Marketing & Sales of Solar Energy Systems ASU July 11-12, 2008 Brandon Leavitt [email protected].
ASU SD Presentation 2008
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Transcript of ASU SD Presentation 2008
SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS: ADAPTING UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT BASELINE INDICATORS FOR COUNTRIES TO MEASURE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CITY OF PHOENIX
Graham TwaddellEnvironmental Technology Management
Arizona State University East
Chair: Dr Nicholas Hild
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methods
Chapter 4: Results
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
Statement of Problem
Scope of Work
Objectives
Limitations & Assumptions
LITERATURE REVIEW
United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (2001) Indicators of Sustainable Development Framework and Methodologies
European Commission (1997) Indicators of Sustainable Development: A Pilot Study Following the Methodology of the United Nation’s Commission on Sustainable Development
Sustainable San Mateo County (2003) Indicators for a Sustainable San Mateo County: A Yearly Report Card on Our County’s Quality of Life
Sustainable Seattle (2004) Indicators of Sustainable Community 1998: A status Report on Long-Term Cultural, Economic, and Environmental Health for Seattle/King County
METHODS
25 stakeholders were identified from the categories:
Decision Maker Expert Parties Affected
Questionnaires were designed and administered via e-mail after satisfying ASU Institutional Review Board
Stakeholders were requested to rank each potential indicator with relation to its relevance to the city of Phoenix
RESULTS
Rank Scale
0 = indicator not understood1 = relevance to the city of Phoenix not known2 = no relevance to the city of Phoenix3 = low relevance to the city of Phoenix4 = medium relevance to the city of Phoenix5 = high relevance to the city of Phoenix
An average rank score determined for each indicator
Participant 01
0
1
2
3
4
5
Per
cent
of P
opul
atio
n Li
ving
bel
ow P
over
ty L
ine
Gin
i Ind
ex o
f Inc
ome
Ineq
ualit
y U
nem
ploy
men
t Rat
e R
atio
of A
vera
ge F
emal
e W
age
to M
ale
Wag
e N
utrit
iona
l Sta
tus
of C
hild
ren
Mor
talit
y R
ate
Und
er 5
Yea
rs O
ld
Life
Exp
ecta
ncy
at B
irth
Per
cent
of P
opul
atio
n w
ith A
dequ
ate
Sew
age
Dis
posa
l Fac
ilitie
s P
opul
atio
n w
ith A
cces
s to
Saf
e D
rinki
ng W
ater
P
erce
nt o
f Pop
ulat
ion
with
Acc
ess
to P
rimar
y H
ealth
Car
e F
acili
ties
Imm
uniz
atio
n A
gain
st In
fect
ious
Chi
ldho
od D
isea
ses
Con
trace
ptiv
e P
reva
lenc
e R
ate
Chi
ldre
n R
each
ing
Gra
de 5
of P
rimar
y E
duca
tion
Adu
lt S
econ
dary
Edu
catio
n A
chie
vem
ent L
evel
A
dult
Lite
racy
Rat
e F
loor
Are
a pe
r Per
son
Num
ber o
f Rec
orde
d C
rimes
per
100
,000
Pop
ulat
ion
Pop
ulat
ion
Gro
wth
Rat
e P
opul
atio
n of
Urb
an F
orm
al a
nd In
form
al S
ettle
men
ts
Per
cent
age
of P
opul
atio
n th
at V
olun
teer
Atte
ndan
ces
at In
dica
tor A
rts V
enue
sF
undi
ng S
ourc
es a
nd A
mou
nts
Rec
eive
d fo
r the
Arts
Num
ber o
f Pla
ces
at A
fford
able
Day
Car
e F
acili
ties
Hou
sing
Affo
rdab
ility
(Per
cent
age
of A
nnua
l Inc
ome)
Num
ber o
f New
Hom
es B
uilt
on P
revi
ousl
y D
evel
oped
Lan
dN
umbe
r of W
omen
in P
ublic
App
oint
men
ts a
nd S
enio
r Pos
ition
sH
ours
of W
ork
Req
uire
d fo
r Bas
ic N
eeds
Per
Pup
il F
undi
ng (P
erce
nt P
er P
upil)
Num
ber B
usin
esse
s O
fferin
g E
duca
tion
Opp
ortu
nitie
sN
umbe
r of R
ecor
ded
Sub
stan
ce A
buse
and
DU
I Cas
esR
epor
ted
Chi
ld A
buse
Cas
esP
erce
ntag
e of
Juv
enile
s R
elat
ed to
Rec
orde
d C
rimes
Sub
stan
ce A
buse
Tre
atm
ent P
rovi
ded
Per
cent
of P
opul
atio
n w
ith H
ealth
Insu
ranc
eN
umbe
r of W
ork
Fat
aliti
es a
nd In
jury
Rat
es
Num
ber o
f Wor
king
Day
s Lo
st T
hrou
gh Il
lnes
sN
umbe
r of R
epor
ted
Wat
er L
eaka
ge In
cide
nts
Per
cent
Exp
ende
d on
Hea
lth C
are
Per
cent
of N
ew B
irths
Und
er N
atio
nal A
vera
ge W
eigh
t E
mis
sion
s of
Gre
enho
use
Gas
es
Con
sum
ptio
n of
Ozo
ne D
eple
ting
Sub
stan
ces
Am
bien
t Con
cent
ratio
n of
Air
Pol
luta
nts
Urb
an A
reas
A
rabl
e an
d P
erm
anen
t Cro
p La
nd A
rea
Use
of F
ertil
izer
s U
se o
f Agr
icul
tura
l Pes
ticid
es
For
est A
rea
as a
Per
cent
of L
and
Are
a W
ood
Har
vest
ing
Inte
nsity
La
nd A
ffect
ed b
y D
eser
tific
atio
n A
rea
of U
rban
For
mal
and
Info
rmal
Set
tlem
ents
A
lgae
Con
cent
ratio
n in
Coa
stal
Wat
ers
Per
cent
of T
otal
Pop
ulat
ion
Livi
ng in
Coa
stal
Are
as
Ann
ual C
atch
by
Maj
or S
peci
es
Ann
ual W
ithdr
awal
of G
roun
d an
d S
urfa
ce W
ater
as
a P
erce
nt o
f Tot
alB
OD
in W
ater
Bod
ies
Con
cent
ratio
n of
Fae
cal C
olifo
rm in
Fre
shw
ater
A
rea
of S
elec
ted
Key
Eco
syst
ems
Pro
tect
ed A
rea
as a
Per
cent
age
of T
otal
Are
a A
bund
ance
of S
elec
ted
Key
Spe
cies
A
rea
of C
ity P
arks
and
Ope
n S
pace
sA
rea
of P
edes
trian
-Bic
ycle
-Frie
ndly
Stre
ets
Are
a of
Impe
rvio
us S
urfa
ceE
mpl
oym
ent C
once
ntra
tion
Per
cent
of L
ocal
Far
m P
rodu
ctio
nIm
plem
enta
tion
of E
nviro
nmen
tal M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
s or
Sim
ilar
GD
P p
er C
apita
In
vest
men
t Sha
re in
GD
P
Bal
ance
of T
rade
in G
oods
and
Ser
vice
s D
ebt t
o G
NP
Rat
io
Tot
al O
DA
Giv
en o
r Rec
eive
d as
a P
erce
nt o
f GN
P
Inte
nsity
of M
ater
ial U
se
Ann
ual E
nerg
y C
onsu
mpt
ion
per C
apita
S
hare
of C
onsu
mpt
ion
of R
enew
able
Ene
rgy
Res
ourc
es
Inte
nsity
of E
nerg
y U
se
Gen
erat
ion
of In
dust
rial a
nd M
unic
ipal
Sol
id W
aste
G
ener
atio
n of
Haz
ardo
us W
aste
M
anag
emen
t of R
adio
activ
e W
aste
W
aste
Rec
yclin
g an
d R
euse
D
ista
nce
Tra
vele
d pe
r Cap
ita b
y M
ode
of T
rans
port
Num
ber o
f Sus
tain
able
Tou
rism
Pro
ject
sN
atio
nal S
usta
inab
le D
evel
opm
ent S
trate
gy
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
Rat
ified
Glo
bal A
gree
men
ts
Num
ber o
f Int
erne
t Sub
scrib
ers
per 1
000
Inha
bita
nts
Mai
n T
elep
hone
Lin
es p
er 1
000
Inha
bita
nts
Exp
endi
ture
on
Res
earc
h an
d D
evel
opm
ent a
s a
Per
cent
of G
DP
E
cono
mic
and
Hum
an L
oss
Due
to N
atur
al D
isas
ters
D
evel
opm
ent a
nd Im
plem
enta
tion
of G
reen
Bui
ldin
g P
olic
ies
Per
cent
Usi
ng P
ublic
Lib
rary
Per
cent
of R
egis
tere
d T
o V
ote
Pop
ulat
ion
Vot
ing
Potential Sustainability Indicators
Ran
k Im
port
ance
P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 AverageRounded Average
Potential Sustainability Indicator
Social (CSD)5 4 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 4.64 5 Percent of Population Living below Poverty Line 4 5 0 5 3 5 1 4 5 0 5 1 3 2 4 4 3 0 1 4 4 5 4 4 5 3.24 3 Gini Index of Income Inequality 5 5 5 3 3 5 5 3 4 5 4 5 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.40 4 Unemployment Rate 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 3 3 4 5 3 3 5 3 5 5 3.92 4 Ratio of Average Female Wage to Male Wage 4 3 3 4 3 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 3 3 5 4 3 5 4.04 4 Nutritional Status of Children 4 3 4 3 2 3 5 4 5 5 5 1 3 4 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 4 3 5 3.72 4 Mortality Rate Under 5 Years Old 5 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 5 5 4 1 2 4 5 5 3 4 3 3 3 5 4 3 5 3.68 4 Life Expectancy at Birth
3 3 4 3 2 5 5 4 3 5 4 3 2 3 5 4 5 5 3 3 3 4 5 3 5 3.76 4Percent of Population with Adequate Sewage Disposal Facilities
5 3 5 3 2 5 5 3 5 5 4 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 4.12 4 Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water
5 5 4 5 4 4 5 2 5 5 5 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.52 5Percent of Population with Access to Primary Health Care Facilities
5 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 3 4 5 4.20 4 Immunization Against Infectious Childhood Diseases 3 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 3 4 4 4 3 5 4 3 5 3.84 4 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 3 5 5 4 4 3 4 5 3 3 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4.04 4 Children Reaching Grade 5 of Primary Education 5 5 4 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 3 4.48 4 Adult Secondary Education Achievement Level 5 5 4 4 3 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4.48 4 Adult Literacy Rate 3 3 3 1 3 3 4 5 4 4 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3.24 3 Floor Area per Person 5 4 4 5 3 4 5 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4.16 4 Number of Recorded Crimes per 100,000 Population 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.84 5 Population Growth Rate 2 3 3 4 5 4 5 4 5 0 4 5 4 2 5 0 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 3.84 4 Population of Urban Formal and Informal Settlements
Social (Additional)5 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 3 3 3 3.76 4 Percentage of Population that Volunteer5 3 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 3 4 5 3 0 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 5 3.68 4 Attendances at Indicator Arts Venues4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 5 4 5 3 4 5 3 3 4 1 5 4 5 4 4 5 3.88 4 Funding Sources and Amounts Received for the Arts5 5 3 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.56 5 Number of Places at Affordable Day Care Facilities5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 4.76 5 Housing Affordability (Percentage of Annual Income)
4 3 3 5 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 3 5 4 3 4 5 5 1 5 4.16 4Number of New Homes Built on Previously Developed Land
3 4 3 5 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 3 4 5 4.00 4Number of Women in Public Appointments and Senior Positions
5 5 4 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 3 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4.48 4 Hours of Work Required for Basic Needs3 5 3 5 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.36 4 Per Pupil Funding (Percent Per Pupil)4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 1 5 4 5 3 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.24 4 Number Businesses Offering Education Opportunities5 3 3 5 3 4 5 3 4 4 5 1 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 4.12 4 Number of Recorded Substance Abuse and DUI Cases4 4 3 5 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 4.40 4 Reported Child Abuse Cases5 3 3 5 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 1 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4.28 4 Percentage of Juveniles Related to Recorded Crimes4 3 3 5 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 1 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4.16 4 Substance Abuse Treatment Provided4 4 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.64 5 Percent of Population with Health Insurance4 3 3 1 4 3 5 4 5 4 5 1 3 3 4 4 3 5 1 3 5 1 4 4 5 3.48 3 Number of Work Fatalities and Injury Rates 4 4 4 1 4 3 5 3 5 4 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 4 1 3 4 1 4 3 5 3.60 4 Number of Working Days Lost Through Illness2 3 3 4 4 3 5 4 5 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 4 4 1 5 4 3 3 4 5 3.56 4 Number of Reported Water Leakage Incidents5 4 3 5 4 3 5 3 5 5 5 1 5 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 5 3 5 5 4.16 4 Percent Expended on Health Care4 3 3 1 3 3 4 3 5 4 4 1 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3.24 3 Percent of New Births Under National Average Weight
P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 AverageRounded Average
Environmental (CSD)
2 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 5 3 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.24 4 Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 2 4 3 5 4 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 3 2 5 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 4.16 4 Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.76 5 Ambient Concentration of Air Pollutants Urban Areas 4 2 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 5 3 2 2 4 5 4 5 2 3 4 3 5 5 3.44 3 Arable and Permanent Crop Land Area 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 5 3 2 2 3 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 3.64 4 Use of Fertilizers 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 3 5 4 4 5 3 2 2 3 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 3.80 4 Use of Agricultural Pesticides 2 2 3 3 2 4 5 2 4 3 2 4 2 2 2 2 5 4 5 2 5 2 4 3 5 3.16 3 Forest Area as a Percent of Land Area 2 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 3 5 2 2 2 5 4 5 2 5 2 3 2 5 2.96 3 Wood Harvesting Intensity 2 4 4 4 4 3 5 2 1 5 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 5 2 5 3 5 3 5 3.44 3 Land Affected by Desertification 2 4 3 1 5 3 5 3 4 0 5 5 5 2 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3.84 4 Area of Urban Formal and Informal Settlements 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 5 2.28 2 Algae Concentration in Coastal Waters 2 2 4 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 5 2.28 2 Percent of Total Population Living in Coastal Areas 2 2 3 1 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 3 2 5 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 5 2.40 2 Annual Catch by Major Species
5 4 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.76 5Annual Withdrawal of Ground and Surface Water as a Percent of Total Available Water
3 4 0 1 3 5 5 3 4 0 4 1 5 2 5 0 0 5 5 4 3 5 5 5 0 3.08 3 BOD in Water Bodies 3 3 0 1 3 5 5 4 5 0 4 3 5 2 5 0 0 5 5 4 3 1 5 5 5 3.24 3 Concentration of Faecal Coliform in Freshwater 4 3 0 5 4 4 5 4 4 0 5 5 4 2 4 4 0 5 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 3.72 4 Area of Selected Key Ecosystems 4 3 3 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 4 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 5 4.04 4 Protected Area as a Percentage of Total Area 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 4 4 3 1 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 3.80 4 Abundance of Selected Key Species
Environmental (Additional)5 3 3 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4.36 4 Area of City Parks and Open Spaces5 4 3 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4.44 4 Area of Pedestrian-Bicycle-Friendly Streets2 5 3 0 4 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 0 4 0 4 4 5 4 4 5 3.36 3 Area of Impervious Surface5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4.44 4 Employment Concentration5 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 5 4 5 3 2 5 5 4 4 1 3 4 1 3 4 5 3.60 4 Percent of Local Farm Production
5 5 0 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 5 5 4.24 4Implementation of Environmental Management Systems or Similar Type of Standards
P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 AverageRounded Average
Economic (CSD)
5 4 5 1 4 5 5 3 1 4 4 1 5 4 5 5 3 0 1 5 4 1 3 4 4 3.44 3 GDP per Capita 5 3 5 1 4 5 5 3 1 5 3 1 4 4 5 5 3 0 1 5 4 0 3 1 4 3.20 3 Investment Share in GDP 4 3 5 1 4 4 5 3 1 4 5 1 4 4 4 4 3 0 1 4 4 5 3 3 4 3.32 3 Balance of Trade in Goods and Services 4 3 5 5 4 3 5 3 1 4 4 1 4 5 4 4 5 0 1 4 4 5 4 4 4 3.60 4 Debt to GNP Ratio 2 3 5 2 4 3 5 3 1 4 4 1 3 2 4 0 0 0 1 4 4 0 4 1 4 2.56 3 Total ODA Given or Received as a Percent of GNP 3 4 0 5 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 4 2 5 3 3 0 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 3.84 4 Intensity of Material Use 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.60 5 Annual Energy Consumption per Capita 2 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.40 4 Share of Consumption of Renewable Energy Resources 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 0 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.48 4 Intensity of Energy Use 5 4 3 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4.44 4 Generation of Industrial and Municipal Solid Waste 5 4 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.56 5 Generation of Hazardous Waste 5 3 4 5 2 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.44 4 Management of Radioactive Waste 5 3 3 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.60 5 Waste Recycling and Reuse 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.72 5 Distance Traveled per Capita by Mode of Transport
Economic (Additional)2 3 4 5 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 4.04 4 Number of Sustainable Tourism Projects
P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24 P25 AverageRounded Average
Institutional (CSD)
4 4 0 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 5 1 3 5 5 4 0 4 1 4 4 5 3 5 5 3.72 4 National Sustainable Development Strategy 2 4 0 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 1 3 3 2 4 3 0 1 3 4 5 3 5 5 3.28 3 Implementation of Ratified Global Agreements 4 3 3 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 1 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 3.96 4 Number of Internet Subscribers per 1000 Inhabitants 4 3 3 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 5 5 5 4 3 3.80 4 Main Telephone Lines per 1000 Inhabitants
5 4 4 5 4 3 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 4.04 4Expenditure on Research and Development as a Percent of GDP
3 3 5 4 2 5 5 3 5 4 4 3 3 2 5 3 3 1 4 3 5 5 3 3 3 3.56 4 Economic and Human Loss Due to Natural Disasters Institutional (additional)
5 4 0 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 0 5 4 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4.20 4Development and Implementation of Green Building Policies
4 4 2 4 4 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4.04 4 Percent Using Public Library4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 3 3 5 4.44 4 Percent of Registered To Vote Population Voting
RESULTS
Rank Scores
On average, participants selected:
12 indicators as having a high relevance to the city of Phoenix 57 as having a medium relevance 16 as having a low relevance 3 indicators as having no relevance to the city of Phoenix.
The participants, on average, did not identify any indicators as:
having unknown relevance to the city of Phoenix being not being understood
RESULTS
Four Dimensions of Sustainable Development
Participants selected:
90% of the social indicators
89% of the institutional indicators
73% of the economic indicators
60% of the environmental indicators
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Final Sustainability Indicators
Reduce the number of sustainability indicators (SI) for the city of Phoenix and identify a set of suitable SIs determined by the stakeholders
19 SIs ranked as having low and no relevance to the city
of Phoenix were eliminated
Remaining 69 SIs were identified by stakeholders as having medium and high relevance to the city of Phoenix
22 SIs with an average rank score of less than 4.00 were eliminated
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Final Sustainability Indicators
By solely considering SIs with an average rank score of 4.00 – 5.00 (standard medium relevance – maximum
high relevance), the final quantity of SIs identified by the stakeholders to measure sustainability for the city of Phoenix was 46
Final Set of Sustainability Indicators for the City of Phoenix
Social (CSD) Percent of Population Living below Poverty Line Unemployment Rate Nutritional Status of Children Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water Percent of Population with Access to Primary Health Care Facilities Immunization Against Infectious Childhood Diseases Children Reaching Grade 5 of Primary Education Adult Secondary Education Achievement Level Adult Literacy Rate Number of Recorded Crimes per 100,000 Population Population Growth Rate
Social (Additional) Number of Places at Affordable Day Care Facilities Housing Affordability (Percentage of Annual Income) Number of New Homes Built on Previously Developed Land Number of Women in Public Appointments and Senior Positions Hours of Work Required for Basic Needs Per Pupil Funding (Percent Per Pupil) Number Businesses Offering Education Opportunities Number of Recorded Substance Abuse and DUI Cases Reported Child Abuse Cases Percentage of Juveniles Related to Recorded Crimes Substance Abuse Treatment Provided Percent of Population with Health Insurance Percent Expended on Health Care
Environmental (CSD) Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances Ambient Concentration of Air Pollutants Urban Areas Annual Withdrawal of Ground and Surface Water as a Percent of Total Available Water Protected Area as a Percentage of Total Area
Environmental (Additional) Area of City Parks and Open Spaces Area of Pedestrian-Bicycle-Friendly Streets Employment Concentration Implementation of Environmental Management Systems or Similar Type of Standards
Economic (CSD) Annual Energy Consumption per Capita Share of Consumption of Renewable Energy Resources Intensity of Energy Use Generation of Industrial and Municipal Solid Waste Generation of Hazardous Waste Management of Radioactive Waste Waste Recycling and Reuse Distance Traveled per Capita by Mode of Transport
Economic (Additional) Number of Sustainable Tourism Projects
Institutional (CSD) Expenditure on Research and Development as a Percent of GDP
Institutional (Additional) Development and Implementation of Green Building Policies Percent Using Public Library Percent of Registered To Vote Population Voting
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
New stakeholder indicators
32% percent of the stakeholders suggested new SIs
Suggested SIs:
race, ethnicity, culture and socio-economic issues
water consumption issues
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
Stakeholders selected:
25 SIs from a possible 58 CSD indicators (43%)
21 SIs from a possible 30 additional indicators (70%)
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations for Future Study
Future research could: Consider aspects such as race, ethnicity, culture, age,
gender, religious beliefs, socio-economic status and sexual orientation
Utilize the workgroup practice
Identify and add additional sustainability indicators derived from those most frequently suggested by the stakeholders
QUESTIONS
Thank you for your attention
Questions and Comments
S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y
“IT’S EASY BEING GREEN”
Graham L. Twaddell
WORKSHOP OUTLINE
Define sustainable development
Benefits of sustainability
How to achieve sustainability
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Sustainable development, or sustainability, is the simple idea that, as human beings, we place a high value on our own quality of life and that of future generations.
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Sustainability can be visualized as a web of interconnected systems that work together to produce and enhance a sustainable world.
Key aspects of this web include:
S O C I A L
Employee Benefits, Health Care,
Community Involvement, Education…
Key aspects of this web include:
E C O N O M I C
Production Costs, Profits vs Loss,
Compliance Costs,Sales…
Key aspects of this web include:
E N V I R O N M E N T A L
Waste,
Energy Efficiency,
Environmental Degradation…
Key aspects of this web include:
I N S T I T U T I O N A L
Disaster Preparedness and Response,
Safety Training,
Information Access…
The Pursuit of Sustainability
Economic
Environmental
Institutional Social
SUSTAINABILITY
The next generation matters as much as the next quarter…
In order for companies to maintain a competitive edge and ensure longevity they need to adopt a management system that addresses not only economic issues, but issues that address environmental, social, and institutional matters also.
Reasons to be Sustainable:
1. Limitless Longevity…Company survival: Sustainability is a rapidly growing key business concept. As other companies implement and practice sustainability, those that do not will simply fall behind and lose the ability to aggressively compete.
Reasons to be Sustainable:
2. Smart Savings…Being clean and green will save your company money…e.g., less energy, less water, less waste, less clean up, less liability and exposure.
Plant Earth’s natural resources are finite…and thus costly!
Reasons to be Sustainable:
3. Natural Neighborhood…For your kids and your community, enhancing you and your loved ones’ lives, as well as setting a moral and ethical example.
Reasons to be Sustainable:
4. Recognition Rewards…Enhance market share, client and public relations, and company reputation.
Reasons to be Sustainable:
5. Excel and Exceed…Going beyond compliance, by setting – and exceeding - industry standards, your company has a tangible impact on rival businesses.
Make your own reasons…
To be sustainable, our actions must reflect what is important to us; qualities such as clean air, clean water, health, security and prosperity.
Industry and Sustainability
As the world has become more industrialized, there have been increasing environmental pressures such as harmful emissions and waste, which have had global, regional or local impacts.
Industry and Sustainability
Global, regional or local impacts include: Local level - urban air pollution, contamination
of soils and rivers and land degradation; Regionally - acid rain and water contamination; Globally - climate change, ozone layer
depletion, loss of biodiversity, increased movement of hazardous waste and increased land-based marine pollution.
Industry and Sustainability
There is a mutually reinforcing relationship between social and industrial development.
Industrialization has the potential to promote, directly and indirectly, a variety of social objectives such as employment creation, poverty eradication, gender equality, labor standards, and greater access to education and health care.
Industry and Sustainability
In this regard, the overriding challenge is to promote the positive impacts while limiting or eliminating the negative impacts of industrial activities on social development.
Industry and Sustainability
The overriding task facing the industry today is to maximize the positive influence of industrial activities on economic and social development, while minimizing the negative impact of production and consumption on the environment.
ENVIROSURE Sustainability Audit
SOCIALMax
ValuePoints
Attained
Employee Salary 10
Employee Benefits 10
Healthful and Safe Working Environment 10
Health and Wellness Program 10
Volunteer in Community 10
Education Opportunities 10
Ride Share Program 10
Employee Salary Direct Deposit 10
TOTAL 80
ENVIROSURE Sustainability Audit
ENVIRONMENTALMax
ValuePoints
Attained
Hazardous Material Inventory Service (HMIS) & Tier II 10
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan 10
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures Plan 10
Air Permits 10
Water Permits 10
Pollution Prevention (P2) Plan 10
Hazardous Waste Management 10
Landscaping 10
TOTAL 80
ENVIROSURE Sustainability Audit
ECONOMICMax
ValuePoints
Attained
Percentage Profit 10
Energy Consumption 10
Water Consumption 10
Generation of Waste (municipal and hazardous) 10
Waste Recycling and Reuse 10
Inventory Control (Just In Time Ordering) 10
Electronic banking and mailing 10
Alliance of Sustainable Businesses 10
TOTAL 80
ENVIROSURE Sustainability Audit
INSTITUTIONALMax
ValuePoints
Attained
Sustainable Development Strategy and Steering Committee 10
Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan 10
Employee Safety Training 10
Contractor Identification Pass and Safety Briefing 10
Community and Employee Access to Information 10
% of Employees Registered to Vote to Employees Voting 10
Employee Gender Equality 10
Employee and Community Cultural Awareness 10
TOTAL 80
WORKSHOP OUTLINE
Define sustainable development
Benefits of sustainability
How to achieve sustainability
Questions?
Graham L. Twaddell
1979 East Broadway Road, Tempe, Arizona 85282Tel: (480) 784-4621 Fax: (480) 784-2207
www.envirosure.com