ATFM / CDM and Airport CDM introduction...ZTL ZMP ZAB ZAU ZDV ZFW ZHU ZID ZJX ZKC ZLA ZLC ZMA ZME...

COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL

ATFM / CDM and Airport CDM introduction

October, 2012


ATFM/CDM October, 2012


ATFM/CDM Topics

• Airport Slots and ATC Slots

• Integrated Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM)

• ATFM/CDM System Context

• ATFM/CDM Infrastructure Implications

• Case Studies

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Airport Slots and ATC Slots

• Airport Slots represent the strategic (e.g., seasonal) slot allocations typically determined via the IATA Worldwide Scheduling Guidelines • Static allocations by airport authorities (or designees) in collaboration with aircraft

operators based on expected capacity considering airside and landside operations

• Not intended to support to tactical, dynamic capacity or demand changes • ATC Slots represent the strategic, pre-tactical, and tactical slots

allocated using Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) and continually refined using ATFM and Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) with aircraft operators • Dynamic allocations to support demand/capacity balancing • Responsive to changing capacity or demand • Active participation of aircraft operators via CDM • Can incorporate Airport Slots into solution via prediction or initial slot allocation

priority

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• Balancing resource (e.g. Airport, Airspace) demand with capacity, enabling seamless airspace, and harmonizing gate-to-gate operations - worldwide:

• across operational domains – surface, departure, en route and arrival

• across FIR and country boundaries – data exchange and strategic control

• across planning time frames – strategic, pre-tactical, tactical and post-operations

• inclusive of all stakeholders: ANSP, Airport Authority, and Aircraft Operator – coordinating efforts and aligning objectives for mutual benefit

What is Integrated ATFM?

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ATFM and Tactical Decision Support

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• ATFM operates over the full spectrum of operational time phases • ATFM Demand/Capacity Balancing operates with the best available

information • As the day and hour of the operation approaches, the accuracy of

flight data improves • Tactical Decision Support Tools (e.g., A-CDM, DMAN, AMAN) operate

in smaller time horizon around operation Strategic

Pre-Tactical

Tactical

ATFM /

CDM

A-CDM

Information Sharing. Milestone Approach,

Pre-Departure Sequencing, Variable

Taxi Times. Collaborative Flight

Data Updates Adverse Conditions

Demand Capacity Management / CDM

DMAN

Departure Sequencing, Spacing, and

Runway Allocation

AMAN

Arrival Sequencing, Spacing, and

Runway Allocation


• ATFM Traffic Management Initiatives (TMIs) are specific approaches to demand/capacity balancing when the demand for a resource (e.g., airport, airspace) is predicted to exceed the capacity • Airport programs • Airspace programs

• More costly airborne delay is traded for ground delay • ATFM TMIs reduce fuel burn • ATFM TMIs reduce emissions

• Benefits Opportunity Example – very typical! • Current airborne holding for Airport 1 and Airport 2 in a given country

• Average 20 minutes holding during peak hours (~2 hrs, twice a day) • Demand of 35-40 aircraft per hour during these periods • Approximately 1,500,000 minutes of airborne holding annually

• Benefits Opportunity • Estimated fuel savings of US$ 56M • Estimated emissions reduction of 23,100 metric tones

ATFM Traffic Management Initiatives (1 of 2)

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• Airport Program introduced as first TMI by several ANSPs • Ensured uniform delivery of flights that did not exceed the arrival rate of the airport • Created predictable flows in airspace surrounding airport which greatly decreased

controller workload • Airspace Flow Program introduced following airport programs.

• Created uniform flows for flights associated with an airspace demand/capacity imbalance that was not addressed by existing airport programs

• Operational Use of ATFM TMIs has proven that Airport Programs reduce the airspace demand and en route controller workload with an explicit airspace TMI

ATFM Traffic Management Initiatives (2 of 2)

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ANSP Airport Program Airspace Program FAA 2000 2006 ATNS 2010 2013 Airservices Australia 2012 2013

Year airport and airspace became operational by ANSP


Integrated ATFM: Functional Flow

ANSP

Airport

Airline

I-ATFM

Users

Specify Capacity

Predict Demand

Monitor Demand and Capacity

Evaluate Alternative TMIs

Perform CDM

Initiate or Modify TMIs

Report Metrics and Analyze Performance (Real-Time and Post-Event)

Common Situational Awareness

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Specify Capacity / Predict Demand

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Resource Capacity

Strategic Capacity (e.g., Slot Coordination, Airspace Redesign, Special Events, Construction)

Pre-Tactical Capacity (e.g., Wx, Staffing)

Current Time - Hrs Current Time -1 day

Current Time - days, weeks, months

Tactical Capacity Impacts (e.g., Wx, Staffing)

ARR

Strategic Schedule (e.g., OAG)

Pre-Tactical Schedule (e.g., Aircraft Operator direct, RPLs, ) FPL

CNL, CHG, DLA

DEP

ANSP ETA Update (e.g., FDP trajectory)

TOT LDT TOT- hrs

TOT-1 day TOT- days, weeks, months

Flight Info

Specify Capacity

Predict Demand


Monitoring Resource Capacity and Demand

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WARR /SUB

WALL / BPN

WAAA / DPG

WADD / DPS

Stakeholder Roles • Consistently monitor demand and assess how the changing conditions might affect

capacity • Demand graphs allow air traffic managers to identify future capacity/demand

imbalances and determine if a TMI is required


• Various capacity-reducing events can require a TMI that will balance the demand with available capacity. Stakeholders can be involved in deciding the appropriate TMI with the least operational impact.

Evaluating and Initiating TMIs

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Assessing the conditions with enough anticipation

Evaluating the Impact of the TMI

• Assess changing conditions and determine any capacity adjustments

• Evaluate alternative TMIs that efficiently balance demand with capacity

Stakeholder Roles

• Work with ANSP to understand the changing conditions

• Evaluate alternatives along with ANSP and advise minimal impact TMIs

• Work with ANSP to determine extent of capacity impact


TMIs can be modified as conditions change • Full capability to revise a TMI if the operational conditions change

• Automated and manual compressions take advantage of unused capacity

Modifying TMIs

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If the weather impact does not materialize, the program is revised to reflect available capacity

Stakeholder Roles

• ANSP makes any program revisions necessary in order to accommodate changing conditions.

• ANSP can fill the unused capacity by issuing a program compression


• Aircraft operators manage their slots within a program using automated capabilities that do not require ANSP intervention

• Slot substitutions allow aircraft operator to incorporate business priorities into operational decisions that maximize use of available capacity

• Advanced substitution capabilities allow “blind” transfer of slots between aircraft operators

• EUROCONTROL Network Manager and industries are working together to enhance aircraft operator flexibility for slot substitutions

Performing CDM

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Stakeholders Involved:


Visibility into operational performance • How did the ATM system perform?

• Reporting capabilities allow users to define their own performance metrics

• Reports can be generated across user-defined time scales

Post Operational Evaluation

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Stakeholders Roles:

• Create standard or specialized reports • Create metrics to evaluate system

performance


ATFM/CDM System Context

Strategic Airport Slot Schedules

[Optional]

System Wide Airline Schedule Data (e.g. OAG)

ANSP Flight Data

(AFTN or FDP)

Aircraft Operator Automation

System [Optional]

Traffic Flow Manager

En Route or Terminal User

Tower User (Clearance Delivery)

Support Personnel

ANSP Users External Systems

Aircraft Operator User

Airport Authority User

ATFM System: I-ATFM for ANSPs

Demand, CTOTs, CLDTs

Monitor and Control

Adaptation Data

Slot Allocations

Flight Schedules, Cancellations Substitutions

CTOTs CTOT and CLDT Compliance

Demand Operational Constraints TMIs

Weather Data (Forecast or

Graphical Overlay) [Optional]

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• ATFM/CDM is mission critical – not safety critical • Simplifies Korea’s access to upgrades, new functionalities, and open

data sharing with stakeholders • ATFM/CDM has minimal deployment requirements

• Allows Korea to deploy ATFM/CDM independently of other infrastructure projects to quickly realize operational benefits

• With ATFM/CDM in place, subsequent infrastructure changes (e.g., new ATC system, A-CDM, AMAN, and future integrations with e.g. Japan or China) can use ATFM/CDM to smooth the transition by managing the overall demand as new systems and procedures are introduced

• AFTM/CDM deployment for operational use of Airport TMIs simplifies training of the client and aircraft operator personnel while providing side benefit of reduced airspace demand

ATFM/CDM Infrastructure Implications

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• I-ATFM Implementation:

• Phased Implementation of ATFM functionality • Airport programs at Sydney (YSSY) and Perth (YPPH) • 15 – year support contract • Commissioned for Operational Use in March, 2012

• Realized Benefits:

• Airborne holding into Sydney has been reduced by approximately 33 percent • Fuel savings of US$6.5 million in the first two months of operations in Sydney alone • Reduced flying time from Sydney-Melbourne by 5 minutes per flight reducing CO2 emissions by 40,000

metric tones annually • Anticipated benefits to reach more than US$100 million when deployed for complete Australia

• Customer Comments:

• "Our ATFM system provides Airservices, airlines and all stakeholders with powerful capabilities to collaborate and optimize the capacity and safety of the Australian airspace, while also contributing to our environmental sustainability goals“ – Jason Harfield, Executive General Manager, Air Traffic Control Group

Case Study: Airservices Australia

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• Operational Scenario: • San Jose Los Cabos (MMSD) experienced large

amount of arrival delay • Seasonal Demand increased delay and airborne

holding in the terminal area and en route • Ground Stops implemented because of airspace

congestion – “Stop and Go” arrivals • I-ATFM Implementation

• In the Winter of 2006, the FAA implemented an Airspace Flow Program (ATFM TMI) for flights arriving at MMSD

• This is effectively an Airport program that balanced capacity and demand into the airport

• Benefits Realized: • Ground Stop, Stop-and-Go operations eliminated • Airborne Holding greatly reduced • Arrival flows smoothed into MMSD

• En Route congestion eliminated by ATFM TMI

Case Study: Los Cabos, Mexico

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Before

After

Airborne Holding


• I-ATFM can provide Korea with demand/capacity balancing and CDM for airports and airspaces • Significant operational benefits can be provided to Korea and Korean aircraft

operators with early deployment of Airport TMIs

• I-ATFM deployment requires minimal external data interfaces

• I-ATFM can provide a complete system including HW and or offer coordination to procure COTS HW and SW locally

ATFM/CDM

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Airport CDM October, 2012


Motivation for Airport-CDM (A-CDM)

? ?

? ?

?

? ?

? ?

Airports are a significant node in the global ATM network Visibility into airport operations is

limited Local airport efficiencies can

have positive impact on global ATM network efficiency When will a flight depart? How far in advance is the take off

time known? ANSPs, Airports, and Aircraft

Operators each have a role in achieving efficient local airport operations

Airport operations integrated with network operations (ATFM) can improve performance of all stakeholders

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Objective: Improve Air Traffic Management at airports through

the collaborative involvement of stakeholders to efficiently utilize available resources

Approach: Increase predictability of take-off times at local

airports by: − Defining a standardized airside process − Supporting ATFM slot compliance − Improving the predictability of events − Optimizing the utilization of resources

Benefits: Improved departure punctuality Reduced taxi time Improved ATFM slot compliance Situational awareness for stakeholders

A-CDM Solution

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A-CDM Functions

Information Sharing Consolidate common data regarding flight intentions to enhance situational

awareness Turn-round Milestone Approach

Improve predictability of the turn-round process via standard discrete events Variable Taxi Time

Improve accuracy of predicted Take-Off times by incorporating factors that affect Taxi-Out process

Pre-Departure Sequencing Improve efficiency, punctuality and slot compliance associated with the Taxi-

Out process by controlling the Off Block time Adverse Conditions

Improve predictability and performance associated with capacity reducing events

Collaborative Management of Flight Updates Share ATFM flight control times and A-CDM departure planning information

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Information Sharing

Consolidate flight specific information into a common data set across stakeholder systems

Common situational awareness Providing the right data to the right people at the right time

ANSPs Airports Aircraft Operators

Flight event predictions User-configurable displays User-configurable alerts Post-operations analysis Playback functionality

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Turn-round Milestone Approach (Tactical)

Start-Up Req.

Take-Off

Off-Block

Start-Up Appr. TSAT Issued

In-Block

Landed

Final Appr.

FIR Entry Milestones

Final TOBT

pre A-CDM Black Box

16 15 14 10 13 7 6 5 4 9

TTOT = TSAT+EXOT

TTOT = AOBT+EXOT

Departure Planning

Information TTOT = TOBT+EXOT TTOT = ALDT+EXIT+MTTT+EXOT

TTOT = ELDT+EXIT+MTTT+EXOT

ATOT

Standardized turn-round checkpoints to enhance situational awareness and departure related predictions (each stakeholder has a role)

GH Start

8 12

Aircraft Ready

Boarding Start

11

On-Block

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Variable Taxi Time

Dynamic prediction of Taxi Out time • Advanced predictions incorporate

surface surveillance data Basic factors

• Airport layout / infrastructure • Individual routing (A/C type) • Low visibility procedures • Runway configuration

Advanced factors • Taxiway closures • Intersection sequencing • Opposite traffic • Departure queuing • Runway crossing • Traffic Density and Congestion

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Traffic Event Detector

Uses advanced track data analysis for event detection − Landed – M6 − Runway Vacated − In-Block – M7 − Off-Block – M15 − Taxi Start − Runway Crossing − Departure Queue Entry − Line-Up − Take-Off – M16

Improves Turn-round Milestone and Variable Taxi Time functions

Supports Post Operations Analysis

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Pre-Departure Sequencing

Efficient determination of TSAT and TTOT that considers ATFM constraints, airport conditions, and aircraft operator flexibility

Smoothly delivers aircraft to the ANSP transfer control point

Highly flexible sequencing engine (web front-end) − Supports different sets of

sequencing rules − User-defined rules

Strong focus on stability of TSAT and TTOT

Powerful post-analysis capabilities (web front-end) − Respond to airline concerns − Tuning / performance monitor

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Adverse Conditions

Tactical reductions to airport capacity can impact efficiency A-CDM, when integrated with ATFM, provides methods to optimize

resources due to dynamic changes to available capacity

Departure Fix Delay Predictions Surface Demand Predictions Aircraft Operator Pre-Emptive Actions

Pre-Departure Sequencing Adjustments Revised TMIs

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Collaborative Management of Flight Updates

Information about the progress of a flight (e.g., COBT, ELDT)

Updated Flight Data

ATFM System

Updated information concerning a departure flight (e.g., TTOT)

Departure Planning

Information

Local Airport

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Airport CDM System

SSR

FDPS AODB

Turn Round Process

ATC

ATC Airport

Airline/GH

Demand/ Capacity Balancing

Milestones VTT PDS

ATFM

Info Sharing

Adverse Conditions

Flight Updates

A-SMGCS ATC/ Airport

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A-CDM Information Sharing

Platform

Airport CDM


Airport CDM Case Study: Frankfurt

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• Objective: Satisfy EUROCONTROL A-CDM Mandate

• Provided Pre-Departure Sequencer • Automated TSAT Calculation

– Demand Prediction – TSAT calculation based on specified constraints and flexible priority rules – Automatic flight change on airline request

• Results • Operational since November 2010 • EUROCONTROL Certification Achieved

• Operational Benefits:

• One Million Taxi Minutes saved per year • Represents US$12 Million saving per year

• CFMU Slot adherence improved by 25% • Represents significant runway capacity increase

ATFM / CDM and �Airport CDM introductionATFM/CDMATFM/CDM TopicsAirport Slots and ATC SlotsWhat is Integrated ATFM?ATFM and Tactical Decision SupportATFM Traffic Management Initiatives (1 of 2)ATFM Traffic Management Initiatives (2 of 2)Integrated ATFM: Functional FlowSpecify Capacity / Predict DemandMonitoring Resource Capacity and DemandEvaluating and Initiating TMIsModifying TMIsPerforming CDMPost Operational EvaluationATFM/CDM System ContextATFM/CDM Infrastructure ImplicationsCase Study: Airservices AustraliaCase Study: Los Cabos, MexicoATFM/CDMAirport CDMMotivation for Airport-CDM (A-CDM)A-CDM SolutionA-CDM FunctionsInformation SharingTurn-round Milestone Approach (Tactical)Variable Taxi TimeTraffic Event DetectorPre-Departure SequencingAdverse ConditionsCollaborative Management of Flight UpdatesAirport CDM SystemAirport CDM Case Study: Frankfurt

ATFM / CDM and Airport CDM introduction...ZTL ZMP ZAB ZAU ZDV ZFW ZHU ZID ZJX ZKC ZLA ZLC ZMA ZME...

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