Athens’ Age of GloryAthens’ Age of Glory

Unit 3 Chapter 8 Lesson 3

Vocabulary

• Assembly• Jury• Philosophy• Peloponnesian Wars• Pericles• Socrates• Plato• Acropolis• Parthenon

Read Aloud • If Athenians living in 500 BC could somehow have traveled 65 years into the future, they would have been amazed by what they saw. In the city’s harbor many ships would be tied at a long dock leading straight to a huge trading area. People could buy a wide range

of goods, from Egyptian papyrus to Italian cheese,

with coins from Athens or Persia. Walking up the

road to the city—now surrounded by walls—they would have seen grand stone temples where far simpler ones had once stood. Athens, clearly, was flourishing.

The Big Picture

• 499 BC – city-states of Greece go to war against the empire of Persia

• Athens built a mighty naval fleet• Sparta, Athens and other city-states for over 20

years fought and defeated the Persians• Persians still a threat and some city-states paid

protection • Enhanced the Athenian navy. • Made life better for the Athenians.• 460 – 430 BC – Golden Age of Athens

Golden Age of AthensGolden Age of Athens

• Mid 400 BC – life the Mid 400 BC – life the same as 65 yearssame as 65 years

• Life still revolved Life still revolved around the agora and around the agora and the acropolisthe acropolis

• Citizens voted on Citizens voted on issuesissues

• Festivals honored Festivals honored Athena every summerAthena every summer

A Walk Through AthensA Walk Through Athens

• Acropolis – religious center Acropolis – religious center of Athensof Athens

• Larger than other city-statesLarger than other city-states• Displayed the city’s wealth Displayed the city’s wealth

and powerand power• Center is temple to AthenaCenter is temple to Athena• Marble was from nearby Marble was from nearby

mountainmountain• Temple was The ParthenonTemple was The Parthenon• 100,000 people lived in 100,000 people lived in

Athens, the largest city in Athens, the largest city in GreeceGreece

Activity in the AgoraActivity in the Agora

• At foot of the acropolisAt foot of the acropolis• Business center Business center

• LawyersLawyers• Merchants sold perfume, vegetablesMerchants sold perfume, vegetables• Potters Potters

• City’s “bulletin board.”City’s “bulletin board.”

Athenian GovernmentAthenian Government

• 400 BC – small 400 BC – small council made all of the council made all of the city’s important city’s important decisiondecision

• Assembly – Assembly – lawmaking body – lawmaking body – voted on issues voted on issues

A Great StatesmanA Great Statesman

• 450 BC – Pericles led 450 BC – Pericles led AthensAthens

• Democracy is governed by Democracy is governed by manymany

• Made sure poor could take Made sure poor could take part in governmentpart in government

• CitizensCitizens• Served on assemblyServed on assembly• Served on juriesServed on juries• Arranged for citizens Arranged for citizens

to be paid to be paid • Farmers could afford Farmers could afford

to take time to become to take time to become involved in involved in governmentgovernment

Philosophy in AthensPhilosophy in Athenshttp://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DPeloponnesian%2BWar%26sp%3D1%26fr2%3Dhttp://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DPeloponnesian%2BWar%26sp%3D1%26fr2%3D

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• Famous teacher- Famous teacher- SocratesSocrates 400 BC400 BC Taught philosophyTaught philosophy Questioned BestQuestioned Best GovernmentGovernment LoveLove Good citizen Good citizen ReligionReligion 399 BC – urge revolt399 BC – urge revolt sentenced to deathsentenced to death Student is Plato, who wrote Student is Plato, who wrote down Socrates’ idea.down Socrates’ idea.

War and ConflictWar and Conflict

• Golden Age - ended Golden Age - ended • Sparta and other Sparta and other

Greek cities jealous of Greek cities jealous of power and wealthpower and wealth

• 431 BC – 431 BC – Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars

Battles on Land and SeaBattles on Land and Sea

• Begin – Spartan Army attacksBegin – Spartan Army attacks• Pericles knew Athens no matchPericles knew Athens no match• Athenians living outside city Athenians living outside city

walls came inside the citywalls came inside the city• Sparta destroys Athenian Sparta destroys Athenian

farmlandfarmland• Navy controlled the Aegean Navy controlled the Aegean

Sea and brought in grainSea and brought in grain• War deadlockedWar deadlocked• Sparta won on landSparta won on land• Athens won on sea1Athens won on sea1• 1/3 of population died from a 1/3 of population died from a

plagueplague

A Final BlowA Final Blow

• 404 BC – Sparta cuts off Athenian grain supply404 BC – Sparta cuts off Athenian grain supply• Starving Athenians surrenderedStarving Athenians surrendered• History of war in Thucydides who lived through itHistory of war in Thucydides who lived through it• War is a “violent teacher.”War is a “violent teacher.”

End of the Golden AgeEnd of the Golden Age

• Following Following Peloponnesian Wars Peloponnesian Wars Sparta led the polisSparta led the polis

• For 50 years no city-For 50 years no city-state held controlstate held control

• Threats came from the Threats came from the North-MacedoniaNorth-Macedonia

• Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Why It MattersWhy It Matters

• 500-400 BC – legacy from Athens500-400 BC – legacy from Athens• Improved democracyImproved democracy• Built templesBuilt temples• Searched for wisdom through philosophySearched for wisdom through philosophy• 400 BC – Alexander the Great would spread 400 BC – Alexander the Great would spread

the Greek idealsthe Greek ideals

MAIN IDEASMAIN IDEAS

• In the 400sBC – during their “Golden Age,” In the 400sBC – during their “Golden Age,” Athenians discussed philosophy, wrote plays and Athenians discussed philosophy, wrote plays and built many grand buildingsbuilt many grand buildings

• Though democracy was still limited to male Though democracy was still limited to male citizens, Pericles worked to give poorer citizens a citizens, Pericles worked to give poorer citizens a voice in Athenian governmentvoice in Athenian government

• The Peloponnesian Wars ended the “Golden Age” The Peloponnesian Wars ended the “Golden Age” of Athens. Afterward no singl polis dominated of Athens. Afterward no singl polis dominated Greece (Banks 209). Greece (Banks 209).

Think About ItThink About It

• How did the war against Persia bring new How did the war against Persia bring new wealth and power to Athens?wealth and power to Athens?

• What changes did Pericles introduce in What changes did Pericles introduce in Athens?Athens?

FocusFocus

• FOCUS: List three things that reflect how the FOCUS: List three things that reflect how the century before 400 BC was a “golden age” for century before 400 BC was a “golden age” for Athens.Athens.

• THINKING SKILL: Make a generalization about THINKING SKILL: Make a generalization about the changes tha occurred in Athenian government the changes tha occurred in Athenian government between 500 BC and 400 BC.between 500 BC and 400 BC.

• WRITE: Write a paragraph comparing democracy WRITE: Write a paragraph comparing democracy in Athens with democracy in the United States. in Athens with democracy in the United States.

THINKING SKILLSTHINKING SKILLS

• CONCLUSION – A FINAL STATEMENT CONCLUSION – A FINAL STATEMENT ABOUT THE MEANING OF MANY ABOUT THE MEANING OF MANY FACTSFACTS• Helps student see events within the “big Helps student see events within the “big

picture.”picture.”• Helps make sense of specific facts you can see Helps make sense of specific facts you can see

how they fit into the big picturehow they fit into the big picture

ParagraphParagraph

• What is it about? What is the topic?What is it about? What is the topic?• What are three facts stated?What are three facts stated?• What are keywords in these facts?What are keywords in these facts?• What is the common idea?What is the common idea?• What isn’t stated but then can be implied?What isn’t stated but then can be implied?

Reviewing the skillReviewing the skill

• What is a conclusion?What is a conclusion?• What steps are involved in making a What steps are involved in making a

conclusion?conclusion?• How does making conclusion help you to How does making conclusion help you to

better understand many specific facts?better understand many specific facts?