ATHLETIC INJURIES

The most likely time for injury to occur is within the first 6-8 weeks of beginning a new activity or exercise

INJURIES

SPRAIN

Condition caused by a violent, sudden stretching of a joint or ligament.

Treatment of a sprained ankle

SPRAINS

SPRAINS (cont.)

DISLOCATION

End of a bone is pushed out of it’s joint

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO FIX THIS BY YOURSELF!!!

Shoulder Reduction Dislocated kneeDISLOCATED ELBOW

DISLOCATION

BRUISE

Subcutaneous Tissue Damage Contusion

BRUISE

STRAIN

Muscles are overworked Treatment: REST & HEAT

STRAIN

TENDONITIS

When a tendon is stretched or torn…Example is “Tennis Elbow”

Treatment: REST, MEDICINES, PHYSICAL THERAPY

Tendon = connects Muscle to Bone

TENDONITIS

Note: FEET

Study done by the PA College of Podiatric Medicine found that the average person in a

lifetime walks 115,000 miles = 4X around the world

MUSCLE CRAMPS

When a muscle contracts tightly and will not relax

Treatment: MASSAGE, MOVEMENT, HEAT, PROPER WARM-UP, FLUIDS

Is caused by a temporary lack of food or oxygen to the muscle…loss of large amount of salt and water through sweating…tired or overworked due to strenuous exercise

MUSCLE CRAMPS

FAST TWITCH VS SLOW TWITCH

FAST TWITCH explosive muscle fibers

Sprinters

SLOW TWITCH endurance fibers Long Distance Runners

SLOW TWITCHVS

FAST TWITCH

HERNIA

Rupture of body tissue or a body organ through a weak point in the muscle wall

HERNIA

HEAT EXHAUSTION

Body overheats with the loss of a large amount of water and salt

SYMPTOMS: Pale, moist skin…dizziness…headache…shortness or breath….nausea

HEAT EXHAUSTION

HEAT STROKE

Body overheats

SYMPTOMS: Sudden collapse…rapid pulse…muscle twitching…difficulty breathing…skin is dry (no sweat)

TREATMENT: Move to a cool place…loosen clothing…spray or sponge them with cold water…call 911 (check for a pulse)

HEAT STROKE

FROSTBITE

Body tissue freezes

DUE TO: prolonged exposure to freezing or near freezing temperatures

MOST OFTEN OCCURS TO: chin…cheeks…nose…ears…fingers

TREATMENT: depends upon the amount and severity of exposure but…may need to get to the hospital…gradually warm the area

FROSTBITE

HYPOTHERMIA

Body temp. drops due to prolonged cold exposure

HYPOTHERMIA

BLOOD POOLING

The build up of blood in the muscle tissue due to sudden stopping of exercise

Person may pass out… THIS IS WHY YOU NEED TO DO A PROPER

COOL DOWN AFTER EXERCISE!!!

BLOOD POOLING

LIGAMENT

Strong band of connective tissue that joins BONE to BONE

ACL TEAR

McGahee Injury

LIGAMENT

LIGAMENT (cont.)

TENDON

Strong band of connective tissue that joins MUSCLE to BONE

TENDON

TENDON (cont.)

CARTILAGE

Cushioning between the bones Cartilage Repair

CARTILAGE

CARTILAGE (cont.)

INCOMPLETE FRACTURE

Break does not cause the bone to separate into two pieces

SIMPLE FRACTURE

Break causes the bone to separate into two pieces

COMPOUND FRACTURE

Break causes the bone to separate into two pieces as well as penetrate through the skin

ANKLESplinting

COMPOUND FRACTURE (cont.)

ERGONOMICS

Definition: Science in which human capabilities, limitations, and other characteristics are identifies and applied to the design of the work place in terms of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human use.

Goals of Ergonomics and Human Factors Research•Reduce occurrence and cost of accidents and injuries•Improve well-being and efficiency of industries and organizations•To optimize performance•Decrease physical and cognitive stresses in the worker•Increase job satisfaction and productivity•Improve worker – management relations

Fitness Bingo

Simple FractureCompound FractureIncomplete FractureWt/Ht2 X 704.5Body Mass Index (BMI)CaliperIsotonicIsometricAsthmaMuscle StrengthCarpal TunnelHerniaDislocationTarget Heart RateLifetime SportFlexibilityHypothermia

AnaerobicCompressionPhysical FitnessBasal MetabolismHeat Exhaustion3SprainSedentaryCartiladgeAerobicStrainBruiseTendonCalorieMaximum Heart Rate (MHR)LigamentFrostbiteCramps6-8