures
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Phoenicians
• Known to have circled Africa• Dominated Mediterranean commerce• Characterized by Haplogroup T• Called themselves Cana'ni or KHNAI • Many American towns & Conoy Indians considered
cognates • William Penn around 1700 described Conoy Indians as
resembling Italians, Jews and Greeks• Phoenicians visited England• And are rumored to have visited ………
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Pyramids and Henges
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Thornborough Henge dates from 3,500 to 2,500 BC
Poverty Point mounds date from 1.650 to 700 BC
Coincidence?
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Summary of Bits Presented
• Haplogroup X distribution consistent with maritime trading culture
• Pattern of continuous Atlantic rim coastal culture
• Delayed spread of farming & genetics support identity of separate coastal culture
• Orion’s belt pattern appears in diverse locations
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Hypothesis Red Paint Culture of Maritime Atlantic in Europe
• Was in routine contact with North America
• Passed megalithic tradition to Mediterranean
• Evolved into traders of Mediterranean (who visited North America for 5,000 years)
• Left genetic remnants in refugia (i.e. Basques, Caucasus, Druze, Micmacs, et alia)
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QUESTIONS ????