ATI - Overview

anton@ukdw.ac.id

Outline General Overview

• IT Architecture

• Physical architecture

• Internet & Web architecture

• Business Process and IT in enterprise• Business Process and IT in enterprise

• Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing architecture

• Data architecture

IT Architecture

• The roadmap or blueprint that guides the

build out (kebijakan) of IT capabilities,

acquisition of networks, cloud services,

Information System, software & hardware Information System, software & hardware

• The IT architecture defines the vision,

standards, and roadmap that guide the

priorities, operations, and management of the

ITs supporting the business

Komponen ATI

Physical (HW & Server)

ArchitectureArchitecture

Four Components of a Computer System

Tightly coupled

Loosely Coupled

Client/Server

• In general, any application where multiple

clients connect to a single server.

client1 client2 client3

server

• one client program (most typical)

or

• multiple client programs

Generic Client/Server Architecture

Peer-to-Peer Computing

• Another model of distributed system

• P2P does not distinguish clients and servers

– Instead all nodes are considered peers

– May each act as client, server or both– May each act as client, server or both

– Node must join P2P network

• Registers its service with central lookup service on network, or

• Broadcast request for service and respond to requests for service via discovery protocol

– Examples include Napster and Gnutella

Peer-to-Peer Network

Cluster Network

• A cluster is a type of parallel and distributed processing system, which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone

computers cooperatively working together as a single, integrated computing resource.

• A node

– a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, – a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, & OS

• A cluster

– generally 2 or more computers (nodes) connected together

– in a single cabinet, or physically separated & connected via a LAN

– appear as a single system to users and applications

Cluster Architecture

Sequential Applications

Parallel Applications

Parallel Programming Environment

Cluster Layer

(Single System Image and Availability Infrastructure)

Sequential Applications

Sequential Applications

Parallel Applications

Parallel Applications

(Single System Image and Availability Infrastructure)

Cluster Interconnection Network

PC/Workstation

Network Interface Hardware

Communications

Software

PC/Workstation

Network Interface Hardware

Communications

Software

PC/Workstation

Network Interface Hardware

Communications

Software

PC/Workstation

Network Interface Hardware

Communications

Software

Grid Architecture

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is…

… virtualized compute power and storage

delivered via platform-agnostic

infrastructures of abstracted hardware and

software accessed over the Internet. software accessed over the Internet.

These shared, on-demand IT resources, are

created and disposed of efficiently, are

dynamically scalable through a variety of

programmatic interfaces and are billed

variably based on measurable usage….

Cloud – Virtualization (leads to

Green Computing)

Internet & Web ArchitectureInternet & Web Architecture

Protokol Web: HTTP

• Hypertext Transport Protocol (RFC 1945)– Oleh Tim Berners-Lee, 1990

• Protocol that used to communicate between web browsers and web servers

• Using TCP port 80 (default)• Using TCP port 80 (default)

• This protocol supports hypermedia files

• HTTP 1.0 becomes 1.1 by IETF (RFC 2616)

HTTP Message

Web tier architecture

Client

Presentation

HTML rendering

Templates, HTML generationscripts, XML and XSLT

Application-specific componentsBusiness Logic

Data Access

Data

Application-specific componentsand application logic

Domain-specific anddatabase-independent layer,

typically object-oriented

Data storage, typicallyan (SQL) RDBMS

Service Oriented Architecture

• SOA adalah sebuah konsep architecture yang mendefinisikan penggunaan layanan untuk mendukung kebutuhan pengguna software.

• A service-oriented architecture is a framework for integrating business processes and for integrating business processes and supporting IT infrastructure as secure, standardized components—services—that can be reused and combined to address changing business priorities

Characteristics of SOA

• Services have platform

independent, self describing

interfaces (XML)

• Messages are formally defined

• Services can be discovered

SOASOASOASOA

ComposableComposable

• Services can be discovered

• Services have quality of

service characteristics defined in

policies

• Services can be provided on any

platform

SOASOASOASOAInteroperableInteroperable

LooselyLooselyCoupledCoupled

ReRe--UsableUsable

SOA implementation : Web Service

• Mempertukarkan data dalam format XML.

• Tersedia dan dikomunikasikan melalui Internet atau intranet.

• Bersifat operating system/programming language independent.

• Web service mempertukarkan data antara service requestor (aplikasi yang menggunakan data/service) dan service (aplikasi yang menggunakan data/service) dan service provider (server penyedia data/service) menggunakan service registry (yang berisi kumpulan service-service), dengan salah satu teknologi:

– XML-RPC

– SOAP

– REST

Web Service Layer

• Service transport

• XML messaging dan encoding/decoding

• Service description

• Service discovery • Service discovery

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

• SOAP merupakan protokol komunikasiberbasis XML yang memperbolehkan aplikasi saling bertukar informasi melalui HTTP

• SOAP merupakan format untuk mengirimkan • SOAP merupakan format untuk mengirimkan message melalui Internet, bersifat platform independent, language independent, dan merupakan standar W3C

• SOAP membungkus request & response dalam XML

Elemen SOAP

• Elemen Envelope yang mengidentifikasi XML dokumen sebagai SOAP message (wajib)

• Elemen Header yang berisi informasi header (opsional)informasi header (opsional)

• Elemen Body yang berisi informasi call dan response (wajib)

• Elemen Fault yang berisi informasi error yang terjadi(opsional)

REST

• REST stands for Representation State Transfer

• REST is about accessing resources through a

universal interface (HTTP murni)

• Conceived in 2000 as a doctoral dissertation by Roy • Conceived in 2000 as a doctoral dissertation by Roy

Fielding (a principal author of HTTP 1.0 dan 1.1

protocol)

• RESTful URLs are addressable

– Sample: http://www.mysite.com/Products/Trek8300

• Links to related data

RESTful Web Services

Resources

Res 1

Res 2

HTTP Request

URL

GET Res 2

Res 3

Res 4

HTTP Response

Status

GET

POST

PUT

DELETEXML JSON

Payload

XML JSON

Business Process and IT in Business Process and IT in

enterprise & commerce

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Purchasi

Warehou

Finance & Acc

Human Reso

Operatio

Sales & Mar

Information Tec

Research & Dev

E-Commerce

• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan perniagaan / perdagangan

– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS

– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking

• Secara khusus• Secara khusus

– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan

– Ada transaksi

• E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an

• Pure EC (cth: e-book) vs Partial EC (cth: book)

The Structure of E-Commerce in

Enterprise

Production in SAP

SAP Procurement

Sales Order in SAP

HR Management

Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing

architecture

Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing

architecture

Web 2.0 Framework

The Seven Key Principles

41

Landscape of Mobile Computing

Data ArchitectureData Architecture

Data Life Cycle Process

Data Warehouse vs Data Mart

• DW: A generic term for a system of storing, retrieving and managing large amounts of data– Software often includes sophisticated compression

and hashing techniques for fast searching and filtering

• DM: type of data warehouse designed mainly to • DM: type of data warehouse designed mainly to address a specific function or department’s needs– Often uses aggregation or summarization of the data

to enhance query performance

– Important, however, to maintain the ability to access the underlying base data to enable drilldown analysis as necessary

Data Mining• Exploration & analysis, by automatic or

semi-automatic means, of

large quantities of data

in order to discover

meaningful patterns

Next

• Server Architecture