3rd GEF IW LEARN – UNESCO INTEGRATION DIALOGUE

Managing Groundwater in Coastal Areas and SIDS

Mediterranean information office Athena ,Greece 6-7 May 2014

Jordan Groundwater

PRESENTED BY SAMEEH AL NUIMAT / IUCN

Jordan in words Challenges and Opportunities

Area: 89,000km²Population 6.4 million in 2010 and now is 9:9 million 70% of the population (less than 30 year) Mediterranean climatic zoon to arid Rainfall range from 30mm - 600m/yearMore than 80% is desert, less than 100 mm/year 4% receive more than 300mm/year 92.5% of the water lost by evaporation

Jordan in words Challenges and Opportunities

Annual per capita share of water around143m3,projected to be 90 m3 by 2025

low recharge of Groundwater Very limited Energy resources High opportunity for

renewable energy

Challenges facing water sector in Jordan

Climatic change (rainfall reduction and fluctuation, increasing temperature )

Limited water Resources high Population growth rate 2.6% Waves of refugees from the region . 97% of the area receive less than 300mm/a 90% of the population staled in areas higher than

400mm/A rainfall low GWR because of topographical features and

urbanization infrastructures Water losses about 50% (leakages and illegal uses)

Challenges and OpportunitiesPopulation growth (natural and immigration )

Climate change

Drought and rainfall variability

High potential evapotranspiration

Surface water and ground water pollution

Ground water depletion and salinization (over pumping)

Jordan is the 4th water deprived countries Worldwide!

Non-conventional water resources?

TWW is not conceder waste , but part of water budget

Reuse Treated wastewater for agriculture is an option?

Population growth projection in Jordan

Year Total population Recent situation 2014

2012 6,338,000

2014 9.9 million

2025 8,507,131

2035 9,902,325

Jordan is a water scarce country water scarce country is the one with per capita less than 1000m³/ year/ fresh water (FAO 1997), Jordan 120 m/c/y USA = 1550 m³/c/yearallocation of per capita water supply is as follows: - Amman 120 1 pcd - Other Cities 100 1 pcd - Suburban's 80 1 pcd - Remote Villages 80 1 pcd - (W.H.O standard for hygiene =50lpcd

Average Annual Rainfall Average annual rainfall water = 8.5 billion CM

Jordan Valley 50-300 mm (5.7%)

• High Land 400 – 580 mm (2.9%)

• Desert Area (Badia) 50 – 200 mm (91.4%)

Annual quantities (MCM):

• Wet Years 11000

• Dry years 5800

• Annual average 8300

Jordan water situation ( supply, demand, deficit)

YEAR RAINFALL MCM DEMAND MCM SUPPLY MCM DEFICIT MCM

2004 8500 1300 866 5002007 8500 1500 866 6302020 8500 1600 1000 734 Annual Per-capita shear of water decreased as result of increased demand and population

YEAR PER CAPITA M³

1946 3600 M ³

2008 160 M ³

2025 90 M ³

RENEWABLE , (800- 850 ) MCM / YEAR• Surface Water Sources 505MCM/yr • Groundwater Sources 275 MCM/yr • Treated Wastewater 110 MCM ( 2012 )• Peace treaty water 25- 50 MCM

NONRENEWABLE- * Fossil Water 140 MCM/yr.

- Brackish Water 50 MCM/yr.

Jordan water resources

Municipal = 290 MCM Irrigation 558 MCM Industrial = 39 MCM

Water Uses by Sector

Domestic24%

Agriculture70%

Industrial5%

Other1%

Water consumption866 million (cu.m.)

Jordan (2004)

Groundwater in Jordan• GW resources are limited the safe yield 275 MCM• GW resources are over exploited • Decline in the quality • Over application of fertilizer and pesticides• Illegal drilling wells ¼ of the total pore hall • Decreasing water level about 1 meter /year• Spring stop flowing • Shallow wells abounded , and degraded quality • Lack of management of trans-boundary water aquifers • Government start to reduce the over extraction (action taken )

SAYF YIELD

Basin Safe yield Abstracted Balance % Abstracted

Yarmok 40 43.3 -3.3 108

Said valleys 15 25 -10 172

Jordan valley 21 27.9 -6.9 133

Azraq 24 59.3 -35.3 247

Amman zarqa

87.5 138.7 -51.2 158

Srhan 5 3,8 1.2 76

Hammad 8 0.9 +7.1 11

Dead sea 57 89.3 -32.3 157

Disi 0 82.1 42.9

North Araba 3.5 6,7 -3.2 193

Red sea 5.5 17.4 -11.9 316

Jafer 9 24.8 -15.8 276

Total 275.5 520.1 170.805

Aquifer DISI Non Renewable

• Aquifer is zero recharge • Jordan pumps 82.1 MCM, Saudi Arabia 600-700 MCM • Aqaba pumps 17 MCM projected to go up 35 MCM • Connect aquifer to Amman with a 325 Km pipeline. • Aquifer will provide 100 MCM/year over 100 years. • Price of water = JD 0.820 (Expensive water!)

Brackish Groundwater• Jordan has a number of brackish water

springs with limited use.

• Salinity places restrictions on crop selection

• Plans for more desalination plants

Current desalination 30MCM

Groundwater law • Groundwater By-law 85 of 2002 • Land ownership doesn't include the ground water • control drilling Licence ( licence to extract water )• Area of drilling, depth , well development and • Abstracting quantity , quality • Metering and Pricing tariff for private legal and illegal

well • Illegal well

• Water extracting licence

Action taken to protect ground water • Ministry of Water and Irrigation damage 224 illegal wells out of 1400 drains

more than 25 million cubic meters , • Confiscation of more than 145 drilling machine • Convert more than 1000 adjust to the courts , • Cabinet approved legislation to stop attacks

on sources of water , dig wells offense

• Measures to reduce these irregularities including:• Stop deliver electrical current to the abuse and not allow the import of

water pumps for wells , but after receiving a approval of the Water Authority to keep track of sold and installed,

• Stop work permits for foreign workers in offense farms , which owns the illegal wells )

• Alray newspaper VOL. 15886 4 /may/2014

• Workers in water entities considered as judicial police .• Considering the money belonging to the companies owned by

the water authority as public funds . • Approved new tariff for the amount of water extracted illegally

• Toughening the penalties for attacks along the water sources and lines tanker terminals pumping water , dig wells without a license is imprisonment for not less than one year nor more than five years

price of water extracted from illegal wells QUANTITY IN 1000 M³ PRICE IN FILLES

0- 10 150

10- 30 250

ABOVE 30 500

IIهةحمثة

Project implemented by :

SWIM – SM focus

WP 1

WP 2

WP 3

WP 4

WP 5

WP 6

Non-conventional

water resources

Economic Valuation of

water resources

No-regret actions for Climate

Change adaptation

Local Governance with focus on Water Users Associations

Water governance & mainstreaming

Capacity Building

Application of water management plans

Promotion of lessons learnt & good practices

Development of a Communication Strategy

Support Demonstration Projects

SWIM-Sustain Water MED project is fundedby the EU and the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development.It is one of the demonstration projects within the SWIM umbrella1 and addresses sustainable wastewater and sanitation management in the MENA region. the project is implemented in a period of 3 years from 2012-2014 by a consortium of 8 project partners with the GIZ Jordan in the lead. It operates in four countries, implementing demonstration projects inMorocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan. Each of the demonstration projects addresses a different aspect related to wastewater treatment and reuse as well as rainwater management

GoalContribute to the sustainable integrated management of non-conventional water resources in the southern Mediterranean region.

.

DEMONSTRATE:Effective and cost-efficient wastewater treatment and reuse technologies through pilot projects.

ASSESS:Environmental and socio-economic impacts and translate these into policy recommendations. .

.

TRAIN:Policy-makers and targeted water users in the management, operation and maintenance of these technologies.REACH OUT:To water users through targeted events and information centres.REPLICATE:Through regional networking and benchmarking as well as policy advice.

.

Approach:Demonstration ProjectsIn Morocco,Implementing a comprehensive strategy for eco-sanitation and rainwater management,demonstrating the benefits of locally adapted technologies..

.

Technology: Source separation, decentralized treatment, effective reuse of sanitary by-products, rainwater management.Beneficiary / Location: the village of Ait Idir, in the Souss-Massa-Drâa region in the south of Morocco. Implementing Partner: National Water Agency of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region (ABH SMD).

.

In Tunisia:Implementing a wastewater quality surveillance system as well as an accompanying governance structure between water users and providers,in order to promote the safe usage of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes.

Beneficiary/Location: The local wastewater authority and surrounding farmers of the Ouljet El Khoder wastewater treatment plant in Medenine, in south-eastern Tunisia. Implementing Partner: National Sanitation Utility (ONAS), General Direction for Rural Engineering and Water Exploitation (DGGREE).

.

In Egypt,Establishing a decentralized wastewater treatment unit and reuse plan at villagelevel in a rural area. Technology: To be defined. Beneficiary/Location: Village in the Ismailia Governorate (northeast Egypt).Implementing Partner: Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW).).

.

In Jordan, Establishing a decentralized wastewater treatment unit and reuse plan at a building level in a semi-urban area.Technology: Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Beneficiary/Location: Head Quarter of the Public Security Directorate (PSD) near Amman

.

Implementing Partner:AL-Balqa Applied University (BAU),International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN),Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ).

.

Regional Level:For learning & comparison of best practices, the project establish a regional benchmarking and networkingsystem, including the following activities and deliverables:

• A common framework for baseline assessments as well as socio-economic and environmental impact assessments.• A compendium that provides information on the pilot projects (from planning to evaluation) as well as general lessons learned.• A website with regular updates on events and project progress. http://swim-sustain-water.eu.

.

• Regional knowledge exchange meetings, including site visits • Regional training courses for relevant policymakers as well as representatives from related civil society organizations and academia.

.

Implementing Partners at regional level : Adelphi Research gGmbH, Italian National Agency for New Technologies,Energy and Sustainable Economic Development,German International Cooperation (GIZ) based in Jordan.

Thank you