Athens Course: Antenna Design and Measurement Techniques

ANTENNA DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES - Madrid (UPM) – March 2013

Athens Course: Antenna Design and Measurement Techniques

Manuel Sierra Castañer and José-Manuel Fernández González

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)


Objectives

• To familiarize students with antennas, in a quite practical way.

• Students will acquire general knowledge about all the main aspects of designing and measuring antennas.

• The course is divided in two different parts: theoretical aspects about antenna Design, Signal Processing and Antenna Measurement and practical aspects, trying to focus on this last one.

• A visit to the facilities of the “Centro Astronómico de Yebes”

• A visit to the antenna measurement facilities of the University is included.

• Some simulations in the Computer Lab will be done.


Lecturers

• Manuel Sierra Castañer (MSC)

• José Manuel Fernández González (JMFG)

• Javier Garcia-Gasco Trujillo (JGGT)

• Jonathan Mora Cuevas (JMC)

• Alvaro Noval Sánchez de Toca (ANS)

• Ahmed Fachar (AF)

• Pablo Caballero Almena (PCA)

• Andres Garcia Aguilar (AGA)

• José Manuel Inclán Alonso (JMIA)


Programme

Main topics

Tuesday 19thIntroduction to Antenna Parameters

Antenna Applications

Wednesday 20th

Antenna Measurements

Simulations

Signal Processing in Antennas

Laboratory

Thursday 21thVisit to “Centro Astronómico de Yebes”

Laboratory

Friday 22th Exam + Survey


Programme

Tuesday 19th

DAY TIME TOPIC ROOM PROFESSOR

Tuesday, March 19

9.00-9.30 Introduction B11 MSC

9.30-10.30 Antenna Parameters B11 MSC

10.30-10.45 Coffee Break

10.45-12.00Printed

antennas/Feeding Networks

B11 JMFG

12.00-13.00 Linear Antennas B11 JGGT

13.00-14.30 Lunch

14.30-15.30Introduction to Array Antennas

B11 JMIA

15.30-16.30 Aperture Antennas B11 AF


Programme

Wednesday 20th

Wednesday, March 20

9.00-10.30Antennas Design

(Simulation, Method)B11 ANS

10.30-10.45 Coffee Break

10.45-12.15Introduction to Measurements

TechniquesB11 AGA

12.15-13.30

Signal Processing in Antennas: Smart

Antennas and MIMO Systems

B11 JMC

13.30-15.00 Lunch

15.00-17.00

Laboratory: Measurement in

anechoic chamber /Simulation with CST Studio Suite

B-031/HP(A03

7)

MSC/PCA /JMFG/JMIA


Programme

Thursday 21st & Friday 22nd

Thursday, March 21

9.00-13.30Visit to Centro

Astronómico de Yebes (CAY)

MSC/JMFG

15.00-17.00

Laboratory: Measurement in

anechoic chamber /Simulation with CST Studio Suite

B-031 HP(A037)

JMFG/PCA/ANS/JMIA

Friday, March 22

10.00 – 13.00 Exam and Survey B11 MSC/JMFG


Evaluation

• Exercises, Laboratory, lecture attendance: 40%

• Final exam: 60%


Topics

An antenna is generally a “metallic design to radiate and receive radio waves” that match the output of the transmitter or the input of

the receiver to the medium.


Antenna properties

• The properties that have to achieve a good antenna are:– Good radiation efficiency

– Good radiation pattern appropriate to the application

– Good match to the transmission line

1radiatedr

input

P

P


Antenna history

• 1844: Telegraphy Wire

• 1864: Maxwell Equations•Mathematical model

•Maxwell equations•Scottish physicist

•Predicts theoretically the existence of electromagnetic waves• 1878: Telephone wire• 1886: First radio experiment of Hertz

•German physicist•Detects experimentally the existence of EM waves

•Construct a resonant radiating source at 75 MHz (2 metallic plates connected to an inductive coil) and a receiver system with an open loop and with a gap.Sparkles proves that there is energy transmission.

The communications by electric methods does not begin until the introduction


Antenna history

• 1897: Patent of wireless telegraphy (Marconi)• Italian engineer

• 1901: First transatlantique communication system (Marconi)•Using a transmitter of sparkles at 60 KHz•Radio Link Europe-USA

•Cornouailles (GB) – Terre-Neuve (Canada)

Monopole antenna with low gain

Ground plane

Transmitter

Insulator

Wires

of the antenna

Tower

base


Antenna history

• From Marconi until 1940, the radio technology was focused in the use of different wire antennas reaching the range frequency of UHF (300 – 3000 MHz).

• During the Second World War, new antennas are introduced (as waveguides, horns antennas and reflector antennas) for radar applications at microwave frequencies (from 1 GHz).

• In 1960, antennas for satellite communications.

• From 1970, concept of printed microstrip antennas.


Frequency bands


Microwave bands

Frequency f

Wavelength

c

f

Wavelength in free space in [m]:

Propagation velocity in free space: c = 300’000’000 m/s

Frequency: f in [Hz]


Linear antennas (current elements and progressive wave antennas)


Linear Antennas


Arrays

Base station antennas for mobile systems application: DECT (3.5 GHz): Vertical 65°, 90° antennas

TV reception via satellite for DBS (12 GHz) systems application


Arrays

Ground plane

Patches

Slots (opposite side substrate with feeding

network)

Base station antenna DCS1800 for mobile communication


Aperture (Horns)

Used in the microwave frequency range

High gain

Wide bandwidth

Easy to fabricate


Apertures (Reflectors)

Antenna for TV reception via satellite

Antenna for satellite communication from a high speed train


Apertures (Lenses)


Radioastronomy antennas

Radioastronomy Interferometer

(Very Large Aperture, New Mexico)


Adaptive Antennas

Smart Antennas and MIMO techniques

HMIMO


Antenna Measurements

Elliptic Sub-reflectorfeeder

Parabolic Reflector

Plane phase front

AUT

Double chamber Gregorian System

D=4.5 m

Main Chamber : 15L x 8W x 7.5H mFrequency Band : 6 -150 GHz

Quiet Zone : 3 m diameterAmplitude Ripple : 0.5 dB peak to peak

Phase Ripple : ± 5ºCrosspolar Level : < -38 dB

GREGORIAN COMPACT RANGE


Topics

Athens Course: Antenna Design and Measurement Techniques

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