At-Grade Intersection Types of Intersection Maneuvers Source: FHWA Roundabout Guide.

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Transcript of At-Grade Intersection Types of Intersection Maneuvers Source: FHWA Roundabout Guide.

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At-Grade IntersectionAt-Grade Intersection

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Types of Intersection ManeuversTypes of Intersection Maneuvers

Source: FHWA Roundabout Guide

RIGHT LEFT MUTUAL MULTIPLE

RIGHT LEFT MUTUAL MULTIPLE

DIRECT OPPOSED OBLIQUE MULTIPLE

ELEMENTAL MULTIPLE

ELEMENTAL

DIVERGING

MERGING

CROSSING

WEAVING

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4-way Intersection

32conflict points

High speed impacts

High angle impacts

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Roundabout

8conflict points

75% reduction in

Motor Vehicle conflicts

Low speed impacts

Low angle impacts

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BEFORE AFTER

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Intersection Control HierarchyIntersection Control Hierarchy

• No Control (Basic Rule)

• Yield Sign

• Stop Sign – normal control method

• All-Way Stop

• Roundabout

• Traffic Signal

• Grade Separation

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Traffic SignalsTraffic Signals

AdvantagesAdvantages

• Orderly movement of traffic

• Reduces certain types of crashes

• Interrupts heavy flows for minor movements

• Promotes driver confidence

• Provides gap for minor movements

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Traffic SignalsTraffic Signals

Disadvantages

• Increases total delay, especially off-peak

• Increases fuel consumption

• Increases crashes

• Induces road users to less appropriate routes

• Unnecessary delay if not properly located

• Bad timing, bad engineer!

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GRADE SEPARATION

• High flows

• Minimal delays

• Expensive

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At-Grade Railway CrossingsHorizontal alignment Intersection at right angle on a tangent section No other nearby intersections

Vertical alignment Intersection as level as possible Adequate view of crossing Vertical profile should prevent vehicles with low

clearance from being caught on the track (see below)

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Traffic Lane

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Auxiliary Lanes

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Auxiliary Lanes

Auxiliary lanes:– remove accelerating or decelerating vehicles

from the through lanes – store turning vehicles– increase road capacity

Types of acceleration or deceleration lanes

parallel lanes

directional lanes (tapers)

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Auxiliary LanesTapers

MEDIAN

MEDIAN

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Lane Shift

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Offset Left-Turn Lanes

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Offset Left-Turn Lanes

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Continuous Left-

Turn Lanes

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Minimum Design for U-TurnsExhibit 9-92

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Objectives of Channelization and Design Objectives of Channelization and Design Elements to Achieve ThemElements to Achieve Them

Proh

ibitio

ns o

f M

ovem

ents

Defin

ition

of V

ehicl

e Pa

ths

Prom

otio

n of

Saf

e Sp

eeds

Sepa

ratio

n of

Con

flicts

Angl

es o

f Cro

ss a

nd

Mer

ge

Facil

itatio

n of

Hig

h Pr

iorit

y M

ovem

ents

Facil

itatio

n of

Tra

ffic

Cont

rol

Acco

mod

atio

n of

Slo

w or

Dec

eler

atin

g Ve

hicle

sSa

fe R

efug

e fo

r Pe

dest

rians

Traffic Lanes Traffic Islands Median Dividers Corner Radii Approach Geometry Pavement Tapers or Transitions Traffic Control Device

Objectives of Channelization

Design Elements

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

90°

180°

120°

150°60

°

30°

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of Channelization (Type 1)Design of Channelization (Type 1)

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Design of Channelization (Type 1)Design of Channelization (Type 1)

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of Channelization (Type 2)Design of Channelization (Type 2)

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Design of Channelization (Type 2)Design of Channelization (Type 2)

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of Channelization (Type 3)Design of Channelization (Type 3)

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Design of Channelization (Type 3)Design of Channelization (Type 3)

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of Channelization (Type 4)Design of Channelization (Type 4)

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Design of Channelization (Type 4)Design of Channelization (Type 4)

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Design of ChannelizationDesign of Channelization

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Traffic Island

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Simultaneous Left-Turn Lanes

Exhibit 9-99

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Corner CutCorner Cut

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Appendix

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Sight ObstructionSight Obstruction

Hidden Vehicle

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Auxiliary LanesAuxiliary Lanes

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3.0 - 4.8 m

Continuous Continuous Left-Turn Left-Turn

LanesLanes

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Offset Left-Turn Lanes

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Traffic IslandTraffic Island


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